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外国直接投资:全球化与发展、新的挑战与机遇

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国际经济合作 2005年第4期 7-10页

作者：约翰.邓宁英国瑞丁大学

3月17日,邓宁教授在商务部与联合国贸发会议联合在天津经济技术开发区举办的第二届国际投资促进论坛上发表演讲,重点阐述了在全球化和发展过程中,外国直接投资所起到的作用以及对各国外资政策提出的挑战和机遇,并提出了相应的政策建议... 详细信息

3月17日,邓宁教授在商务部与联合国贸发会议联合在天津经济技术开发区举办的第二届国际投资促进论坛上发表演讲,重点阐述了在全球化和发展过程中,外国直接投资所起到的作用以及对各国外资政策提出的挑战和机遇,并提出了相应的政策建议。本刊特别约请南开大学跨国公司研究中心冼国明教授和葛顺奇博士对邓宁教授的演讲进行了整理,并经邓宁教授同意,在本刊公开发表。

关键词：外国直接投资全球化挑战与机遇天津经济技术开发区 2004年12月国际工商管理学院跨国公司理论世界投资报告 2002年终身成就奖投资领域 50年代国际商务名誉教授著名大学国际管理投资促进发展过程外资政策

Optimization of the A Constant for the sRK/T Formula

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2015年第3期5卷 108-114页

作者： john C. Merriam Eva Nong Lei Zheng Malka stohl Edward s. Harkness Eye Institute College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York NY USA Department of Ophthalmology University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA New York state Psychiatric Institute New York NY USA

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of axial length (AL) and the average preoperative keratometry (K) on the A constant in the sRK/T formula. Methods: The retrospective, comparative case series includes 635 eyes from 407 cataract patients from Columbia University Medical Center from January 2006 to August 2010, operated by a single surgeon using a temporal incision and the Acrysof sN60WF IOL (Alcon Laboratories, TX). Using the postoperative manifest refraction and biometry data, we calculated the precise A constant (Ap) necessary to yield the postoperative spherical equivalent for each eye. To optimize the A constant, we developed three regression models (linear, quadratic, and categorical in 7 AL groups) to relate these precise A constants to AL and K. We verified our method with another series of 45 eyes for which we calculated mean errors (defined as the difference between the spherical equivalent of the postoperative refraction and the predicted postoperative refraction) using the optimized and manufacturer’s suggested A constants. Results: There is a statistically significant relationship between AL (P stant. Ap increased as AL increased and as K decreased. In the validation data set, optimizing the A constant reduced mean errors from 0.50 D to 0.25 D and also reduced hyperopic refractive outcomes. Conclusions: The A constant for longer eyes with flatter corneas is larger than the A constant for shorter eyes with steeper corneas. Optimizing A constants using both AL and K improved the predictability of refractive outcomes without modification to the sRK/T formula.

关键词： Cataract surgery sRK/T A Constant

Does the Nature of Chief Complaint, Gender, or Age Affect Time to Be seen in the Emergency Room

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2014年第2期2卷 36-41页

作者： Ayesha sattar Kenneth sable Antonios Likourezos Christian Fromm john Marshall Department of Emergency Medicine Maimonides Medical Center Brooklyn USA Department of Emergency Medicine Saint Peter’s Healthcare System New Brunswick USA Department of Emergency Medicine Stanford Hospital and Clinics Stanford USA

Objectives: EM physicians may be biased in seeing patients presenting with nonspecific complaints or requiring more extensive work-ups. The goal of our study was to ascertain if chief complaint affected time to be seen (TTBs) in the ED. Methods: A retrospective report was generated from the EMR for all moderate acuity patients who visited the ED from January 2005 to December 2010 at a large urban teaching hospital. Abdominal pain, alcohol intoxication, back pain, chest pain, cough, dyspnea, dizziness, fall, fever, flank pain, headache, infection, pain (nonspecific), psychiatric evaluation, “sent by MD”, vaginal bleeding, vomiting, and weakness were the most common complaints. Non-Parametric Independent sample Tests assessed median TTBs between complaints, gender, and age. Chisquare testing assessed for differences in the distribution of arrival times. Results: We obtained data from 116,194 patients. Patients presenting with weakness and dizziness waited the longest time of 35 minutes and patients with flank pain waited the shortest with 24 minutes. Males waited 30 minutes and females waited 32 minutes. Younger females between the ages of 18 - 50 waited significantly longer when presenting with a chief complaint of abdominal pain, chest pain, or flank pain. There was no difference in the distribution of arrival times for these complaints. Conclusion: There is a significant bias toward seeing young male patients more quickly than women or older males. Patients might benefit from efforts to educate EM physicians on the delays and potential quality issues associated with this bias in an attempt to move toward more egalitarian patient selection.

关键词： Waiting Time Chief Complaint Emergency Department Gender Disparity

Geochemistry of Muro Banded Iron-Formation, Central Nigeria

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International Journal of Geosciences 2012年第5期3卷 1074-1083页

作者： john Adeyinka Adekoya Chukwuemeka Tony Okonkwo Mohammed O. Adepoju Department of Applied Geology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

Muro Banded Iron-Formation occurs in the Proterozoic Toto schist Belt, central Nigeria. It consists preponderantly of oxide facies and minor carbonate facies. The oxide facies is made up of alternating bands of quartz (metachert) with those of hematite + magnetite + martite ± goethite, chlorite, pyrrhotite and garnet. The carbonate facies consists of quartz (metachert) + siderite ± goethite. In the oxide facies the total iron content (Fe2O3t) ranges from 33.95% to 48.08% and the siO2 content from 50.33% to 64.50%. In the case of the carbonate facies, the Fe2O3t content varies from 15.42% to 20.66% and siO2 content from 66.84 to 72.86%. The Al2O3 content is generally low ranging from 0.1% to 0.54% in the oxide facies, and 0.24% to 0.31% in the carbonate facies. Chemically, the Muro Iron-Formation is similar to the Lake superior-type iron-formations in terms of the distribution of the major and trace elements. This taken together with similarities in lithological associations indicates its deposition in similar environments i.e. shallow intra-continental or restricted/barred marine basin. The very low Al2O3 contents indicate minor clastic dilution of the original chemical precipitates.

关键词： Muro Iron-Formation Oxide Facies Carbonate Facies Geochemistry Central Nigeria

Antimicrobial Resistance Encountered in Garbage Collection Areas and Dumpsites in Nairobi, Kenya Using Escherichia coliand Klebsiellaas Indicator species

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Advances in Microbiology 2017年第9期7卷 653-665页

作者： Grace Waturu Winnie Mutai john Kiiru Moses Musyoki Leonard Ochieng Department of Medical Microbiology School of Medicine University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Centre of Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Obstetrics and Gynecology Department School of Medicine University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Dumpsites and garbage collection areas can act as reservoirs of highly resistant bacterial strains and facilitate the dissemination of Multidrug resistant strains to those living and work on or near the dumpsites and garbage collection areas. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of garbage collection areas and dumpsites in different parts of Nairobi as possible sources of resistant strains using E. coli and Klebsiella as indicator species. The study design was a cross-sectional survey. sample collection was carried out at different days in seventeen different areas. A total of 126 samples were collected during the sampling period. The samples were then transported to the laboratory for analysis. The samples were cultured on MacConkey agar. Gram staining was done on discrete isolates based on colony characteristics. Biochemical tests were performed on colonies from primary cultures for final identification of the isolates. Antimicrobial disc susceptibility tests and pathogenicity tests were also carried out on the indicator isolates. A total of 121 E. coli and 165 Klebsiella were isolated from all the sampled sites. The highest bacterial burden was recorded from Muthurwa estate dumpsite, with a mean viable count of 8.2 × 1010 cfu/gm while the least was from Dandora dumpsite with a mean count of 1.1 × 1011 cfu/gm. Overall, gentamicin was the most effective antibacterial agent on Klebsiella and meropenem was the most effective on both E. coli and Klebsiella strains. The isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. It is concluded that municipal waste dumpsites and garbage collection areas bear heavy burdens of potentially resistant bacteria which may constitute major public health hazards, not only to the immediate communities but also to the families of such site workers.

关键词： Dumpsite Garbage Collection Area Indicator Organisms Antimicrobial Resistance

Genetic Diversity in the Environmental Conditioning of Two sorghum (sorghum bicolorL.) Hybrids

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2018年第4期9卷 817-831页

作者： john J. Burke Yves Emendack Chad Hayes Junping Chen UsDA-ARs PA Cropping Systems Research Laboratory Lubbock TX USA

sorghum metabolism continually adapts to environmental temperature as thermal patterns modulate diurnally and seasonally. The degree of adaptation to any given temperature may be difficult to determine from phenotypic responses of the plants. The present study was designed to see if the efficiency of quantum yield of photosystem II could be used as a measure of how well leaf tissue metabolism was able to withstand a prolonged respiratory demand caused by elevated temperatures. The efficiency of quantum yield values of Pioneer 84G62 and Northrup King Ks585 commercial sorghum hybrids showed that when the hybrids were grown in a 28°C/20°C day/night cycle in the greenhouse or the field, Pioneer hybrid 84G62 withstood subsequent elevated thermal challenges better than Northrup King Ks585. The same hybrids grown in a 39°C/32°C day/night cycle showed similar efficiency of quantum yield values when thermally challenged. Water-deficit stress increased the heat resistance of the tissue raising the efficiency of quantum yield of both lines to the same level. Upon recovery from the water deficit stress the differential efficiency of quantum yield values between the two lines re-appeared. The data provided in this study suggest a metabolic advantage of Pioneer 84G62 to environmental thermal challenges compared with the Northrup King Ks585.

关键词： sorghum sorghum bicolor L. Thermal sensitivity Adaptation

seismic considerations for spent nuclear fuel storage in dry casks

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Engineering sciences 2013年第3期11卷 20-30页

作者： john L Bignell Jeffrey A smith Christopher A Jones susan Y Pickering sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque

To aid the United states Nuclear Regulatory Commission,sandia National Laboratories (sNL) was contracted to investigate the seismic behavior of typical dry cask storage systems. Parametric evaluations characterized the sensitivity of calculated cask response characteristics to input parameters. The parametric evaluation investigated two generic cask designs (cylindrical and rectangular),three different foundation types (soft soil,hard soil,and rock),and three different casks to pad coefficients of friction (0.2,0.55,0.8) for earthquakes with peak ground accelerations of 0.25g,0.6g,1.0g and 1.25g. A total of 1 165 analyses were completed,with regression analyses being performed on the resulting cask response data to determine relationships relating the mean (16 % and 84 % confidence intervals on the mean) to peak ground acceleration,peak ground velocity,and pseudo-spectral acceleration at 1 Hz and 5 % damping. In general,the cylindrical casks experienced significantly larger responses in comparison to the rectangular cask. The cylindrical cask experienced larger top of cask displacements,larger cask rotations (rocking),and more occurrences of cask toppling (the rectangular cask never toppled over). The cylindrical cask was also susceptible to rolling once rocking had been initiated,a behavior not observed in the rectangular cask. Cask response was not overly sensitive to foundation type,but was significantly dependent on the response spectrum employed.

关键词： dry cask storage spent nuclear fuel seismic analysis

Growth of Verticillium tricorpusmA saprophytic Fungus and Potential Entomopathogen of Cocoa Pod Borer as Affected by the Medium and Light

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Journal of Agricultural science and Technology(B) 2015年第5期5卷 317-328页

作者： Leopoldus Libero Bao~ Nursamsi Pusposendjojo Bambang Hadisutrisno john Bako Baon Faculty of Agriculture Gadjah Mada University Jl. Flora Bulaksumur Campus Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute Jl. P.B. Sudirman 90 Jember 68118 Indonesia

Cocoa pod borer （CPB） has endangered Indonesian cocoa. Use of entomopathogen in biocontrol of pests is considered to be environmentally friendly approach. Verticillium tricorpus has been reported to be a potential agent for controlling CPB. The aim of this research was to study the possibility in using alternative, easy and cheap media and also the role of intensity and quality of light for mass production of V. tricorpus. The experiments were laid out in split-plot design as factorial, where every combination treatment was replicated three times. Medium, in form of semi-synthetic and natural, was treated as the main plot, while light as sub-plot. Results of this study showed that for the growth and development of fungus V. tricorpus, the use of alternative natural media in form of a mixture of cocoa pod husk and maize was the best. Use of cocoa dextrose agar （CDA） as semi-synthetic medium was more suitable for the growth and development of V. tricorpus compared to potato dextrose agar （PDA）. The semi-synthetic and natural media consisted of cocoa husk and maize are suitable for cocoa production area in Indonesia, where mostly cocoa is planted in lowland area and mostly is also suitable for corn but not for potato growing. Growth of the fungus colony especially on CDA medium reached its optimum condition when using white light with the intensity of 1,000 lux. This study proved that the requirement for light quality was different between growth and development purposes. Development of V. tricorpus until the production of conidia in optimal condition was reached with the use of yellow light with the intensity of 1,000 lux.

关键词： E tricorpus growth media intensity light quality.

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中国化肥需求弹性计算

上海农业学报 2012年第1期28卷 86-90页

作者：黄文芳 john K.Dagsvik 复旦大学环境科学与工程系上海200433 挪威统计局研究部

为了分析国家政策对化肥消费的影响,选取1998-2007年不同省份单位面积化肥消费量、化肥价格指数以及农民纯收入为变量,对化肥支出函数进行了回归分析,计算出10年间不同省份化肥需求的价格弹性和收入弹性。结果表明:目前我国农业发展的... 详细信息

为了分析国家政策对化肥消费的影响,选取1998-2007年不同省份单位面积化肥消费量、化肥价格指数以及农民纯收入为变量,对化肥支出函数进行了回归分析,计算出10年间不同省份化肥需求的价格弹性和收入弹性。结果表明:目前我国农业发展的化肥基本消费量为0.35 t/hm^2,部分省份化肥消费过度;化肥市场还没有真正建立,价格对需求的影响较小。这表明化肥是农业经济发展的必需品,化肥施用量随农民收入的增加而增加,国家政策对化肥价格的干预是其需求不断上升的根本原因之一。这也在一定程度上说明仅通过环境税方式来改变农民化肥消费的政策效果有限,还需要转变现有的单纯促进农业经济发展的政策,朝着依据农民施肥方式是否有利于环境给予差异性补贴转变。

关键词：化肥价格需求弹性收入需求弹性