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Integrative Zoology 2017年第3期12卷 228-236页

作者： john S.BUCKERIDGE william.A.NEWMAN Earth&Oceanic Systems Group RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Scripps Institution of Oceanography La JollaCaliforniaUSA

Curious eroded depressions,most resembling an eye shedding an elongate tear,are found in gently sloping,intertidal,carbonate-rich arenite outcropping on the sea coast near Lakes Entrance,Victoria,southeast *** depressions,known locally as“Tears of the Virgin,”are evidently formed by multiple generations of a barnacle,Chthamalus antennatus Darwin,1854 in association with *** the round part of a depression offers the barnacle a modicum of protection from impacts during high tides,it is also partially inhabited by cyanobacteria,which extend into and tend to fill the elongate *** such,this appears to be the first case of mutualism between a higher invertebrate and cyanobacteria,with the cyanobacteria reducing the barnacle’s risk of desiccation while receiving metabolic wastes from it during low *** is also the first record of a balanomorph barnacle eroding calcareous arenite beneath its shell,the net effect of which would be expected to reduce its adhesion to the ***,the siliceous residue,resulting from the barnacle’s dissolution of the more than 80%of the calcite-rich sedimentary rock,is sequestered in delicate folds on the inside of the shell wall as it grows.A brief review of cirripedes capable of excavation includes the first photographic documentation of excavation of a mollusc shell by a verrucomorph.

关键词： burrowing barnacles Chthamalus antennatus Cirripedia cyanobacteria mutualism

The rare Australian epiphytic orchid Sarcochilus weinthalii associates with a single species of Ceratobasidium

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第3期54卷 31-37页

作者： Rachel Roseanne Graham john David william.Dearnaley Australian Centre for Sustainable Catchments The University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQueensland 4350Australia

Sarcochilus weinthalii is a rare,epiphytic orchid largely restricted to the dry rainforests of eastern *** of the conservation procedures for the orchid includes isolation and identification of the associated mycorrhizal *** this study the mycorrhizal fungal partner of the species was determined through extraction and sequencing of DNA from both colonised orchid roots and pure fungal cultures grown out from orchid roots.A single species of Ceratobasidium predominated in the orchid suggesting that the orchid displays narrow fungal *** mycorrhizal fungus can now be used in conservation procedures involving ex situ growth and the reintroduction of plants to the natural state.

关键词： Sarcochilus weinthalii Epiphytic orchids Ceratobasidium Mycorrhizal specificity

Evaluation of conflict-resolution policies on controller taskload

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第5期34卷 315-330页

作者： Adan Ernesto VELA william.SINGHOSE Karen FEIGH john-Paul CLARKE Eric FERON Department of Industrial Engineering and Management System University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

In an effort to maintain safety while satisfying growing air traffic demand,air navigation service providers are considering the inclusion of advisory systems to identify potential conflicts and propose resolution commands for the air traffic controller to verify and issue to *** understand the potential workload implications of introducing advisory conflict-detection and resolution tools,this paper examines a metric of controller taskload:how many resolution commands an air traffic controller issues under the guidance of an advisory *** a simulation study,the research presented here evaluates how the underlying protocol of a conflict-resolution tool affects the controller taskload(system demands)associated with the conflict-resolution process,and implicitly the controller workload(physical and psychological demands).Ultimately,evidence indicates that there is significant flexibility in the design of conflict-resolution algorithms supporting an advisory system.

关键词： Air traffic control Air traffic management Conflict detection and resolution Decision-support tools Simulation analysis

Well-controlled autoimmune hepatitis treatment withdrawal may be safely accomplished without liver-biopsy guidance

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Gastroenterology Report 2018年第4期6卷 284-290,I0002页

作者： john Guirguis Yilien Alonso Rocio Lopez william.Carey Department of Internal Medicine Blake Medical CenterBradentonFLUSA Department of Gastroenterology Ochsner Health SystemNew OrleansLAUSA Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Digestive Disease Institute Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA

Background:Autoimmune hepatitis may flare up after treatment withdrawal,especially in those who had not achieved histological remission but had normal liver *** European Association for the Study of the Liver(EASL)and the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease(AASLD)Guidelines recommend performing liver biopsy before treatment *** aim of the study is to define the outcome of treatment withdrawal in adults with wellcontrolled disease for 2 years with and without liver-biopsy ***:A retrospective observational study was conducted on biopsy-proven autoimmune hepatitis patients who were treated for 2 years and with persistently normal aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)or nearly so for 6 months prior to treatment *** were:juvenile onset autoimmune hepatitis and prior treatment or use of agents other than corticosteroids and *** primary endpoint was to define freedomfrom flare-ups for 1 year after treatment ***:Thirty-four consecutive subjectsmeeting study criteria were *** withdrawal was accomplished in 24 subjects without liver-biopsy guidance and 10 had pre-treatment withdrawal liver ***,immunosuppressive usage,pre-treatment cirrhosis and pre-treatment liver enzymes were similar between the two groups,and 25%had an enzyme flare-up within 12months after treatment withdrawal,which was similar in the two groups(20.8 vs 30.0%,P=0.57).Conclusions:Adults with autoimmune hepatitis and excellent response to therapy for 2 years are candidates for treatment withdrawal without the need for liver biopsy.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis liver biopsy treatment withdrawal liver enzyme

Spectral signatures of hydrilla from a tank and field setting

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第4期6卷 453-460页

作者： Alfonso BLANCO john J. QU william.E. ROPER George Mason University College of Science Department of Geography and Geoinforrnation Sciences 4400 University Drive Fairfax VA 22030 USA

The invasion of hydrilla in many waterways has caused significant problems resulting in high main- tenance costs for eradicating this invasive aquatic weed. Present identification methods employed for detecting hydrilla invasions such as aerial photography and videos are difficult, costly, and time consuming. Remote sensing has been used for assessing wetlands and other aquatic vegetation, but very little information is available for detecting hydrilla invasions in coastal estuaries and other water bodies. The objective of this study is to construct a library of spectral signatures for identifying and classifying hydrilla invasions. Spectral signatures of hydrilla were collected from an experimental tank and field locations in a coastal estuary in the upper Chesapeake Bay. These measurements collected from the experimental tank, resulted in spectral signatures with an average peak surface reflectance in the near-infrared （NIR） region of 16% at a wavelength of 818 nm. However, the spectral measure- ments, collected in the estuary, resulted in a very different spectral signature with two surface reflectance peaks of 6% at wavelengths of 725 nm and 818 nm. The difference in spectral signatures between sites are a result of the components in the water column in the estuary because of increased turbidity （e.g., nutrients, dissolved matter and suspended matter）, and canopy being lower （submerged） in the water column. Spectral signatures of hydrilla observed in the tank and the field had similar characteristics with low reflectance in visible region of the spectrum from 400 to 700 nm, but high in the NIR region from 700 to 900 nm.

关键词： Chesapeake Bay hydrilla spectral library spectral signatures near-infrared NDVI

Mass asymmetry and tricyclic wobble motion assessment using automated launch video analysis

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 113-116页

作者： Ryan DECKER Joseph DONINI william.GARDNER Jobin john Walter KOENIG Armaments Research Design and Engineering CenterPicatinny Arsenal

This paper describes an approach to identify epicyclic and tricyclic motion during projectile flight caused by mass asymmetries in spinstabilized projectiles. Flight video was captured following projectile launch of several M110A2E1 155 mm artillery projectiles. These videos were then analyzed using the automated flight video analysis method to attain their initial position and orientation *** of the pitch and yaw histories clearly indicates that in addition to epicyclic motion's nutation and precession oscillations, an even faster wobble amplitude is present during each spin revolution, even though some of the amplitudes of the oscillation are smaller than 0.02 *** results are compared to a sequence of shots where little appreciable mass asymmetries were present, and only nutation and precession frequencies are predominantly apparent in the motion history results. Magnitudes of the wobble motion are estimated and compared to product of inertia measurements of the asymmetric projectiles.

关键词：弹丸质量视频分析摆动运动不对称性自动启动三环评估行星运动

Modulation of Root Signals in Relation to Stomatal Sensitivity to Root-sourced Abscisic Acid in Drought-affected Plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第10期49卷 1410-1420页

作者： Huibo Ren Kaifa Wei Wensuo Jia william.john Davies Jianhua Zhang College of Agronomy and Biotechnology State Key Laboratory of Plat Physiology and Biochemistry China Agricultural UniversityBeijing China100094 Department of Biological Sciences Lancaster Environment Centre University of Lancaster Lancaster LAl4YQ.UK Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China

Stomatal sensitivity to root signals induced by soil drying may vary between environments and plant species. This is likely to be a result of the interactions and modulations ámong root signals. As a stress signal, abscisic acid （ABA） plays a central role in root to shoot signaling, pH and hydraulic signals may interact with ABA signals and thus, jointly regulate stomatal responses to changed soil water status, pH itself can be modified by several factors, among which the chemical compositions in the xylem stream and the live cells surrounding the vessels play crucial roles. In addition to the xylem pH, more attention should be paid to the direct modulation of leaf apoplastic pH, because many chemical compositions might strongly modify the leaf apoplastic pH while having no significant effect on the xylem pH. The direct modulation of the ABA signal intensity may be more important for the regulation of stomatal responses to soil drying than the ABA signal per se. The ABA signal is also regulated by the ABA catabolism and the supply of precursors to the roots if a sustained root to shoot communication of soil drying operates at the whole plant level. More importantly, ABA catabolism could play crucial roles in the determination of the fate of the ABA signal and thereby control the stomatal behavior of the root-sourced ABA signal.

关键词： abscisic acid drought pH root signal stomatal sensitivity

Tolerance to individual and joint effects of arsenic and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, israelensis or Lysinibacillus sphaericus in Culex mosquitoes

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Insect Science 2014年第4期21卷 477-485页

作者： Christina L. Mogren william.E. Walton john T. Trumble Department of Entomology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

Arsenic contamination of global water supplies has come to the forefront in policy decisions in recent decades. However, the effects of arsenic on lower trophic levels of insects inhabiting contaminated ecosystems are not well understood. One approach to document both acute and sublethal effects of toxicants like arsenic is to assay them in combination with microbial pathogens to evaluate shifts in survival curves of the test organisms. Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tarsalis were reared in water containing 0 or 1 000μg/L of arsenate or arsenite. Fourth instars were then exposed to a range of doses of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, israelensis （Bti） or Lysinibacillus sphaericus （Ls）, with shifts in lethal concentrations determined. Arsenic accumulation in 4th instars was also quantified, and a relative growth index （RGI） calculated for the treatments and compared to controls. Larvae of both species accumulated between 4 447 ± 169 ng As/g and 6 983 4- 367 ng As/g, though RGI values indicated accumulation did not affect growth and development. In all cases, the LC50＇s and LC90＇s of Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed jointly with arsenic and Bti/Ls were higher than Cx. tarsafis. Cx. tarsafis reared in arsenite showed a significant reduction in their Bti LC90 values compared to the control, indicating a sublethal effect of Bti. When exposed jointly with Ls, arsenite was more toxic than arsenate in Cx. tarsalis. Overall, these results indicate tolerance of these Culex species to arsenic exposures, and why this may occur is discussed.

关键词： arsenate arsenite Bsph Bti Culex tarsalis Culex quinquefasciatus

Development and clinical trial of a novel bioactive bone cement

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Frontiers of Medicine 2008年第2期2卷 117-126页

作者： john CY LEONG Zhaoyang LI william.W LU The Open University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR.China Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology The University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR.China

Strontium(Sr)and related compounds have become more attractive in the prevention and treatment of ***,we developed a novel bioactive bone cement which is mainly composed of strontium-con-taining hydroxyapatite(Sr-HA)filler and bisphenol A diglycidylether dimethacrylate(Bis-GMA)*** bone cement is superior to conventional polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)bone cement in bioactivity,biocompatibility,and *** also has shown sufficient mechanical strength properties for its use in percutaneous vertebro-plasty(PVP)and total hip replacement(THR).In this paper,we review the in vitro,in vivo and clinical evidence for the effectiveness of this bioactive bone cement.

关键词： Strontium osteoporosis bioactive bone cement vertebroplasty total hip replacement

Current Therapeutics in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第5期11卷 1267-1281页

作者： Natassia Tan john Lubel william.Kemp Stuart Roberts Ammar Majeed Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Alfred HealthCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia

Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)is an orphan,cholestatic liver disease that is characterized by inflammatory biliary strictures with variable progression to end-stage liver *** pathophysiology is poorly *** biliary inflammation is likely driven by immune dysregulation,gut dysbiosis,and environmental exposures resulting in gutliver crosstalk and bile acid metabolism *** is no proven medical therapy that alters disease progression in PSC,with the commonly prescribed ursodeoxycholic acid being shown to improve liver biochemistry at low-moderate doses(15–23 mg/kg/day)but not alter transplant-free survival or liver-related *** transplantation is the only option for patients who develop end-stage liver disease or refractory complications of *** and antifibrotic agents have not proven to be effective,but there is promise for manipulation of the gut microbiome with fecal microbiota transplantation and *** acid manipulation via alternate synthetic bile acids such as norursodeoxycholic acid,or interaction at a transcriptional level via nuclear receptor agonists and fibrates have shown potential in phase II trials in PSC with several leading to larger phase III *** view of the enhanced malignancy risk,statins,and aspirin show potential for reducing the risk of colorectal cancer and cholangiocarcinoma in PSC *** patients who develop clinically relevant strictures with cholestatic symptoms and worsening liver function,balloon dilatation is safer compared with biliary stent insertion with equivalent clinical efficacy.

关键词： Primary sclerosing cholangitis Bile acid Microbiome 24-Norursodeoxycholic acid Farnesoid X receptor agonists Liver transplant