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2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen D.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira Mary Hastert Chelsea l.Kracht john M.Schuna Jr. Zhenghui Cai Minghui Quan Catrine Tudor-locke Melicia C.Whitt-Glover David R. Jacobs Jr. Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Sciences Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of Exercise and Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across *** original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health ***:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 *** a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since *** replaced estimated METs with measured values when ***:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 *** added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older *** added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major ***:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health *** new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://***.

关键词： Adults Energy expenditure Exercise MET Physical Activities

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Use of infrared thermography to detect reactions to stressful events:does animal personality matter?

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 224-239页

作者： Maria Vittoria MAZZAMUTO Marina MORANDINI William lAMPMAN lucas Armand WAUTERS Damiano PREATONI john lad KOPROWSKI Adriano MARTINOlI School of Natural Resources and Environment College of Agriculture and Life ScienceUniversity of ArizonaArizonaUSA Unitàdi Analisi e Gestione delle Risorse Ambientali Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e ApplicateGuido Tosi Research GroupUniversitàdegli Studi dell’InsubriaVareseItaly Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources University of WyomingWyomingUSA

The study of the relationship between animal stress and personality for free-ranging animals is limited and provides contrasting *** perception of stressors by an individual may vary due to its personality,and certain personality traits may help individuals to better cope with *** non-invasive infrared thermography(IRT),we investigated the link between physiological and behavioral components expressed during an acute stress event by free-ranging Fremont’s squirrels(Tamiasciurus fremonti).We expected that,during the acute stress event of being approached by the researcher,individuals that showed a fast pace-of-life syndrome(bolder,more active,and less social/more aggressive)based on an arena test would exhibit stronger sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system reactivity showing a more intense stress-induced hyperthermia(high core body temperature and low peripheral temperature)than individuals with a slow pace of life(shy,less active,and more social).We successfully employed IRT technology to images of Fremont’s squirrels with identification of the individuals’body parts(eye,nose,ear,hind foot).However,we found no support for our ***’body surface temperatures told us more about a squirrel’s external environment and less about the thermal state of the body in that environment following a stressful *** studies need to assess how to make IRT effective and efficient in the field and improve its performance in studying the relationships between physiology and personality in wildlife.

关键词： non-invasive method open field test physiology stress-induced hyperthermia Tamiasciurus fremonti

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One and Half Centuries of Church Architecture in Ibadan,Nigeria

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2024年第3期12卷 168-191页

作者： john Okpako Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-IfeNigeria.

By the end of the 19th century,the missionaries had successfully planted Christianity in Ibadan,Nigeria with its distinguishable *** history of church architecture in Ibadan is synonymous with the beginning of Christianity in yoruba *** on historical data obtained from the archives and field investigations,the paper traces the development of the church buildings of the missionary churches in Ibadan from the late 19th century to early 21st *** shifts in the thinking about ideological and liturgical issues in church architecture globally,three distinct phases of development of church buildings in Ibadan are suggested beginning with the mission stations and ending with the modernist church *** paper concludes that attempts to introduce modern architectural expressions in church buildings in Ibadan were increasingly common and strong but traditionalist and historicist approaches to architectural planning of church buildings remained predominant into the 21st century.

关键词： church architecture history liturgy Ibadan modernist

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Targeting TrkB–PSD-95 coupling to mitigate neurological disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 715-724页

作者： Xin yang yu-Wen Alvin Huang john Marshall Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Center for Translational Neuroscience Robert J.and Nancy D.Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and *** activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at synapses binds to pre-or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflected by long-term ***,the association of postsynaptic density protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required for long-term *** this review,we discuss TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling towards the development of novel therapeutics for specific neurological disorders.A reduction of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease,and enhancement of postsynaptic density protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could mitigate the observed deficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and *** with brain-derived neurotrophic factor is problematic,due to poor pharmacokinetics,low brain penetration,and side effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated TrkB.T1 *** TrkB agonists and antibodies that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated,they cannot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific *** TrkB–postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling provides an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effects.

关键词： Angelman syndrome autism brain-derived neurotrophic factor depression neurodegenerative disorder neurodevelopmental disorder postsynaptic density protein-95 synaptic plasticity TrkB

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Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation of the Universe

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第8期15卷 1097-1143页

作者： john A. Macken Santa Rosa California USA

In this article, spacetime is modeled as a quantum mechanical sonic medium consisting of Planck length oscillations at Planck frequency. Planck length-time oscillations give spacetime its physical constants of c, G and ħ. Oscillating spacetime is proposed to be the single universal field that generates and unifies everything in the universe. The 17 fields of quantum field theory are modeled as lower frequency resonances of oscillating spacetime. A model of an electron is proposed to be a rotating soliton wave in this medium. An electron appears to have wave-particle duality even though it is fundamentally a quantized wave. This soliton wave can momentarily be smaller than a proton in a high energy collision or can have a relatively large volume of an atom’s orbital wave function. Finding an electron causes it to undergo a superluminal collapse to a smaller wave size. This gives an electron its particle-like properties when detected. The proposed wave-based electron model is tested and shown to have an electron’s approximate energy, de Broglie wave properties and undetectable volume. Most important, this electron model is shown to also generate an electron’s electrostatic and gravitational forces. The gravitational properties are derived from the nonlinearity of this medium. When an electron’s gravitational and electrostatic forces are modeled as distortions of soliton waves, the equations become very simple, and a clear connection emerges between these forces. For example, the gravitational force between two Planck masses equals the electrostatic force between two Planck charges. Both force magnitudes equal ħc/r2.

关键词： Unification of Forces Electron Model Cosmological Constant Problem Foundation of Physics Aether

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How Prime Numbers Are Interconnected and Built with Two Equations: Addition and Subtraction Rules the Function (6µ)

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第4期14卷 228-241页

作者： john Richard Wisdom Centre of Pedagogical Innovation (Capsule) Sorbonne University Paris France

Are all prime numbers linked by four simple functions? Can we predict when a prime will appear in a sequence of primes? If we classify primes into two groups, Group 1 for all primes that appear before ζ (such that , for instance 5, ), an even number divisible by 3 and 2, and Group 2 for all primes that are after ζ (such that , for instance 7), then we find a simple function: for each prime in each group, , where n is any natural number. If we start a sequence of primes with 5 for Group 1 and 7 for Group 2, we can attribute a μ value for each prime. The μ value can be attributed to every prime greater than 7. Thus for Group 1, and . Using this formula, all the primes appear for , where μ is any natural number.

关键词： Number Theory Prime Number Groups Twin Primes Prime Structure and Sequence Prime Subtraction and Addition

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Complementary Food Situation in Sierra leone: Nutritional Problems and Possible Strategies—A Review

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 113-128页

作者： Philip john Kanu Milton Margai Technical University Freetown Sierra Leone Institute of Food Technology Nutrition and Consumer Studies School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Sierra Leone Centre for Development and Food Safety Freetown Sierra Leone

low nutrient density and bulkiness of complementary foods, early introduction of solid foods, and unhygienic practices during weaning stage of a child predispose infants to malnutrition, growth retardation, infection and high mortality. In most West African countries, especially in Sierra leone, the use of a variety of home-made complementary foods prepared from locally grown foodstuffs during the weaning process is popular, with products traditionally known as pap (mesh rice water) fofo from cassava, ogi, gari, akamu and couscous. Sierra leone is one of the countries in West Africa that has been reported to have a challenging situation with regards to complementary foods, and little effort has so far been done to improve the situation. Despite these challenges, very little work has been directed towards the development of complementary foods using local foodstuffs as practiced in some other African countries. This situation has serious impact on the lives of infants in Sierra leone, thus increasing the rate of mortality in the country. Complementary food situation in Sierra leone was reviewed in terms of the past and present practices as well as the types of complementary foods used in Sierra leone. Thus, the objective of this review was to discuss the complementary food situation in Sierra leone: Nutritional problems and possible strategies. Formulation of high nutritive value home-made complementary foods in the country was recommended using traditional food processing techniques such as fermentation and germination, since these methods are simple, and could easily be employed at household and community levels without the use of sophisticated machinery. Nonetheless, it was recently reported that a product from the orange-flesh sweet potato could address the issue of complementary food in the country as it is easy to prepare, and the products are easily available in the rural area and even urban settings. Other recommendations made include: community nutrition edu

关键词： Complementary Food Pap Malnutrition Growth Retardation

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Provenance and depositional setting of the late MiocenePleistocene clastic sediments in the eastern Arabian Peninsula and western Iraq using rare earth elements geochemistry

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 399-410页

作者： Salih M.Awadh Zinah S.Al-Ankaz Mohanad R.A.Al-Owaidi john S.Armstrong-Altrin Department of Geology College of ScienceUniversity of BaghdadBaghdadIraq Department of Geology College of ScienceUniversity of WasitWasit 52011Iraq Department of Applied Geology College of ScienceUniversity of BabylonBabylon 51001Iraq Unidad de Procesos Oceanicos y Costeros Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y LimnologíaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad Universitaria04510 Mexico CityCDMXMexico Department of Marine Sciences Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirapalliTamil Nadu 620024India

The sandstones of the late miocene–Pliocene Dibdibba Formation in the Najaf–Karbala Plateau and Basra were examined to determine their source rocks and origin. The rare earth elements(REE) and trace elements(Sc, Co, V, and Th) concentrations in these sandstones revealed that they likely derived from a single source. The steep light rare earth elements(lREE) and flat, heavy rare earth element(HREE) patterns, negative Eu anomaly, and high ΣREE contents in sandstones suggest its derivation from a suggests that a passive continental margin environment and originated from felsic source rocks. The average concentration of ΣREE is 93.5 ppm, which is lower than that of the average crustal compositions like Upper Continental Crust and Post Archean Australian Shale. The higher proportion of lREE compared to HREE implies that these sandstones were recycled and derived from a distal source. The Th/Co, Th/Sc, la/Sc, la/Co, Eu/Eu*and(la/lu)cn elemental ratios indicated that these late Miocene–Pliocene sandstones were derived from felsic rocks located in the marginal region of the Arabian Shield.

关键词： REE Dibdibba formation Clastic sediments Passive continental margin

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Wireless sequential dual light delivery for programmed PDT in vivo

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1047-1061页

作者： Jiayi liu Bowen Sun Wenkai li Han-Joon Kim Shu Uin Gan john S.Ho Juwita Norasmara Bte Rahmat yong Zhang Department of Oncology The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117585Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117576Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering Kumoh National Institute of TechnologyGumi39253Republic of Korea Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore119228Singapore The N.1 Institute for Health National University of SingaporeSingapore117456Singapore Institute for Health Innovation and Technology National University of SingaporeSingapore119276Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering College of EngineeringCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SARChina

Using photodynamic therapy(PDT)to treat deep-seated cancers is limited due to inefficient delivery of photosensitizers and low tissue penetration of *** nanocarriers are widely used for photosensitizer delivery,while the self-quenching of the encapsulated photosensitizers would impair the PDT ***,the generated short-lived reactive oxygen spieces(ROS)can hardly diffuse out of nanocarriers,resulting in low PDT ***,a smart nanocarrier system which can be degraded by light,followed by photosensitizer activation can potentially overcome these limitations and enhance the PDT efficacy.A light-sensitive polymer nanocarrier encapsulating photosensitizer(RB-M)was *** implantable wireless dual wavelength microlED device which delivers the two light wavelengths sequentially was developed to programmatically control the release and activation of the loaded *** transmitter coils with matching resonant frequencies allow activation of the connected lEDs to emit different wavelengths *** irradiation time,dose,and RB-M concentration were determined using an agent-based digital simulation *** vitro and in vivo validation experiments in an orthotopic rat liver hepatocellular carcinoma disease model confirmed that the nanocarrier rupture and sequential low dose light irradiation strategy resulted in successful PDT at reduced photosensitizer and irradiation dose,which is a clinically significant event that enhances treatment safety.

关键词： PDT overcome hardly

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A Survey on Event Tracking in Social Media Data Streams

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第1期7卷 217-243页

作者： Zixuan Han leilei Shi lu liu liang Jiang Jiawei Fang Fanyuan lin Jinjuan Zhang john Panneerselvam Nick Antonopoulos School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering and Jiangsu Key laboratory of Security Technology for Industrial Cyberspace Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Ocean College Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212100China University Executive Office Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghEH114BNUK

Social networks are inevitable parts of our daily life,where an unprecedented amount of complex data corresponding to a diverse range of applications are *** such,it is imperative to conduct research on social events and patterns from the perspectives of conventional sociology to optimize services that originate from social *** tracking in social networks finds various applications,such as network security and societal governance,which involves analyzing data generated by user groups on social networks in real ***,as deep learning techniques continue to advance and make important breakthroughs in various fields,researchers are using this technology to progressively optimize the effectiveness of Event Detection(ED)and tracking *** this regard,this paper presents an in-depth comprehensive review of the concept and methods involved in ED and tracking in social *** introduce mainstream event tracking methods,which involve three primary technical steps:ED,event propagation,and event ***,we introduce benchmark datasets and evaluation metrics for ED and tracking,which allow comparative analysis on the performance of mainstream ***,we present a comprehensive analysis of the main research findings and existing limitations in this field,as well as future research prospects and challenges.

关键词： Event Detection(ED) event propagation event evolution social networks

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