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Brain Research on Mental Disorders: A Criticism

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2024年第3期13卷 71-85页

作者： john R. Rossiter Faculty of Business and Law University of Wollongong Wollongong Australia school of Psychology Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga Australia

Objective: To expose the problems and inherent limitations of neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders. Method: Discussion of the theory underlying brain research on mental disorders, followed by a systematic evaluation of typical studies. Results: The fundamental problem is that brain researchers fail to differentiate between biological mental disorders in which brain processes cause the disorder (notably schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and melancholic depression) and learned mental disorders in which brain processes mediate but do not cause the disorder (which is the case with reactive depression, reactive anxiety, OCD, and PTsD). Researchers have been unsuccessful in identifying mechanisms in the brain that cause biological mental disorders, and will never be able to locate the innumerable specific neural connections that mediate learned mental disorders. Moreover, the author’s review of typical studies in this field shows that they have serious problems with theory, measurement, and data analysis, and that their findings cannot be trusted. Conclusions: Neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders, unlike other neurological research, has been an expensive failure and it is not worth continuing.

关键词： Neuroscience-Based Brain Research Biological Mental Disorders Learned Mental Disorders Research Problems

What's the Biggest Thing in the Universe?

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Anja schuffer Is stronger than Your

英语世界 2024年第7期 127-128页

作者： john O'Reilly

What's the biggest thing in the universe? It sounds like a child's question but scientists have been searching for an answer for over thirty years. Now a team led by Dr Roger Clowes from the University of Central Lancashire believe they have found it. The largest thing in the universe may be a group of seventy-three quasars.

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来源：博看期刊

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城市漫步（GBA版） 2024年第2期 31-33页

作者： Kirby john Carney 不详

"I cannot imagine a life without being able to deadlift,"confesses Anja schuffner,a sentiment that resonates within the strength training *** echoes the legendary words of Jon Pall sigmarsson,the first four-time winner of the World's strongest Man,who famously stated,"There is no point in being alive if you cannot do the deadlift."

关键词： strong words Your

New markers of fibrosis in hepatitis C:A step towards the Holy Grail?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 112-114页

作者： Konstantinos john Dabos Department of Hepatology St Hohn's HospitalLivingston EH546PPWest LothianUnited Kingdom

In the present issue of the World Journal of Hepatology,Ferrassi et al examine the problem of liver fibrosis staging in chronic hepatitis *** identify novel biomarkers in an effort to predict accurate fibrosis staging with the aid of the metabolome of Hepatitis C *** I think Ferrassi et al took a different approach in identifying fibrosis biomarkers,by looking at the patients’*** biomarkers clearly separate patients from *** can also separate out,patients with minimal fibrosis(F0-F1 stage)and patients with cirrhosis(F4 stage).Obviously,if these biomarkers were to be widely used,tests for all the important metabolites would need to be readily available for use in hospitals or outpatient setting and that may prove difficult and above all,***,this step could eventually lead to a metabolomic approach for novel biomarkers of ***,it would need to be validated,but could represent a step towards the Holy Grail of Hepatology.

关键词： Hepatitis C metabolomics Fibrosis Non invasive markers Metavir

Easy Tiger's Rocking Debut

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城市漫步（GBA版） 2024年第4期 13-15页

作者： Kirby john Carney 不详

We sit down with Easy Tiger's lead singer TC outside of The GOAT in Guangzhou's Panyu *** is in a jolly and excited mood as he reminisces about the early days.

关键词： Easy outside excited

Fame First,singing second

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城市漫步（GBA版） 2024年第2期 15-17页

作者： Kirby john Carney 不详

With close to half a million W;followers on Instagram,Autumn Chen knows a thing or two about growing on social *** tells us that the main two things are finding something special about you,the biggest,best one and then a smaller *** on the smaller one and"people will find you the best at where you're the most special,"she tells us over the *** says this is her number one advice for growing on social *** what's next for her?

关键词： something finding things

Frameworked electrolytes:Ionic transport behavior and high mobility for solid state batteries

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InfoMat 2024年第2期6卷 76-89页

作者： Jianguo sun Hao Yuan Jing Yang Tuo Wang Yulin Gao Qi Zhao Ximeng Liu Haimei Wang Yong-Wei Zhang john Wang Department of Materials science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of High Performance Computing(IHPC) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore sT Engineering Advanced Material Engineering Pte.Ltd. SingaporeSingapore National University of singapore(Chongqing)Research Institute Chongqing Liang Jiang New AreaChongqingthe People's Republic of China Institute of Materials Research and Engineering(IMRE) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore

All solid-state batteries(AssBs)are the holy grails of rechargeable batteries,where extensive searches are ongoing in the pursuit of ideal solid-state ***,there is still a long way off to the satisfactorily high(enough)ionic conductivity,long-term stability and especially being able to form compatible interfaces with the solid ***,we have explored ionic transport behavior and high mobility in the sub-nano pore networks in the framework ***,the frameworked electrolyte behaves as a solid,and however in the(sub)-nano scales,the very limited number of solvent molecules in confinement makes them completely different from that in liquid *** from a liquid-electrolyte counterpart,the interactions between the mobile ions and surrounding molecules are subject to dramatic changes,leading to a high ionic conductivity at room temperature with a low activation ***+ions in the sub-nano cages of the network structure are highly mobile and diffuse rather independently,where the rate-limiting step of ions crossing cages is driven by the local concentration gradient and the electrostatic interactions between Li^(+)*** new class of frameworked electrolytes(FEs)with both high ionic conductivity and desirable interface with solid electrodes are demonstrated to work with Li-ion batteries,where the AssB with LiFePO_(4)shows a highly stable electrochemical performance of over 450 cycles at 2℃ at room temperature,with an almost negligible capacity fade of 0.03‰ each *** addition,the FE shows outstanding flexibility and anti-flammability,which are among the key requirements of large-scale applications.

关键词： frameworked electrolyte macroscopically solid with 3D ionic channels in sub-nano-scales solid-state battery space confinement of Li ions

New dating indicates intermittent human occupation of the Nwya Devu Paleolithic site on the high-altitude central Tibetan Plateau during the past 45,000 years

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science China Earth sciences 2024年第2期67卷 531-551页

作者： Junyi GE Xiaoling ZHANG shejiang WANG Linhui LI Wei HE Yingshuai JIN Peiqi ZhANG Bing XU Chenglong DENG john WOLsEN Zhengtang GUO Xing GAO Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China University of the Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Tibetan Cultural Relics Conservation Institute Lhasa 850000China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences.Beijing 100029China state Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China school of Anthropology University of ArizonaTucson85721USA

The timing and mechanisms of the human occupation of the demanding high-altitude Tibetan Plateau environment are of great ***,we report on our reinvestigations and dating of the Nwya Devu site,located nearly 4600 meters above sea level on the central Tibetan Plateau.A new microblade techno-complex was identified on a lower lake shore at this site,distinct from the previously reported blade tool *** two lithic assemblages were dated to 45.6±2.6 and10.3±0.5 ka using optically stimulated luminescence and accelerator mass spectrometry^(14)C *** represent,respectively,the earliest known Paleolithic and microlithic sites on the interior Tibetan Plateau,indicating multiple occupation episodes of hunter-gatherers during the past 45 *** studies reveal that relatively stable depositional conditions and a paleoenvironment characterized by a comparatively warm climate facilitated these multiple occupations at Nwya *** contemporaneous occurrence of the Upper Paleolithic blade technology on the Tibetan Plateau and most of Eurasia between 50 and 40 ka indicates rapid,large-scale dispersals of humans that profoundly affected human demography on a large *** new archaeological evidence and previously reported genetic data,we conclude that the Tibetan Plateau provided a relatively stable habitat for Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers,which may have contributed to the complex and multiple-origin gene pool of present-day Tibetans.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Paleolithic Nwya Devu High-altitude adaptation Microblade industry Early Upper Paleolithic OsLdating AMs^(14)C dating

superior antibody and membrane protein‑specific T‑cell responses to CoronaVac by intradermal versus intramuscular routes in adolescents

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 353-370页

作者： Jaime s.Rosa Duque samuel M.s.Cheng Carolyn A.Cohen Daniel Leung Xiwei Wang Xiaofeng Mu Yuet Chung Tsun Ming Lau Manni Wang Wenyue Zhang Yanmei Zhang Howard H.W.Wong Leo C.H.Tsang sara Chaothai Tsz Chun Kwan john K.C.Li Karl C.K.Chan Leo L.H.Luk Jenson C.H.Ho Wing Yan Li Amos M.T.Lee Jennifer H.Y.Lam sau Man Chan Wilfred H.s.Wong Issan Y.s.Tam Masashi Mori sophie A.Valkenburg Malik Peiris Wenwei Tu Yu Lung Lau Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina school of Public Health The University of Hong KongHong KongChina HKU‑Pasteur Research Pole School of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology Ishikawa Prefectural UniversityNonoichiJapan Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infectionand ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia Center for Immunology and Infection C2i Hong KongChina

Background Optimising the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines to improve their protection against disease is *** dosing by intradermal(ID)administration has been shown to be equally immunogenic as intramuscular(IM)administration for several vaccines,but the immunogenicity of ID inactivated whole severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(sARs-CoV-2)at the full dose is *** study(NCT04800133)investigated the superiority of antibody and T-cell responses of full-dose CoronaVac by ID over IM administration in *** Participants aged 11–17 years received two doses of IM or ID vaccine,followed by the 3rd dose 13–42 days *** and cellular immunogenicity outcomes were measured post-dose 2(IM-CC versus ID-CC)and post-dose 3(IMCCC versus ID-CCC).Doses 2 and 3 were administered to 173 and 104 adolescents,*** spike protein(s)immunoglobulin G(IgG),s-receptor-binding domain(RBD)IgG,s IgG Fcγreceptor IIIa(FcγRIIIa)-binding,sNM[sum of individual(s),nucleocapsid protein(N),and membrane protein(M)peptide pool]-specific interleukin-2(IL-2)+CD4^(+),sNM-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+),s-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+),N-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+),N-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+)and M-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+)responses fulfilled the superior and non-inferior criteria for ID-CC compared to IM-CC,whereas IgG avidity was *** ID-CCC,s-RBD IgG,surrogate virus neutralisation test,90%plaque reduction neutralisation titre(PRNT90),PRNT50,s IgG avidity,s IgG FcγRIIIa-binding,M-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+),interferon-γ+CD8^(+)and IL-2^(+)CD8^(+)responses were superior and non-inferior to *** estimated vaccine efficacies were 49%,52%,66%and 79%for IM-CC,ID-CC,IM-CCC and ID-CCC,*** ID groups reported more local,mild adverse *** This is the first study to demonstrate superior antibody and M-specific T-cell responses by ID inactivated sARsCoV-2 vaccination and serves as the basis for future research to improve the

关键词： CoronaVac Coronavirus disease 2019 Immunity Intradermal Vaccine