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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2009年第5期19卷 581-586页

作者： john Clamp Khaled A.s.Al-Rasheid Abdulaziz A.Al-Khedhairy Department of Biology North Carolina Central University Zoology Department King Saud University

Phylogenetic and taxonomic studies on ciliate protists using molecular approaches have been demonstrated to be very reliable to form strong conclusions and results. In the present work, species separation of some morphologically similar stichotrichous ciliates, two species of Pseudokeronopsis and two species of Apokeronopsis, was reexamined using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (PCR-RFLP). Five of 10 restriction enzymes revealed species-specific polymorphic patterns, of which four similar stichotrichs could be significantly separated and identified. Among them, EcoR I offered almost no significantly different restriction fragment patterns, but the four species could be separated from one another and identified with Hae Ⅲ. Distinctly different restriction digestion haplotypes and simi-larity indices separated the species, and were used to construct a phylogeny. Phylogenies based on ITs2 nucleotide sequences and ITs2 secondary structures supported the separation of Pseudokeronopsis and Apokeronopsis using RFLP analysis, although three Pseudoker-onopsis carnea populations did not cluster together. In addition, phylogenetic analyses using multiple algorithms confirmed that these two genera formed two distinct groups within the urostylids.

关键词： Ciliophora Pseudokeronopsis Apokeronopsis PCR-RFLP ITs2 secondary structures

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated colitis in gastrointestinal malignancies and inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第8期13卷 772-798页

作者： Alexa R Weingarden samuel J s Rubin john Gubatan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineStanford UniversityRedwood CityCA 94063United States stanford University school of Medicine Stanford UniversityRedwood CityCA 94063United States

Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI)have markedly changed the landscape of cancer *** re-invigorating the immune system against tumors,ICI provide novel therapeutic options for a broad variety of malignancies,including many gastrointestinal(GI)***,these therapies can also induce autoimmune-like side effects in healthy tissue across the *** of the most common of these side effects is ICI-mediated colitis and diarrhea(IMC).Here,we review the incidence and risk of IMC in ICI therapy,with a focus on what is known regarding IMC in patients with GI *** also discuss data available on the use of ICI and risk of IMC in patients with pre-existing inflammatory bowel disease,as these patients may have increased risk of IMC due to their underlying intestinal pathology.

关键词： Immune checkpoint inhibitors Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 Programmed cell death protein-1 Inflammatory bowel disease Gastrointestinal cancer

Electrical stimulation and denervated muscles after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1397-1407页

作者： subhalakshmi Chandrasekaran john Davis Ines Bersch Gary Goldberg Ashraf s.Gorgey spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical CenterRichmondVAUSA swiss Paraplegic Centre NottwilSwitzerland Institute of Clinical sciences Department of Orthopedics at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Electrodiagnostic Center Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical CenterRichmondVAUSA

spinal cord injury(sCI)population with injury below T10 or injury to the cauda equina region is characterized by denervated muscles,extensive muscle atrophy,infiltration of intramuscular fat and formation of fibrous *** morphological changes may put individuals with sCI at higher risk for developing other diseases such as various cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,obesity and ***,there is no available rehabilitation intervention to rescue the muscles or restore muscle size in sCI individuals with lower motor neuron ***,hereby,performed a review of the available evidence that supports the use of electrical stimulation in restoration of denervated muscle following *** pulse width stimulation(LPWs)technique is an upcoming method of stimulating denervated *** primary objective is to explore the best stimulation paradigms(stimulation parameters,stimulation technique and stimulation wave)to achieve restoration of the denervated *** parameters,such as the pulse duration,need to be 100–1000 times longer than in innervated muscles to achieve desirable excitability and *** use of electrical stimulation in animal and human models induces muscle *** in animal models indicate that electrical stimulation,with a combination of exercise and pharmacological interventions,have proven to be effective in improving various aspects like relative muscle weight,muscle cross sectional area,number of myelinated regenerated fibers,and restoring some level of muscle *** studies have shown similar outcomes,identifying the use of LPWs as an effective strategy in increasing muscle cross sectional area,the size of muscle fibers,and improving muscle ***,displaying promise is an effective future stimulation *** summary,LPWs is a novel stimulation technique for denervated muscles in humans with *** studies on LPWs of denervated muscles will help in translating

关键词： denervation DXA electrical stimulation LMN injury LPWs MRI spinal cord injury stimulation parameters

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Five-year Treatment with Tenofovir Alafenamide Achieves High Rates of Viral suppression,Alanine Aminotransferase Normalization,and Favorable Bone and Renal safety in Chinese Chronic Hepatitis B Patients

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第5期12卷 469-480页

作者： Jinlin Hou Qin Ning Zhongping Duan Yu Chen Qing Xie Lunli Zhang shanming Wu Hong Tang Jun Li Feng Lin Yongfeng Yang Guozhong Gong Yanwen Luo shelley Xie Hongyuan Wang Roberto Mateo Tahmineh Yazdi Frida Abramov Leland JYee john Flaherty Chengwei Chen Yan Huang Mingxiang Zhang Jidong Jia Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina Beijing YouAn Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina shanghai Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University NanchangJiangxiChina shanghai Public Health Clinical Center ShanghaiChina West China Hospital Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University NanjingJiangsuChina Hainan General Hospital HaikouHainanChina The second Hospital of Nanjing Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina The second Xiangya Hospital Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina Gilead sciences ShanghaiChina Gilead sciences Foster CityCAUSA The People’s Liberation Army No.85 Hospital ShanghaiChina Xiangya Hospital Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina The sixth People’s Hospital of shenyang ShenyangLiaoningChina Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Background and Aims:After 3-years(144 week)of double-blind treatment in Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients in two ongoing phase 3 studies,tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)showed similar efficacy to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF),with improved renal and bone *** this study,we aimed to report the 5-year results from 2 years into the open-label TAF treatment ***:All participants completing the 144-week double-blind treatment were eligible to receive open-label TAF 25 mg once daily up to week *** analysis of viral suppression(hepatitis B virus DNAsferase normalization,serological responses,and safety outcomes at year 5(week 240)was ***:The openlabel phase included 93%(311/334)of the enrolled participants,which included 212 who switched from double-blind TAF to open-label TAF(TAF-TAF)and 99 who switched from double-blind TDF to open-label TAF(TDF-TAF).Baseline characteristics were *** 240 viral suppression rates were similar between groups[93.4%vs.93.9%;difference:-1.5%,(95%CI:-6.4 to-3.5),p=0.857].Alanine aminotransferase normalization and serological response rates were higher in the TAF-TAF group than in the TDF-TAF *** frequencies of adverse events and laboratory abnormalities were low and similar between *** groups had similar small numerical declines from baseline in estimated glomerular filtration rate at year 5(week 240,-2.85 mL/min vs.-3.29 mL/min,p=0.910).The greater declines in renal and bone parameters in the TDF-TAF group through week 144 improved after switching to ***:The 5-year TAF treatment efficacy was high and similar to that of 3-year TDF followed by 2-year TAF in Chinese chronic hepatitis B *** effects on bone and renal parameters were sustained with TAF treatment alone and were observed following the switch from TDF to TAF.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Antiviral therapy Bone safety Renal safety Tenofovir alafenamide Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate Chinese

Mixing of powders and granular materials by mechanical means——A perspective

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Particuology 2012年第4期10卷 397-427页

作者： john Bridgwater Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePembroke StreetCambridge CB2 3RAUK Laboratory for simulation and Modeling of Particulate systems School of Materials Science and EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

When engineers and scientists encounter the mixing of powders, they enter a subject where it is often difficult to find bearings. This perspective seeks to address this need by setting out the state of prac- tice. It then considers the growing momentum in the area following advances in computation and in measurement that became significant in the 1990s. The mixing of powders and granular materials is of central importance for the quality and performance of a wide range of products. However, process design and operation are very difficult, being largely based on judgement rather than science. There are not even tabulated data to tell how the quality of mixtures depends on mixer selection. Design depends on experience and insight, not science. There are no sound scale-up laws for a given equipment type, largely because particle size needs to be included in any dimensional analysis. Design is not possible by applying physical principles. There is no reliable equation to describe the flow of single component powders, let alone multi-component mixtures. In most cases, measurement has been difficult because the materials are optically opaque. Work in the research literature has been questionable because the results obtained for mixture sampling are affected by sample size. Recently, modern experimental techniques and modelling work have provided a good deal of infor- mation on the behaviour of many of the pieces of equipment, though these have been small in size and often confined to materials of a single size. However, the studies have enhanced knowledge of physical behaviour. For example, for a wide range of equipment when operating at lower velocities, mixing is determined by the number of revolutions of the mixer, not the time. Observations of flow structure have led to a few specific models that should scale with equipment size. Measurement techniques are slowly becoming more effective in giving internal flow patterns and in measuring powder composition. For cohe

关键词： PerspectivePowder mixingMixing of granular materialsCurrent designMixture qualityMixing mechanismsExperiments and computationsResearch trendsOpportunities for advancesegregationCohesion

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Plant xylem hydraulics:What we understand,current research,and future challenges

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第6期59卷 356-389页

作者： Martin D. Venturas john s. sperry Uwe G. Hacke Department of Biology University of Utah257 S 1400ESalt Lake CityUT 84112USA Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2E3Canada

Herein we review the current state-of-the-art of plant hydraulics in the context of plant physiology, ecology, and evolution, focusing on current and future research opportunities. We explain the physics of water transport in plants and the limits of this transport system, highlighting the relationships between xylem structure and function. We describe the great variety of techniques existing for evaluating xylem resistance to cavitation. We address several methodological issues and their connec- tion with current debates on conduit refilling and exponentially shaped vulnerability curves. We analyze the trade-offs existing between water transport safety and efficiency. We also stress how little information is available on molecular biology of cavitation and the potential role of aquaporins in conduit refilling. Finally, we draw attention to how plant hydraulic traits can be used for modeling stomatal responses to environmental variables and climate change, including drought mortality.

关键词： William J. Lucas, University of California, Davis, UsAReceived Jan. 10,2017 Accepted Mar. 9,2017 Online on Mar. 14,2017

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Disease exacerbation is common in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for malignancy

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第6期10卷 1787-1794页

作者： samuel J s Rubin Tatiana Balabanis john Gubatan Aida Habtezion Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305United States

BACKGROUND Colitis is a known potential toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).studies evaluating the risk of disease exacerbation following ICI treatment in patients with pre-existing inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)are *** To assess the clinical characteristics of IBD patients treated with ICIs and determine prevalence of subsequent IBD *** We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients in the stanford Research Repository database with pre-existing IBD who were exposed to *** The prevalence of IBD exacerbation following ICI was 36.8% amongst 19 patients meeting inclusion *** with exacerbations had more gastrointestinalrelated hospitalizations(4 of 7)than patients without exacerbations(0 of 12;P=0.0090).CONCLUsION The prevalence of IBD exacerbations following ICI was higher than reported rates of ICI-induced colitis and diarrhea in the general population and was associated with hospitalization.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Immune checkpoint inhibitors Immunotherapy Malignancy

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in alcoholic hepatitis:Hepatic encephalopathy a common theme

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第2期23卷 373-376页

作者： Elizabeth s john Ramy sedhom Ishita Dalal Ranita sharma Department of Medicine Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(PREs) is a neuro-radiologic diagnosis that has become more widely recognized and reported over the past few decades. As such, there are a number of known risk factors that contribute to the development of this syndrome, including volatile blood pressures, renal failure, cytotoxic drugs, autoimmune disorders, pre-eclampsia, and eclampsia. This report documents the first reported case of PREs in a patient with severe alcoholic hepatitis with hepatic encephalopathy and delves into a molecular pathophysiology of the syndrome.

关键词： Alcoholic hepatitis Hepatic encephalopathy Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome seizure Headaches

Experimental Trypanosoma brucei infection at immediate post partum period:effects on dam and the offspring

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第7期3卷 531-534页

作者： Izuchukwu s Ochiogu Chukwuka N Uchendu john I Ihedioha Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu StateNigeria Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu StateNigeria Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu StateNigeria

Objective:To investigate the effects of immediate post-partum infection with Trypanosoma brucei（***） on dam and ***:sixty female Albino rats（Rattus norvegicus） weighing between 130-170 g were used as animal *** animals were divided as follows: 25 infected between 1-5 days post partum;10 infected unbred as positive controls;and 25 uninfected as negative *** following parameters were evaluated:packed cell volume （PCV）,level of parasitaemia,survival time,litter size and litter weight at birth and on days 7, 14 and 21 post delivery,using conventional *** trans-mammary transmission of infection to litter through milk was also ***:The results showed a comparatively （Pst infection compared with the infected groups which corresponded with the increasing level of parasitaemia in the two infected *** litter size and litter weights were higher（Ps on the 21sup>stsup> *** time in the infected groups were *** evidence of trans-mammary transfer of infection was ***:*** infection during immediate post partum period is detrimental to the dam and impairs growth of the offspring.

关键词： Trypanosoma brucei Post-partum Infection Litter Parasitaemia.

Jejunal diverticulosis found in a patient with long-standing pneumoperitoneum and pseudo-obstruction on imaging:a case report

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第4期4卷 337-340,I0003页

作者： Carolyn Hanna john Mullinax Mark s Friedman Julian sanchez UsF Morsani College of Medicine TampaFLUSA Department of surgical Oncology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA

small bowel diverticulosis is a rare finding within the general population and jejunal diverticulosis,specifically,is even *** manifestations can range from post-prandial pain,constipation and malabsorption to serious complications,such as gastro-intestinal hemorrhage,perforation and acute intestinal *** we describe the case of an 81-yearold gentleman who presented with a three-year history of abdominal pain and weight *** unremarkable physical examination and laboratory tests,persistent pneumoperitoneum and dilated loops of small bowel were found on *** been given a diagnosis of small bowel bacterial overgrowth,the patient underwent capsule endoscopy study for further evaluation of his small *** capsule did not reach the colon and the patient never noted passing the capsule in his stool so,six months post-procedure,a computed tomography(CT)scan seemed to reveal the retained *** exploratory laparotomy revealed 200 cm of atonic,dilated jejunum with impressive diverticula along the antimesenteric *** case report is an example of an unusual set of presenting signs and symptoms of jejunal diverticulosis,including persistent pneumoperitoneum,pseudo-obstruction and small bowel bacterial overgrowth.A literature review has revealed that these signs have been present in other cases of jejunal diverticulosis,although the etiology and pathophysiology is not clearly understood.

关键词： Jejunal diverticulosis pneumoperitoneum pseudo-obstruction