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Feasibility study of minimally trained medical students using the Rural Obstetrical Ultrasound Triage Exam(ROUTE)in rural Panama

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第3期9卷 216-222页

作者： Annasha Vyas Katherine Moran Joshua Livingston Savannah Gonzales Marlene Torres Ali Duffens carina Mireles Romo Gnevieve Mazza Briana Livingston Shadi Lahham john christian fox School of Medicine University of California IrvineIrvineCA 92697USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of California IrvineOrangeCA 92868USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of California IrvineOrangeCA 92868USA

BAcKGROUND:Maternal and infant mortality rates reported in rural Panama are greater than those in urban *** del Toro is a region of Panama inhabited by indigenous people at greater risk for pregnancy-related complications and deaths due to geographic isolation and limited access to health *** ultrasound training programs have recently been implemented in low-resource settings to increase access to diagnostic *** goal of this study is to determine the feasibility of teaching firstyear medical students the Rural Obstetrical Ultrasound Triage Exam(ROUTE)to help identify pathology in pregnant women of the Bocas del Toro region of ***:Eight first-year medical students completed ROUTE training *** training,the students were compared to professional sonographers to evaluate their accuracy in performing the *** then performed the ROUTE in mobile clinics within Bocas del *** enrolled women pregnant in their 2nd or 3rd trimesters and measured biparietal diameter,head circumference,amniotic fluid index,fetal lie and placental *** abnormal measurement would be further analyzed by the lead physician for a potential hospital ***:A total of 60 women were enrolled in the *** women were detected as having a possible high-risk pregnancy and thus referred to a hospital for further ***:Based on our data,first-year medical students with additional training can use the ROUTE to identify complications in pregnancy using ultrasound in rural *** studies are required to determine the optimal amount of training required for proficiency.

关键词： Point of care ultrasound Ultrasound education Rural Panama Obstetrics ultrasound

Shifts in phenology of autumn migration and wing length among reedbed passerines along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway

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Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 275-284页

作者： john A.Allcock Timothy c.Bonebrake Yik Hei Sung caroline Dingle School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Biological Sciences BuildingThe University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong Kong SARChina Science Unit Lingnan UniversityHong Kong SARChina

climate change impacts bird migration phenology,causing changes in departure and arrival dates,leading to potential mismatches between migration and other key seasonal *** the impacts of climate change on arrival at breeding grounds have been relatively well documented,little is known about the impacts of climate change on post-breeding migration,especially at stopover *** we use long-term(11 years)banding data(11,118 captures)from 7 species at Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve in Hong Kong,a key stopover site for migratory birds along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway,to describe long-term changes in migration phenology and to compare observed changes to annual weather *** also examine changes in wing length over a longer time period(1985–2020)as wing length often correlates positively with migration *** found that observed changes in migratory phenology vary by species;three species had later estimated arrival(by 1.8 days per year),peak(by 2.6 days per year)or departure(by 2.5 days per year),one showed an earlier peak date(by 1.8days per year)and two showed longer duration of passage(2.7 days longer and 3.2 days longer per year).Three species exhibited no long-term change in migration *** two of the four species with shifting phenology,temperature was an important predictor of changing peak date,departure dates and duration of *** length was shorter in three species and longer in two species,but these changes did not correlate with observed phenological *** complex changes observed here are indicative of the challenges concerning the detection of climate change in migratory stopover *** monitoring and a better understanding of the dynamics of all sites in the migratory pathway will aid conservation of these species under global change.

关键词： Autumn migration climate change East Asian–Australasian flyway Passerines Phenology Reedbed

Impaired gluconeogenesis in a porcine model of paracetamol induced acute liver failure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第11期17卷 1457-1461页

作者： Konstantinos J Dabos Henry R Whalen Philip N Newsome john A Parkinson Neil c Henderson Ian H Sadler Peter c Hayes john N Plevris Liver cell Biology Laboratory Department of HepatologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4SAUnited Kingdom Gastroenterology Unit Ioannina General Hospital Hatzikosta450-01 IoanninaGreece Gastroenterology Department Hatzikosta General HospitalLeoforos Makrygianni450-01 IoanninaGreece Department of chemistry University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 6AAUnited Kingdom

AIM:To investigate glucose homeostasis and in particular gluconeogenesis in a large animal model of acute liver failure(ALF).METHODS:Six pigs with paracetamol induced ALF under general anaesthesia were studied over 25 *** samples were withdrawn every five hours from a central *** animals were used as controls and were maintained under anaesthesia *** 1 H NMR spectroscopy we identified most gluconeogenic amino acids along with lactate and pyruvate in the animal plasma ***:No significant changes were observed in the concentrations of the amino acids studied in the animals maintained under anaesthesia *** we look at the ALF animals,we observed a statistically significant rise of lactate(Pcally significant rises in the concentrations of alanine(Pcine(Pcine(Pcreased significantly(PcONcLUSION:Our pig model of ALF is characterized by an altered gluconeogenetic capacity,an impaired tricarboxylic acid(TcA)cycle and a glycolytic state.

关键词： Lactate Pyruvate Branch chain amino acids Aromatic amino acids

新疆、青海、西藏猎隼(Falco cherrug)生存状况与繁殖生态

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新疆、青海、西藏猎隼(Falco cherrug)生存状况与繁殖生态

Assessment of clinical dehydration using point of care ultrasound for pediatric patients in rural Panama

第八届中国动物学会鸟类学分会全国代表大会暨第六届海峡两岸鸟类学研讨会

作者：马鸣 Eugene Potapov 殷守敬 Andrew Dixon Dimitar Ragyov 徐峰 Nicholas c.fox 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 Falcon Research Institute Institute of Zoology

自2001-2005年,中国科学院与英国鸟类研究中心联合对新疆准噶尔盆地和昆仑山、青海玉树地区、西藏那曲地区的猎隼(Falco cherrug)分布状况与繁殖生态进行深入调查。考察行程上万公里。卫星跟踪显示在俄罗斯、蒙古繁殖的猎隼迁往青藏高... 详细信息

自2001-2005年,中国科学院与英国鸟类研究中心联合对新疆准噶尔盆地和昆仑山、青海玉树地区、西藏那曲地区的猎隼(Falco cherrug)分布状况与繁殖生态进行深入调查。考察行程上万公里。卫星跟踪显示在俄罗斯、蒙古繁殖的猎隼迁往青藏高原越冬。但是,实地调查表明,在新-青-藏还有一些繁殖种群;繁殖区的海拔高度从600 m,上升至5 200 m。根据观察,猎隼的巢多数属于“垃圾巢”,因为高原缺乏合适的巢材,那些人类遗弃的皮管、铁丝、皮带、破布、汽车零件、骨片、绳子等垃圾充斥于巢穴之中。考察期间,共找到60多只猎隼成鸟、约25个猎隼巢或巢区;分布地点涉及昆仑山脉、准噶尔盆地、可可西里、塘古拉山脉等,包括新疆奇台、且末,青海楚玛尔河、五道梁、曲麻莱、雁石坪、玉树,西藏安多、那曲等。猎隼巢址多位于悬崖凹陷处(14个)、河岸砂土洞(3)、桥梁(2)等处;巢高于地面7～30 m。通常多沿用渡鸦、大薏、棕尾蔫的巢,有同步繁殖现象。附近有鼠兔、雪雀、地鸦、岩鸽、石鸡等活动。巢区沿着山脉或者丘陵连续分布,巢间距最近2.5 km,通常4-8km或更远。4-5月产卵,窝卵数3-5枚;5月上旬和中旬已有部分幼鸟出壳。虽然在中国捕捉猎隼现象十分猖獗,但考察结果依然令人振奋。建议中国猎隼研究小组(cSRG) 积极开展国际合作,通过卫星跟踪、电子微芯片标记(PIT)、DNA指纹图谱分析、人工猎隼栖架和巢穴招引技术等,不断完善监测手段和管理机制,为猎隼的保护与合理利用做出努力。

关键词：猎隼分布状况繁殖生态中国西部

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第1期10卷 46-50页

作者： Genevieve Mazza carina Mireles Romo Marlene Torres Ali Duffens Annasha Vyas Katherine Moran Joshua Livingston Savannah Gonzales Shadi Lahham Inna Shniter Maxwell Thompson john christian fox School of Medicine University of California Irvine Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Irvine

BAcKGROUND: Dehydration and its associated symptoms are among the most common chief complaints of children in rural Panama. Previous studies have shown that intravascular volume correlates to the ratio of the diameters of the inferior vena cava(IVc) to the aorta(Ao). Our study aims to determine if medical students can detect pediatric dehydration using ultrasound on patients in rural Panama. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational study conducted in the Bocas del Toro region of rural Panama. children between the ages of 1 to 15 years presenting with diarrhea, vomiting, or parasitic infection were enrolled in the study. Ultrasound measurements of the diameters of the IVc and abdominal aorta were taken to assess for dehydration. RESULTS: A total of 59 patients were enrolled in this study. Twenty-four patients were clinically diagnosed with dehydration and 35 were classified to have normal hydration status. Of the 24 patients with dehydration, half(n=12) of these patients had an IVc/Ao ratio below the American threshold of 0.8. Of the remaining asymptomatic subjects, about half(n=18) of these subjects also had an IVc/Ao ratio below the American threshold of ***: Our study did not support previous literature showing that the IVc/Ao ratio is lower in children with dehydration. It is possible that the American standard for evaluating clinical dehydration is not compatible with the rural pediatric populations of Panama.

关键词： Ultrasound Parasitic infection Panama Rural medicine Dehydration Medical education

Improved estimation of PM_(2.5) brown carbon contributions to filter light attenuation

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Particuology 2021年第3期19卷 1-9页

作者： Judith c.chow L.-W.Antony chen Xiaoliang Wang Mark c.Green john G.Watson Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNVUSA State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’anChina Graduate Faculty Department of Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of NevadaReno NevadaUSA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health School of Public HealthUniversity of NevadaLas VegasNVUSA

Multiwavelength light attenuation measurements have been acquired as part of thermal/optical carbon analysis in the *** Speciation Network(cSN)and the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments(IMPROVE)network beginning in *** are used to estimate PM_(2.5)brown carbon(Brc)contributions to light absorption at various wavelengths,a useful method for separating biomass burning contributions from other *** of light transmitted through the filter deviates from Beers Law as the mass of light absorbing materials *** study estimates the effects of these deviations with empirical adjustment factors applied to samples for cSN from 2016 to 2017 and for IMPROVE from 2016 to *** for the filter loading effect results in an annual average increase of∼6-7%Brc contribution to light attenuation:from 3.6%to 10.7%for the urban,more heavily loaded cSN samples;and from 23.7%to 29.5%for the non-urban IMPROVE *** alternative method is examined for Brc and black carbon(Bc)adjustments by calculating the AbsorptionÅngström Exponent(AAE)for Bc(i.e.,AAE_(Bc))based on the ratios of 635 nm/780 nm light attenuation rather than assuming AAE_(Bc)of *** paired-wavelength calculations result in a median AAE_(Bc)of 0.76 for cSN and 0.8 for IMPROVE,with the majority of samples(i.e.,91%of cSN and 70%of IMPROVE)showing AAE_(Bc)contributions from Brc to AAE at longer wavelengths,the amount of light attenuation at shorter wavelengths(e.g.,405 nm)where Brc is dominant can be *** paired-wavelength method applied to the filter loading adjusted data has a greater effect on urban(fresh)than on non-urban(aged)aerosols,resulting in a factor of two increase in annual averaged Brc light attenuation(from 10.7%to 21.6%)for cSN and by a factor of 1.11(from 29.5%to 32.7%)for IMPROVE *** result demonstrates the importance of particle loading and AAE correction on quantifying Brc light attenuatio

关键词： Organic carbon Brown carbon Elemental carbon Black carbon AbsorptionÅngström Exponent

Metabolomic Profiling in Selaginella lepidophylla at Various Hydration States Provides New Insights into the Mechanistic Basis of Desiccation Tolerance

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 369-385页

作者： Abou Yobi Bernard W.M. Wone Wenxin Xu Danny c. Alexander Lining Guo john A. Ryals Melvin J. Oliver john c. cushman Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nevada Reno NV 89557-0330 USA Department of Biological Sciences University of Nevada Reno NV 89557-0314 USA Metabolon Inc. 800 Capitola Drive Suite 1 Durham NC 27713 USA US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Genetic Research Unit University of Missouri Columbia MI 65211 USA

Selaginella lepidophylla is one of only a few species of spike mosses （Selaginellaceae） that have evolved des-iccation tolerance （DT） or the ability to ＇resurrect＇ from an air-dried state. In order to understand the metabolic basis of DT, S, lepidophylla was subjected to a five-stage, rehydration/dehydration cycle, then analyzed using non-biased, global metabolomics profiling technology based on Gc/MS and UHLc/MS/MS2 platforms. A total of 251 metabolites including 167 named （66.5%） and 84 （33.4%） unnamed compounds were characterized. Only 42 （16.7%） and 74 （29.5%） of compounds showed significantly increased or decreased abundance, respectively, indicating that most compounds were produced con-stitutively, including highly abundant trehalose, sucrose, and glucose. Several glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and tricarboxylic acid （TcA） cycle intermediates showed increased abundance at 100% relative water content （RWc） and 50% RWc. Vanillate, a potent antioxidant, was also more abundant in the hydrated state. Many different sugar alcohols and sugar acids were more abundant in the hydrated state. These polyols likely decelerate the rate of water loss during the drying process as well as slow water absorption during rehydration, stabilize proteins, and scavenge reactive oxygen species （ROS）. In contrast, nitrogen-rich and y-glutamyl amino acids, citrulline, and nucleotide catabolism products （e.g. allantoin） were more abundant in the dry states, suggesting that these compounds might play important roles in nitrogen remobilization during rehydration or in ROS scavenging. UV-protective compounds such as 3-（3-hydroxyphenyl）propionate, apigenin, and naringenin, were more abundant in the dry states. Most lipids were produced constitutively, with the exception of choline phosphate, which was more abundant in dry states and likely plays a role in membrane hydration and stabilization. In contrast, several poly- unsaturated fatty acids were more abundant in the hydrated states, suggestin

关键词： abiotic/environmental stress mass spectrometry metabolomics oxidative/photooxidative stress desiccationtolerance Selaginella.

Effect of adding a smart potassium ion-responsive copolymer into polysulfone support membrane on the performance of thin-film composite nanofiltration membrane

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Frontiers of chemical Science and Engineering 2019年第2期13卷 400-414页

作者： Meibo He Zhuang Liu Tong Li chen chen Baicang Liu john c.crittenden Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610207China college of Architecture and Environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China School of chemical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Research center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Litree Purifying Technology co. LtdHaikou 571126China Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Thin-film composite (TFc) nanofiltration (NF) membranes were fabricated via the interfacial polymerization of piperazine (PIP) and 1,3,5-benzenetricart)oiiyl trichloride on polysulfone (PSf) support membranes blended with K^+-responsive poly(N-isopropylacryamideco- acryloylamidobenzo-15-crown-5)(P(NIPAM-co- AAB15c5)). Membranes were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope, contact angle, and filtration tests. The results showed that:(1) Under K^+-free conditions, the blended P(NIPAM-co-AAB15c5)/PSf supports had porous and hydrophilic surfaces, thereby producing NF membranes with smooth surfaces and low MgSO4 rejections;(2) With K^+ in the PIP solution, the surface roughness and water permeability of the resultant NF membrane were increased due to the K^+-induced transition of low-content P(NIPAM-co-AAB15c5) from hydrophilic to hydrophobic;(3) After a curing treatment at 95℃, the improved NF membrane achieved an even higher pure water permeability of 10.97 L·m^-2·h^-1 - bar1 under 200 psi. Overall, this study provides a novel method to improve the performance of NF membranes and helps understand the influence of supports on TFc membranes.

关键词： nanofiltration interfacial polymerization support membrane potassium ion-responsive thin-film composite

chemical poison and regeneration of ScR catalysts for NOx removal from stationary sources

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第3期10卷 413-427页

作者： Junhua LI Yue PENG Huazhen cHANG Xiang LI john c. cRITTENDEN Jiming HAO State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China School of civil and Environmental Engineering and the Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems Georgia Institute of Technology 800 West Peachtree Street Suite 400 F-H Atlanta GA 30332-0595 United States School of Environment and Natural Resource Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China

Selective catalytic reduction （ScR） of NOx with NH3 is an effective technique to remove NOx from stationary sources, such as coal-fired power plant and industrial boilers. Some of elements in the fly ash deactivate the catalyst due to strong chemisorptions on the active sites. The poisons may act by simply blocking active sites or alter the adsorption behaviors of reactants and products by an electronic interaction. This review is mainly focused on the chemical poisoning on V2O5-based catalysts, environmental-benign catalysts and low temperature catalysts. Several common poisons including alkali/alkaline earth metals, SO2 and heavy metals etc. are referred and their poisoning mechanisms on catalysts are discussed. The regeneration methods of poisoned catalysts and the development of poison-resistance catalysts are also compared and analyzed. Finally, future research directions in developing poisoning resistance catalysts and facile efficient regeneration methods for ScR catalysts are proposed.

关键词： flue gas DeNOx ScR catalyst poison and regeneration