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Qidong: a crucible for studies on liver cancer etiology and prevention

Cancer Biology & Medicine 2019年第1期16卷 24-37页

作者： Jianguo Chen Jian Zhu Gaoren wang john D.Groopman Thomas w.Kensler Department of Epidemiology Qidong Liver Cancer Institute Department of Epidemiology Tumor Hospital Nantong University Department of Environmental Health and Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Public Health sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Qidong(Jiangsu, China) has been of interest to cancer epidemiologists and biologists because, until recently, it was an endemic area for liver cancer, having amongst the highest incidence rates in the world. The establishment of the Qidong Cancer Registry together with the Qidong Liver Cancer Institute in 1972 has charted the patterns of liver cancer incidence and mortality in a stable population throughout a period of enormous economic, social, and environmental changes as well as of improvements in health care delivery. Updated incidence trends in Qidong are described. Notably, the China age-standardized incidence rate for liver cancer has dropped by over 50% in the past several decades. Molecular epidemiologic and genomic deep sequencing studies have affirmed that infection with hepatitis B virus as well as dietary exposure to aflatoxins through contamination of dietary staples such as corn, and to microcystins–blue-green algal toxins found in ditch and pond water – were likely important etiologic factors that account for the high incidence of liver cancer in this region. Public health initiatives to facilitate universal vaccination of newborns against HBV and to improve drinking water sources in this rural area, as well as economic and social mandates serendipitously facilitating dietary diversity, have led to precipitous declines in exposures to these etiologic factors, concomitantly driving substantive declines in the liver cancer incidence seen now in Qidong. In this regard, Qidong serves as a template for the global impact that a package of intervention strategies may exert on cancer burden.

关键词： Liver cancer incidence hepatitis B virus aflatoxin microcystin screening chemoprevention mutational signature

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Hepatitis B and C infection and liver disease trends among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第14期17卷 1807-1816页

作者： Susan E Buskin Elizabeth A Barash john D scott David M Aboulafia Robert w wood Public Health-Seattle and King County WA 98104United States University of washington SeattleWA 98195United States Harborview Medical Center SeattleWA 98104United States Virginia Mason Medical Center SeattleWA 98101United States

AIM:To examine trends in and correlates of liver disease and viral hepatitis in an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cohort. METHODS:The multi-site adult/adolescent spectrum of HIV-related diseases (ASD) followed 29 490 HIVinfected individuals receiving medical care in 11 U.S. metropolitan areas for an average of 2.4 years,and a total of 69 487 person-years,between 1998 and 2004. ASD collected data on the presentation,treatment,and outcomes of HIV,including liver disease,hepatitis screening,and hepatitis diagnoses. RESULTS:Incident liver disease,chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV),and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were diagnosed in 0.9,1.8,and 4.7 per 100 person-years. HBV and HCV screening increased from fewer than 20% to over 60% during this period of observation (P with liver disease relative to 15% overall (P with a diagnosis of liver disease. Despite care guidelines promoting screening and vaccination for HBV and screening for HCV,screening and vaccination were not universally conducted or,if conducted,not documented. CONCLUSION:Due to high rates of incident liver disease,viral hepatitis screening,vaccination,and treatment among HIV-infected individuals should be a priority.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Liver disease

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Plant growth in a fragmented forest is a consequence of top-down and bottom-up processes, but not their interaction

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 601-609页

作者： Brad J.Farmilo john w.Morgan Dale G.Nimmo Department of Ecology Environment and EvolutionLa Trobe University1 Kingsbury DriveBundooraVictoria 3086Australia Department of Environment LandWater and PlanningArthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research123 Brown StreetHeidelbergVictoria 3084Australia Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin University221 Burwood HighwayBurwoodVictoria 3125Australia Institute for Land Water and SocietySchool of Environmental ScienceCharles Sturt University1 Elizabeth Mitchell DriveAlburyNew South Wales 2640Australia

Aims Habitat loss and fragmentation are the leading causes of global biodiversity *** fragmentation(leading to edge effects,increased isolation and declining habitat size)interacts with top-down processes like vertebrate herbivory,an important driver of vegetation structure and composition in many ecosystems,is poorly *** between fragmentation and changes in her-bivory may exacerbate their individual influences on plant growth,with implications for management of native plant communities within fragmented *** examined the effects of habitat fragmentation on herbivore activity,and also how both fragmen-tation and mammalian herbivory influence growth of understorey plant *** This study was conducted at the wog wog habitat fragmentation experiment,located in south-eastern New South wales,*** use herbivore exclusion plots across an experimentally frag-mented landscape to assess the interactive effects of fragmenta-tion and herbivory on the growth of four plant species that vary in growth form and rarity in the *** Findings we observed species-specific responses to both herbivory and fragmentation,but no additive or interactive effects between these *** show that a reduction in herbivore activity within frag-ments does not correspond with an increase in plant growth,even for the most palatable ***,top-down processes continue to operate across the fragmented *** changes in habitat conditions within fragments appear to negatively influence both plant growth and mammalian herbivore activity,it is likely that alterations to bottom-up effects(***)may be more important than top-down effects(***)for the spe-cies under *** species-specific response of plants to herbivory or fragmentation may have implications for temporal and spatial population persistence in fragmented landscapes and ulti-mately fragment vegetation structure.

关键词： wog wog habitat fragmentation experiment Pinus radiata herbivory understorey plants plantation eucalypt

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Upper range limit establishment after wildfire of an obligateseeding montane forest tree fails to keep pace with 20th century warming

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第2期11卷 200-207页

作者： john w.Morgan James D.Vincent James S.Camac Research Centre for Applied Alpine Ecology Department of EcologyEnvironment and EvolutionLa Trobe UniversityKingsbury DriveBundooraVIC 3086Australia Department of Biological sciences Macquarie UniversityBalaclava RoadNorth RydeNew South Wales 2109Australia

Aims How species respond to climate change at local scales will depend on how edaphic and biological characteristics interact with species physiological limits and traits such as *** seeders,those species that depend on fire for recruitment,have few and epi-sodic opportunities to track a changing climate *** such cases,long-distance seed dispersal will be necessary to take advan-tage of rare recruitment *** examine recruitment patterns and seedling growth below,at and above the timberline of an obligate-seeding Australian montane forest tree(Eucalyptus delegatensis)after stand-replacing fire,and place these changes in the context of regional *** we use two methods to detect whether *** can estab-lish and persist above the timberline after stand-replacing wildfire in montane forests in south-east ***,we examine estab-lishment patterns by using belt transects at six sites to quantify how changes in post-fire recruit density with increasing distance above the timberline seven years ***,to determine whether dispersal or physiological constraints determine post-fire establish-ment patterns,we transplanted seedlings and saplings into bare ground above(100 m elevation),at,and below(50 m elevation)timberline 18-months after *** monitored seedling growth and survival for one growing *** Findings There was minimal upslope migration of the species after fire with most saplings observed near seed-bearing timberline trees,with only occasional outpost *** seedlings and saplings sur-vived equally well across one growing season when planted above existing timberlines,relative to saplings at or below the *** and sapling growth rates also did not differ across these location,although seedlings grew at much faster rates than *** findings suggest that upslope growing season conditions are unlikely to limit initial range expansion of trees aft

关键词： climate change dispersal limitation growth rates regeneration niche timberline

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Nucleotide sequence conservation of novel and established cis-regulatory sites within the tyrosine hydroxylase gene promoter

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Frontiers in Biology 2015年第1期10卷 74-90页

作者： Meng wANG Kasturi BANERJEE Harriet BAKER john w. CAVE Burke Medical Research Institute White Plains NY 10605 USA weill Cornell Medical College Brain and Mind Research Institute NY 10065 USA

Tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） is the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis and its gene proximal promoter （〈 1 kb upstream from the transcription start site） is essential for regulating transcription in both the developing and adult nervous systems. Several putative regulatory elements within the TH proximal promoter have been reported, but evolutionary conservation of these dements has not been thoroughly investigated. Since many vertebrate species are used to model development, function and disorders of human catecholaminergic neurons, identifying evolutionarily conserved transcription regulatory mechanisms is a high priority. In this study, we align TH proximal promoter nucleotide sequences from several vertebrate species to identify evolutionarUy conserved motifs. This analysis identified three elements （a TATA box, cyclic AMP response element （CRE） and a 5＇-GGTGG-3＇ site） that constitute the core of an ancient vertebrate TH promoter. Focusing on only eutherian mammals, two regions of high conservation within the proximal promoter were identified： a -250 bp region adjacent to the transcription start site and a -85 bp region located approximately 350 bp further upstream. within both regions, conservation of previously reported cis-regulatory motifs and human single nucleotide variants was evaluated. Transcription reporter assays in a TH-expressing cell line demonstrated the functionality of highly conserved motifs in the proximal promoter regions and electromobility shift assays showed that brain-region specific complexes assemble on these motifs. These studies also identified a non-canonical CRE binding （CREB） protein recognition element in the proximal promoter. Together, these studies provide a detailed analysis of evolutionary conservation within the TH promoter and identify potential cisregulatory motifs that underlie a core set of regulatory mechanisms in mammals.

关键词： catecholamine dopamine transcription evolution

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An Update to Hepatobiliary Stents

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2015年第1期3卷 67-77页

作者： Brian T.Moy john w.Birk Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington CT USA

Endoscopic stent placement is a common primary management therapy for benign and malignant biliary ***,continuous use of stents is limited by occlusion and *** technology has evolved significantly over the past two decades to reduce these *** purpose of this article is to review current guidelines in managing malignant and benign biliary obstructions,current endoscopic techniques for stent placement,and emerging stent *** began as a simple plastic stent technology has evolved significantly to include uncovered,partially covered,and fully covered self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) as well as magnetic,bioabsorbable,drug-eluting,and antireflux stents.

关键词： Biliary obstruction Stent Hepatobiliary malignancy Liver hilum

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pH modeling for maximum dissolved organic matter removal by enhanced coagulation

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2012年第2期24卷 276-283页

作者： Jiankun Xie Dongsheng wang john van Leeuwen Yanmei Zhao Linan Xing Christopher w. K. Chow State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China SA water Centre for water Management and Reuse NBE Universit of South Australia Australia Australian water Quality Centre SA Water 250 Victoria Square Adelaide SA 5000 Australia

Correlations between raw water characteristics and pH after enhanced coagulation to maximize dissolved organic matter（DOM） removal using four typical coagulants（FeCl3,Al2（SO4）3,polyaluminum chloride（PACl） and high performance polyaluminum chloride（HPAC）） without pH control were *** correlations were analyzed on the basis of the raw water quality and the chemical and physical fractionations of DOM of thirteen Chinese source waters over three *** was found that the final pH after enhanced coagulation for each of the four coagulants was in？uenced by the content of removable DOM（*** and higher apparent molecular weight（AMw） DOM）,the alkalinity and the initial pH of raw water.A set of feed-forward semi-empirical models relating the final pH after enhanced coagulation for each of the four coagulants with the raw water characteristics were developed and optimized based on correlation *** established models were preliminarily validated for prediction purposes,and it was found that the deviation between the predicted data and actual data was *** result demonstrated the potential for the application of these models in practical operation of drinking water treatment plants.

关键词： enhanced coagulation modeling DOM fractionation pH control

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Fungal-derived selenium nanoparticles and their potential applications in electroless silver coatings for preventing pin-tract infections

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2022年第1期9卷 41-51页

作者： Xinjin Liang Shuai Zhang Geoffrey Michael Gadd john McGrath David w.Rooney Qi Zhao The Bryden Centre School of Chemical and Chemistry EngineeringQueen’s University BelfastUniveristy RoadBelfast BT71NNUK Geomicrobiology Group School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDow StreetDundee DD15EHUK school of Pharmacy Queen’s University BelfastLisburn RoadBelfast BT97BLUK State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution ControlCollege of Chemical Engineering and EnvironmentChina University of Petroleum18 Fuxue RoadChangping DistrictBeijing 102249China school of Biological sciences Queen’s University BelfastChlorine GardensBelfast BT95DLUK school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen’s University BelfastStranmillis RoadBelfast BT95AGUK school of science and Engineering University of DundeeNethergateDundee DD14HNUK

Pin-tract infections(PTIs)are a common complication of external fixation of fractures and current strategies for preventing PTIs have proven to be *** advances show that the use of anti-infection coatings with local antibacterial activity may solve this *** has been considered as a promising anti-infection agent owing to its antibacterial and antibiofilm *** this study,selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)were synthesized via a cost-effective fungi-mediated biorecovery approach and demonstrated excellent stability and *** investigate their anti-infection potential,the SeNPs were doped in silver coatings through an electroless plating process and the silver–selenium(Ag–Se)coatings were tested for antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against Staphylococcus aureus F1557 and Escherichia coli wT F1693 as well as corrosion resistance in simulated body *** was found that the Ag–Se coating significantly inhibited *** growth and biofilm formation on the surface,reducing 81.2%and 59.7%of viable bacterial adhesion when compared with Ag and Ag–PTFE-coated surfaces after 3 *** Ag–Se coating also exhibited improved corrosion resistance compared with the Ag coating,leading to a controlled release of Ag^(+),which in turn reduced the risk of cytotoxicity against *** results suggest that the fungal-derived SeNPs may have potential in use as implant coatings to prevent PTIs.

关键词： infection coating silver selenium fungi

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An infertile male with dilated seminal vesicles due to functional obstruction

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第2期19卷 256-257页

作者： Michael D Font Alexander w Pastuszak john R Case Larry I Lipshult Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA Center for Reproductive Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA scott Department of Urology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA Urology San Antonio San Antonio TX 78229 USA

Dear Editor, The patient is a 45-year-old male who presented to an outside clinic in 2014 for evaluation of painful ejaculation, infertility, and difficulty with urination for as long as he could remember. He reported no past significant medical or surgical history and no family history of infertility. He was given a trial of tamsulosin without improvement in his symptoms. Initial semen analysis demonstrated azoospermia.

关键词： infertile male dilated seminal vesicles due functional obstruction

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Suppressor of Runnerless Encodes a DELLA Protein that Controls Runner Formation for A=sexual Reproduction in Strawberry

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Molecular Plant 2018年第1期11卷 230-233页

作者： Julie C. Caruana john w. Sittmann wanpeng wang Zhongchi Liu Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA

Dear Editor, Strawberry is an economically important fruit crop contributing to human nutrition and agricultural output. The commercial success of this fruit crop is due in part to its asexual propagation through runn...

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