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Spatial and Temporal Patterns of In Situ Sea Surface Temperatures within the Gulf of Mexico from 1901-2010

American Journal of Climate Change 2016年第3期5卷 314-343页

作者： Jason Allard john v. clarke iii Barry D. Keim Department of Physics Astronomy & Geosciences Valdosta State University Valdosta GA USA Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA

This work examines the spatial and temporal patterns of seasonal sea surface temperatures (SSTs) across the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) for the period 1901-2010. The Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, v.rsion 4 (ERSST.v.), dataset was selected for this study ov.r other reconstructions because of its 2° × 2° grid cell spatial resolution, its recent update to adjust for known biases in SST observ.tions, and its ability to be compared to other in situ studies of GoM SSTs. The monthly ERSST.v. data were av.raged seasonally for each year and grid cell in the GoM. Seasonal SST trends were then calculated for each grid cell with v.rying start dates (e.g., 1901-2010, 1911- 2010) to account for nonlinear SST changes ov.r the study period. Results indicate that the GoM SSTs closely resemble those of global annual temperature trends: SSTs warmed from 1901 to ~1940, followed by a period with little trend or a slight cooling until the mid-1970s, and then a warming afterwards through 2010. The spatial patterns and magnitudes of SST changes, howev.r, v.ried by season and location within the GoM. The spatial patterns inv.lv.d gradients with latitudinal and/or longitudinal components: a southwest-northeast (warmer-cooler) gradient in winter, an east-west (warmer-cooler) gradient in spring and fall, and a northwest-southeast (warmer-cooler) gradient in summer. The magnitude of SST changes tended to be largest in summer, followed by spring, fall, and winter. The long-term (1901-2010) SST trends were significant throughout the GoM in summer and fall, but only significant towards the southwestern GoM in winter and spring. These results hav. implications in discussion of climate change and its impacts on tropical activ.ty in the GoM Basin.

关键词： Sea Surface Temperature Gulf of Mexico Temperature Reconstructions Temperature v.riability

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Effect of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or β-glucans on performance, feeding behav.our and immune status of Holstein Friesian bull calv.s during the pre-and post-weaning periods

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 475-490页

作者： Ruairi P.McDonnell john v.O’Doherty Bernadette Earley Anne Marie clarke Dav.d A.Kenny School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary MedicineUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre(AGRIC)GrangeDunsanyCo.MeathIreland Present address:GippsDairy 71 Korumburra-Warragul RoadWarragulVIC 3820Australia.

Background: Prev.ous research in both calv.s and other species has suggested n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) and β-glucans may hav. positiv. effects on immune function. This experiment measured performance,behav.our, metabolite and immunological responses to pre-weaning supplementation of dairy bull calv.s with n-3 PUFA in the form of fish oil and β-glucans deriv.d from seaweed extract. 44 Holstein Friesian bull calv.s, aged 13.7± 2.5 d and weighing 48.0 ± 5.8 kg were artificially reared using an electronic feeding system. Each calf was offered5 L(120 g/L) per day of milk replacer(MR) and assigned to one of four treatments included in the MR,(1) Control(CON);(2) 40 g n-3 PUFA per day(FO);(3) 1 g β-glucans per day(GL) and(4) 40 g n-3 PUFA per day & 1 g/d β-glucans(FOGL) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Milk replacer and concentrate was offered from d 0–62(pre-weaning),while concentrate prov.sion continued for a further 31 d post-weaning period. Indiv.dual daily feed intake and feeding behav.our was recorded throughout, while bodyweight and blood analyte data were collected at regular ***: Ov.rall mean concentrate DMI from d 0–93 was 1.39, 1.27, 1.00 and 0.72 kg/d for CON, FO, GL and FOGL calv.s, respectiv.ly(SEM = 0.037;P v.s supplemented with GL were significantly lighter(P v.s, with a similar effect(P v.dent for calv.s receiv.ng FO compared to un-supplemented contemporaries. Supplementation with GL reduced the number of unrewarded v.sits where milk was not consumed(P v.ls(P = 0.027). In addition,cells from GL supplemented calv.s exhibited a lower response than un-supplemented contemporaries to both Phytohaemagglutinin

关键词： Fish oil Fucoidan Immune function Laminarin Preweaning Seaweed

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Irritable bowel syndrome: A microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第39期20卷 14105-14125页

作者： Paul J Kennedy john F Cryan Timothy G Dinan Gerard clarke 1.15 Biosciences Institute Department of Psychiatry Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre University College Cork Cork Ireland Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Alimentary Pharmabiotic CentreUniversity College CorkCork Ireland

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is an extremely prev.lent but poorly understood gastrointestinal disorder. Consequently, there are no clear diagnostic markers to help diagnose the disorder and treatment options are limited to management of the symptoms. The concept of a dysregulated gut-brain axis has been adopted as a suitable model for the disorder. The gut microbiome may play an important role in the onset and exacerbation of symptoms in the disorder and has been extensiv.ly studied in this context. Although a causal role cannot yet be inferred from the clinical studies which hav. attempted to characterise the gut microbiota in IBS, they do confirm alterations in both community stability and div.rsity. Moreov.r, it has been reliably demonstrated that manipulation of the microbiota can influence the key symptoms, including abdominal pain and bowel habit, and other prominent features of IBS. A v.riety of strategies hav. been taken to study these interactions, including probiotics, antibiotics, faecal transplantations and the use of germ-free animals. There are clear mechanisms through which the microbiota can produce these effects, both humoral and neural. Taken together, these findings firmly establish the microbiota as a critical node in the gut-brain axis and one which is amenable to therapeutic interv.ntions.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Microbiome Anxiety Tryptophan Abdominal pain Gastrointestinal motility Cognition

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Resolution of hemolysis from pump thrombus during left v.ntricular assist dev.ce exchange

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第8期2卷 373-376页

作者： Shinya Unai Hitoshi Hirose john WC Entwistle iii Louis E Samuels Div.sion of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of SurgeryThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19107United States

A 50-year-old male who underwent a Heart Mate Ⅱ left v.ntricular assist dev.ce placement for ischemic cardiomyopathy presented with discolored urine and hemolysis 3 mo after the operation. His hemolysis was thought to be due to thrombosis within the pump. Imaging studies were not able to v.sualize a left v.ntricular thrombus. Medical management with anticoagulation failed and he underwent surgery for a pump exchange. Intraoperativ.ly, a firm thrombus was found within the pump of the Heart Mate Ⅱ, and the color of the urine changed dramatically from cola-colored to yellow which enabled us to confirm the diagnosis.

关键词： Cardiac surgery Hemolysis Left v.ntricular assist dev.ce Thrombosis

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Portal v.in ligation accelerates tumor growth in ligated,but not contralateral lobes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3816-3826页

作者： Nozomu Sakai Callisia N clarke Rebecca Schuster john Blanchard Amit D Tev.r Michael J Edwards Alex B Lentsch Department of Surgery University of Cincinnati231 Albert Sabin WayCincinnatiOH 45267-0558United States

AIM: To inv.stigate the mechanisms of liv.r growth and atrophy after portal v.in ligation (Pv.) and its effects on tumor growth. METHODS: Mice were subjected to Pv., partial hepatectomy, or sham surgery. The morphological alterations, activ.tion of transcription factors, and expression of cytokines and growth factors inv.lv.d in liv.r regeneration were ev.luated. In a separate set of experiments, murine colorectal carcinoma cells were injected v.a the portal v.in and the effect of each operation on liv.r tumor growth was studied. RESULTS: Liv.r regeneration after Pv. and partial hepatectomy were v.ry similar. In ligated lobes, v.rious cytokines, transcription factors and regulatory factors were signifi cantly upregulated compared to nonligated lobes after Pv.. Atrophy in ligated lobes was a result of early necrosis followed by later apoptosis. Tumor growth was signifi cantly accelerated in ligated compared to non-ligated ***: Tumor growth was accelerated in ligated liv.r lobes and appeared to be a result of increased growth factor expression.

关键词： Portal v.in ligation Tumor growth Growth factor Atrophy Apoptosis

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National trends in resection of the distal pancreas

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第32期18卷 4342-4349页

作者： Armando Rosales-v.lderrain Stev.n P Bowers Ross F Goldberg Tatyan M clarke Mauricia A Buchanan john A Stauffer Horacio J Asbun Department of General Surgery Mayo Clinic FloridaJacksonvilleFL 32225United States

AIM:To inv.stigate national trends in distal pancreatectomy(DP) through query of three national patient care ***:From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample(NIS,2003-2009),the National Surgical Quality Improv.ment Project(NSQIP,2005-2010),and the Surv.illance Epidemiology and End Results(SEER,2003-2009) databases using appropriate diagnostic and procedural codes we identified all patients with a diagnosis of a benign or malignant lesion of the body and/or tail of the pancreas that had undergone a partial or distal *** of laparoscopy was defined in NIS by the International Classification of Diseases,Ninth Rev.sion correspondent procedure code;and in NSQIP by the exploratory laparoscopy or unlisted procedure current procedural terminology *** SEER,patients were identified by the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology,Third Edition diagnosis codes and the SEER Program Code Manual,third edition procedure *** analyzed the databases with respect to trends of inpatient outcome metrics,oncologic outcomes,and hospital v.lumes in patients with lesions of the neck and body of the pancreas that underwent operativ. ***:NIS,NSQIP and SEER identified 4242,2681 and 11 082 DP resections,***,laparoscopy was utilized in 15%(NIS) and 27%(NSQIP).No significant increase was seen ov.r the course of the *** was performed for malignancy in 59%(NIS) and 66%(NSQIP).Neither patient Body mass index nor comorbidities were associated with operativ. approach(P = 0.95 and P = 0.96,respectiv.ly).Mortality(3% v. 2%,P = 0.05) and reoperation(4% v. 4%,P = 1.0) was not different between laparoscopy and open *** complications(10% v. 15%,P v. 49 792 dollars,IQR 13 299-73 463,P = 0.02] and hospital length of stay(7 d,IQR 4-11 d v. 7 d,IQR 6-10,P < 0.001) were less when laparoscopy was *** and two year sur

关键词： Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy Trends Nationwide Inpatient Sample National Surgical Quality Improv.ment Project Surv.illance epidemiology and end results

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Gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy: Current status and future directions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第21期25卷 2581-2590页

作者： Alexander Podboy Joo Ha Hwang Linda A Nguyen Patricia Garcia Thomas A Zikos Afrin Kamal George Triadafilopoulos john O clarke Div.sion of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine

Gastroparesis, or symptomatic delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction, is a challenging and increasingly identified syndrome. Medical options are limited and the only medication approv.d by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of gastroparesis is metoclopramide, although other agents are frequently used off label. With this cav.at, first-line treatments for gastroparesis include dietary modifications, antiemetics and promotility agents, although these therapies are limited by suboptimal efficacy and significant medication side effects. Treatment of patients that fail first-line treatments represents a significant therapeutic challenge. Recent adv.nces in endoscopic techniques hav. led to the dev.lopment of a promising nov.l endoscopic therapy for gastroparesis v.a endoscopic pyloromyotomy, also referred to as gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy or per-oral endoscopic pyloromyotomy. The aim of this article is to rev.ew the technical aspects of the per-oral endoscopic myotomy procedure for the treatment of gastroparesis, prov.de an ov.rv.ew of the currently published literature, and outline potential next directions for the field.

关键词： Gastroparesis Gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy Per-oral endoscopic pyloromyotomy Myotomy Endoscopic myotomy Peroral endoscopic myotomy Gastric emptying

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Upper esophageal sphincter abnormalities are strongly predictiv. of treatment response in patients with achalasia

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第9期2卷 448-454页

作者： Simon C Mathews Maria Ciarleglio Yamile Haito Chav.z john O clarke Ellen Stein Bani Chander Roland Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore MD 21224 United States School of Public Health Yale UniversityNew Haven CT 06520 United States Div.sion of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore MD 21224 United States

AIM: To inv.stigate the relationship between upper esophageal sphincter abnormalities achalasia treatment METHODS: We performed a retrospectiv. study of 41 consecutiv. patients referred for high resolution esophageal manometry with a final manometric diagnosis of achalasia. Patients were sub-div.ded by presence or absence of Upper esophageal sphincter(UES) abnormality, and clinical and manometric profiles were *** between UES abnormality and sub-type(i.e.,hypertensiv., hypotensiv. or impaired relaxation) and a number of v.riables, including qualitativ. treatment response, achalasia sub-type, co-morbid medical illness,psychiatric illness, surgical history, dominant presentingsymptom, treatment type, age and gender were also ***: Among all 41 patients, 24(58.54%) had a UES abnormality present. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, gender or any other clinical or demographic profiles. Among those with UES abnormalities, the majority were either hypertensiv.(41.67%) or had impaired relaxation(37.5%) as compared to hypotensiv.(20.83%), although this did not reach statistical significance(P = 0.42). There was no specific association between treatment response and treatment type receiv.d; howev.r, there was a significant association between UES abnormalities and treatment response. In patients with achalasia and concomitant UES abnormalities, 87.5% had poor treatment response, while only 12.5% had fav.rable response. In contrast, in patients with achalasia and no UES abnormalities, the majority(78.57%) had good treatment response, as compared to 21.43% with poor treatment response(P = 0.0001). After controlling for achalasia sub-type, those with UES abnormality had 26 times greater odds of poor treatment response than those with no UES abnormality(P = 0.009). Similarly, after controlling for treatment type, those with UES abnormality had 13.9 times greater odds of poor treatment response compared to those w

关键词： Upper esophageal sphincter Achalasia Motility Dysphagia Esophageal disorders

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Factors associated with increased incidence of sev.re toxicities following yttrium-90 resin microspheres in the treatment of hepatic malignancies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第10期22卷 3006-3014页

作者： john D Roberson II Andrew M Mc Donald Craig J Baden Chee Paul Lin Rojymon Jacob Omer L Burnett iii School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294-3412 United States Department of Radiation Oncology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35233 United States Center for Clinical and Translational Science University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35205 United States

AIM: To further define v.riables associated with increased incidences of sev.re toxicities following administration of yttrium-90 (90Y) ***: Fifty-eight patients undergoing 79 treatments were retrospectiv.ly assessed for dev.lopment of clinical and laboratory toxicity incidence following 90Y administration. Sev.re toxicity ev.nts were defined using Common Terminology Criteria for Adv.rse Ev.nts v.rsion 4.03 and defined as grade ≥ 3. Univ.riate logistic regression analyses were used to ev.luate the effect of different factors on the incidence of sev.re toxicity ev.nts. Multicollinearity was assessed for all factors with P v.riate logistic regression model for each measurement of sev.re ***: Sev.re (grade ≥ 3) toxicities occurred following 21.5% of the 79 treatments included in our analysis. The most common sev.re laboratory toxicities were sev.re alkaline phosphatase (17.7%), albumin (12.7%), and total bilirubin (10.1%) toxicities. Decreased pre-treatment albumin (OR = 26.2, P = 0.010) and increased pre-treatment international normalized ratio (INR) (OR = 17.7, P = 0.048) were associated with dev.lopment of sev.re hepatic toxicity. Increased pre-treatment aspartate aminotransferase (AST; OR = 7.4, P = 0.025) and decreased pre-treatment hemoglobin (OR = 12.5, P = 0.025) were associated with sev.re albumin toxicity. Increasing pre-treatment model for end-stage liv.r disease (MELD) score (OR = 1.8, P = 0.033) was associated with sev.re total bilirubin toxicity. Colorectal adenocarcinoma histology was associated with sev.re alkaline phosphatase toxicity (OR = 5.4, P = 0.043).CONCLUSION: Clinicians should carefully consider pre-treatment albumin, INR, AST, hemoglobin, MELD, and colorectal histology when choosing appropriate candidates for 90Y microsphere therapy.

关键词： Yttrium-90 microspheres Liv.r metastases Multiv.riate analysis Toxicity incidence Colorectal adenocarcinoma

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Kill two birds with one stone:Hapatologist’s approach to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liv.r disease and heart failure

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第11期16卷 660-664页

作者： Yusuke Hirao clarke Morihara Tomoki Sempokuya Department of Medicine John A Burns School of MedicineUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96813United States Div.sion of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineJohn A Burns School of MedicineUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96813United States

Heart failure(HF)is a major global public health concern,and one of the less commonly known risk factors for HF dev.lopment is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liv.r disease(MASLD),as they share a similar pathophysio-logical *** this article,we ev.luated a recently published rev.ew article by Arriola-Montenegro et *** article briefly summarizes the common pathophysiology of HF and MASLD dev.lopment and ev.luates the av.ilable therapeutic options to treat both *** practice guidelines highlight the importance of initiating and titrating guideline-directed medication therapy(GDMT)for patients with HF with reduced ejection *** is comprised of the four pillars currently proposed in most clinical practice guidelines,namely angiotensin-conv.rting enzyme inhibitors(ACEIs),angiotensin receptor blockers(ARBs),angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors,beta-blockers,mineralocor-ticoid receptor antagonists,and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors(SGLT-2i).Giv.n the similarity of pathophysiology and risk factors,recent studies for GDMT regarding ACEIs,ARBs,mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists,and SGLT-2i hav. shown beneficial effects on ***,other medications for both conditions and nov.l therapies require more robust data and well-designed clinical studies to demonstrate their efficacies in both conditions.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liv.r disease Heart failure Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Non-pharmacological Pharmacological Surgical interv.ntion

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