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Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: data from the RIGHT- 2 randomised sham- controlled ambulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： Jason Philip Appleton Lisa J Woodhouse Craig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala Mark Dixon timothy J England Kailash Krishnan Grant Mair Keith W Muir john Potter Christopher I Price Marc Randall Thompson G robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sandset Jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena Joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of Medicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and Psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion Research and Education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Department of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and Development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and Graduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcome when administered before hospital admission in suspected stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and efficacy of GTN in the prespecified subgroup of patients who had an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).Methods RIGHT-2 was an ambulance-based multicentre sham-controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of *** primary outcome was a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at day *** outcomes included death;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Index,EuroQol-5D,mRS,telephone interview for cognitive status-modified and Zung depression scale;and neuroimaging-determined‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),mean(SD),median[IQR],adjusted common OR(acOR),mean difference or Mann-Whitney difference(MWD)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow Coma Scale 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was common:median score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(MWD 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN may be associated with more death and dependency in participants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe *** In patients who had an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random

Hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and in patients with fatal COVID-19

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3705-3716页

作者： Angus K Jacobs Steven D Morley Kay Samuel Katie Morgan Lyndsey Boswell timothy J Kendall David A Dorward Jonathan A Fallowfield Peter C Hayes john N Plevris Hepatology Laboratory University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Jack Copland CentreEdinburgh EH144BEUnited Kingdom Institute for Regeneration and Repair University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164UUUnited Kingdom Edinburgh Pathology University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),characterised by hepatic lipid accumulation,causes inflammation and oxidative stress accompanied by cell damage and *** injury(LI)is also frequently reported in patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),while preexisting MASLD increases the risk of LI and the development of COVID-19-associated *** of injury at the cellular level remain unclear,but it may be significant that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)which causes COVID-19,uses angiotensin-converting expression enzyme 2(ACE2),a key regulator of the‘anti-inflammatory’arm of the renin-angiotensin system,for viral attachment and host cell *** To determine if hepatic ACE2 levels are altered during progression of MASLD and in patients who died with severe *** ACE2 protein levels and localisation,and histological fibrosis and lipid droplet accumulation as markers of MASLD were determined in formalin-fixed liver tissue sections across the MASLD pathological spectrum(isolated hepatocellular steatosis,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)+/-fibrosis,end-stage cirrhosis)and in post-mortem tissues from patients who had died with severe COVID-19,using ACE2 immunohistochemistry and haematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red staining of total collagen and lipid droplet areas,followed by quantification using machine learning-based image pixel *** ACE2 staining is primarily intracellular and concentrated in the cytoplasm of centrilobular hepatocytes and apical membranes of bile duct ***,ACE2 protein levels are elevated in non-fibrotic MASH compared to healthy controls but not in the progression to MASH with fibrosis and in ***2 protein levels and histological fibrosis are not associated,but ACE2 and liver lipid droplet content are significantly correlated across the MASLD *** A

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Immunohistochemistry COVID-19 COVID-19-associated cholangiopathy

Quantitative Applications of Weather Satellite Data for Nowcasting:Progress and Challenges

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 399-413页

作者： Jun LI Jing ZHENG Bo LI Min MIN Yanan LIU Chian-Yi LIU Zhenglong LI WPaul MENZEL timothy J.SCHMIT john L.CINTINEO Scott LINDSTROM Scott BACHMEIER Yunheng XUE Yayu MA Di DI Han LIN Innovation Centre for Fengyun Meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) National Satellite Meteorological CentreChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and EngineeringZhuhai519082China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education) East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia SinicaTaipei11529China Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Sensors and Calibration Branch STAR/NESDISMadisonWI53706USA Wuxi University Wuxi214105China School of Computer Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu610225China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China

Monitoring and predicting highly localized weather events over a very short-term period,typically ranging from minutes to a few hours,are very important for decision makers and public *** these events usually relies on radar observations through monitoring and *** advanced high-resolution imaging and sounding observations from weather satellites,nowcasting can be enhanced by combining radar,satellite,and other data,while quantitative applications of those data for nowcasting are advanced through using machine learning *** applications include monitoring the location,impact area,intensity,water vapor,atmospheric instability,precipitation,physical properties,and optical properties of the severe storm at different stages(pre-convection,initiation,development,and decaying),identification of storm types(wind,snow,hail,etc.),and predicting the occurrence and evolution of the *** observations can provide information on the environmental characteristics in the preconvection stage and are very useful for situational awareness and storm *** paper provides an overview of recent progress on quantitative applications of satellite data in nowcasting and its challenges,and future perspectives are also addressed and discussed.

关键词： weather satellite quantitative applications nowcasting pre-convection

Evaluation of a Wireless Solar Powered Personal Weather Station

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 36-53页

作者： Robert J. Lascano timothy S. Goebel Dennis C. Gitz III john E. Stout Cropping Systems Research Laboratory Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA

We are evaluating dryland cotton production in Martin County, Texas, measuring cotton lint yield per unit of rainfall. Our goal is to collect rainfall data per 250 - 400 ha. Upon selection of a rainfall gauge, we realized that the cost of using, for example, a tipping bucket-type rain gauge would be too expensive and thus searched for an alternative method. We selected an all-in-one commercially available weather station;hereafter, referred to as a Personal Weather Station (PWS) that is both wireless and solar powered. Our objective was to evaluate average measurements of rainfall obtained with the PWS and to compare these to measurements obtained with an automatic weather station (AWS). For this purpose, we installed four PWS deployed within 20 m of the Plant Stress and Water Conservation Meteorological Tower that was used as our AWS, located at USDA-ARS Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX. In addition, we measured and compared hourly average values of short-wave irradiance (Rg), air temperature (Tair) and relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (WS), and calculated values of dewpoint temperature (Tdew). This comparison was done over a 242-day period (1 October 2022-31 May 2023) and results indicated that there was no statistical difference in measurements of rainfall between the PWS and AWS. Hourly average values of Rg measured with the PWS and AWS agreed on clear days, but PWS measurements were higher on cloudy days. There was no statistical difference between PWS and AWS hourly average measurements of Tair, RH, and calculated Tdew. Hourly average measurements of Rg and WS were more variable. We concluded that the PWS we selected will provide adequate values of rainfall and other weather variables to meet our goal of evaluating dryland cotton lint yield per unit rainfall.

关键词： Automation Sensors Citizen Weather Station Mesonet Rainfall Weather Variables

Exercise training improves long-term memory in obese mice

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Life Metabolism 2024年第1期3卷 37-50页

作者： Oliver K.Fuller Casey L.Egan Tina L.robinson Nimna Perera Heidy K.Latchman Lauren V.Terry Emma D.McLennan Carolina Chavez Emma L.Burrows john W.Scott Robyn M.Murphy Henriette van Praag Martin Whitham Mark A.Febbraio Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3052Australia La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3052Australia Department of Biomedical Sciences Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicineand Stiles-Nicholson Brain InstituteFlorida Atlantic UniversityJupiterFL 33458United States College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

Obesity has been linked to a range of pathologies,including *** contrast,regular physical activity is associated with the prevention or reduced progression of ***,physical activity can improve memory and spatial cognition,reduce age-related cognitive decline,and preserve brain volume,but the mechanisms are not fully ***,we investigated whether any detrimental effects of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obesity on cognition,motor behavior,adult hippocampal neurogenesis,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)could be mitigated by voluntary exercise training in male C57Bl/6 ***-induced impairment of motor function was not reversed by ***,voluntary wheel running improved long-term memory and increased hippocampal neurogenesis,suggesting that regular physical activity may prevent cognitive decline in obesity.

关键词： obesity exercise cognition

Shifts in phenology of autumn migration and wing length among reedbed passerines along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway

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Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 275-284页

作者： john A.Allcock timothy C.Bonebrake Yik Hei Sung Caroline Dingle School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Biological Sciences BuildingThe University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong Kong SARChina Science Unit Lingnan UniversityHong Kong SARChina

Climate change impacts bird migration phenology,causing changes in departure and arrival dates,leading to potential mismatches between migration and other key seasonal *** the impacts of climate change on arrival at breeding grounds have been relatively well documented,little is known about the impacts of climate change on post-breeding migration,especially at stopover *** we use long-term(11 years)banding data(11,118 captures)from 7 species at Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve in Hong Kong,a key stopover site for migratory birds along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway,to describe long-term changes in migration phenology and to compare observed changes to annual weather *** also examine changes in wing length over a longer time period(1985–2020)as wing length often correlates positively with migration *** found that observed changes in migratory phenology vary by species;three species had later estimated arrival(by 1.8 days per year),peak(by 2.6 days per year)or departure(by 2.5 days per year),one showed an earlier peak date(by 1.8days per year)and two showed longer duration of passage(2.7 days longer and 3.2 days longer per year).Three species exhibited no long-term change in migration *** two of the four species with shifting phenology,temperature was an important predictor of changing peak date,departure dates and duration of *** length was shorter in three species and longer in two species,but these changes did not correlate with observed phenological *** complex changes observed here are indicative of the challenges concerning the detection of climate change in migratory stopover *** monitoring and a better understanding of the dynamics of all sites in the migratory pathway will aid conservation of these species under global change.

关键词： Autumn migration Climate change East Asian–Australasian flyway Passerines Phenology Reedbed

Net ecosystem carbon exchange for Bermuda grass growing in mesocosms as affected by irrigation frequency

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Pedosphere 2022年第3期32卷 393-401页

作者： Yuan LI Gabriel *** timothy J.CLOUGH john E.HUNT David WHITEHEAD Department of Soil and Physical Sciences Lincoln UniversityLincoln 7647(New Zealand) Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research P.O.Box 69040Lincoln 7640(New Zealand) State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020(China) Soil Biology Group Wageningen University and ResearchP.O.Box 47Wageningen 6700 AA(The Netherlands)

Intensification of grazed grasslands following conversion from dryland to irrigated farming has the potential to alter ecosystem carbon(C)cycling and affect components of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))exchange that could lead to either net accumulation or loss of soil *** there are many studies on the effect of water availability on biomass production and soil C stocks,much less is known about the effect of the frequency of water inputs on the components of CO_(2)*** grew Bermuda grass(Cynodon dactylon L.)in mesocosms under irrigation frequencies of every day(I_(1) treatment,30 d),every two days(I_(2) treatment,12 d),every three days(I_(3) treatment,30 d),and every six days(I_(6) treatment,18 d,after I_(2) treatment).Rates of CO_(2)exchange for estimating net ecosystem CO_(2)exchange(F_(N)),ecosystem respiration(R_(E)),and soil respiration(R_(S))were measured,and gross C uptake by plants(F_(G))and respiration from leaves(R_(L))were calculated during two periods,1–12 and 13–30 d,of the 30-d *** the first 12 d,there were no significant differences in cumulative F_(N)(mean±standard deviation,61±30 g C m^(-2),n=4).During the subsequent 18 d,cumulative F_(N) decreased with decreasing irrigation frequency and increasing cumulative soil water deficit(W),with values of 70±22,60±16,and 18±12 g C m^(-2) for the I_(1),I_(3),and I_(6) treatments,*** were similar decreases in F_(G),R_(E),and R_(L) with increasing W,but differences in R_(S) were not *** of the C_(4) grass growing in a C_(3)-derived soil enabled partitioning of R_(S) into its autotrophic(R_(A))and heterotrophic(R_(H))components using a^(13)C natural abundance isotopic technique at the end of the experiment when differences in cumulative W between the treatments were the *** values of R_(H) and its percentage contributions to R_(S)(43%±8%,42%±8%,and 8%±5%for the I_(1),I_(3),and I_(6) treatments,respectively)suggested that R_(H) remained unaffected across a wide

关键词： ^(13)C natural abundance CO_(2)exchange N_(2)O emission soil heterotrophic respiration water deficit

Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry and Rare Earth Oxides can quantify diffuse and convergent soil loss and source apportionment

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 633-648页

作者： Pia Benaud Karen Anderson Mike R.James timothy A.Quine john N.Quinton Richard E.Brazier CREWW GeographyFaculty of EnvironmentScience and EconomyUniversity of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom Environment and Sustainability Institute University of ExeterPenrynCornwallTR109FEUnited Kingdom Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityBailriggLancasterLA14YQUnited Kingdom Geography Faculty of EnvironmentScience and Economy.University of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom

Accurately quantifying rates of soil erosion requires capturing both the volumetric nature of the visible,convergent fluvial pathways(also known as rills)and the subtle nature of the less-visible,diffuse pathways(interrill areas).The aim of this study was to use Rare Earth Oxide(REO)tracers and Structure-from-Motion(SfM)photogrammetry to elucidate retrospective information about soil erosion rates and sediment sources during different soil erosion conditions,within a controlled laboratory *** experimental conditions created erosion events consistent with diffuse and convergent erosion *** tracers allowed the sediment transport distances of over 2 m to be described,and helped resolved the relative contribution of diffuse and convergent soil erosion;interrill areas were also iden-tified as a significant sediment sources soil loss under convergent erosion *** the potential for SfM photogrammetry to resolve sub-millimetre elevations changes was demonstrated,under some conditions non-erosional changes in surface elevation,such as compaction,exceeded volumes of soil loss via diffuse *** discrepancies between SfM Photogrammetry calculations and REO tagged sediment export were beneficial,identifying that during soil erosion events sediment in both aggregate and particle form is deposited within the convergent features,even when the rill extended the full length of the soil *** combination of SfM photogrammetry and REO tracers has provided a novel platform for building a spatial understanding of patterns of soil loss and source apportionment between rill and interrill erosion.

关键词： Soil erosion Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry Rare Earth Oxides Tracers Sediment Rainfall simulator Sheetwash Rilling Interrill

Atomic Crosschain Transactions for Ethereum Private Sidechains

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第1期3卷 23-39页

作者： Peter robinson Raghavendra Ramesh Sandra johnson ConsenSys Software R&D Brisbane4520Australia School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of QueenslandQueensland 4072Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers(ACEMS) Queensland University of TechnologyQueensland 4001Australia

The Atomic Crosschain Transaction for Ethereum Private Sidechains protocol allows composable programming across permissioned Ethereum *** allows for inter-contract and inter-blockchain function calls that are both synchronous and atomic:if one part fails,the whole call tree of function calls is *** protocol is not based on existing techniques such as Hash Time Locked Contracts,relay chains,block header transfer,or trusted *** uses(a)threshold signatures to prove values across blockchains,(b)coordination contracts to manage the state of crosschain transactions,and(c)a function call tree commitment scheme to allow users to commit to a call tree and then later check that the correct function calls have been *** paper analyses the processing overhead of using this technique compared to using multiple standard non-atomic single blockchain *** additional processing is analysed for four scenarios involving multiple blockchains:a Trade–Finance system,the Hotel–Train problem,a Supply Chain with Provenance,and an *** protocol is shown to have both safety and liveness properties.

关键词： Crosschain Blockchain Transaction Atomic Ethereum