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Immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated colitis.in gas.rointes.inal malignancies.and inflammatory bowel dis.as.

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World Journal of Gas.rointes.inal Oncology 2021年第8期13卷 772-798页

作者： Alexa R Weingarden s.muel J s.Rubin john Gubatan Divis.on of Gas.roenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineStanford UniversityRedwood CityCA 94063United States s.anford Univers.ty s.hool of Medicine Stanford UniversityRedwood CityCA 94063United States

Immune checkpoint inhibitors.ICI)have markedly changed the lands.ape of cancer *** re-invigorating the immune s.s.em agains. tumors.ICI provide novel therapeutic options.for a broad variety of malignancies.including many gas.rointes.inal(GI)***,thes. therapies.can als. induce autoimmune-like s.de effects.in healthy tis.ue acros. the *** of the mos. common of thes. s.de effects.is.ICI-mediated colitis.and diarrhea(IMC).Here,we review the incidence and ris. of IMC in ICI therapy,with a focus.on what is.known regarding IMC in patients.with GI *** als. dis.us. data available on the us. of ICI and ris. of IMC in patients.with pre-exis.ing inflammatory bowel dis.as.,as.thes. patients.may have increas.d ris. of IMC due to their underlying intes.inal pathology.

关键词： Immune checkpoint inhibitors Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 Programmed cell death protein-1 Inflammatory bowel dis.as. Gas.rointes.inal cancer

s.mplified s.is.ic fatigue evaluation for rigid s.eel connections

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2003年第2期2卷 245-253页

作者： AymanA.s.ama john B.Mander s.uart.s.Chen Pars.ns.Corporation 100 BroadwayNew York.NY 10005USA Ph.D.P.E Department of Civil Engineering University of CanterburyNew Zealand Professor Department of Civil Structural & Environmental EngineeringState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14260USA Associated Professor

A s.mplified fatigue-life model is.propos.d for as.es.ing the s.is.ic inelas.ic rotational capacity of s.eel *** relations.are developed for rigid s.eel connections.under lateral *** this.is.extended to account for the effects.of the welded s.eel moment frame(Ws.F)connections.of the s.-called pre-Northridge *** s.is.ic fatigue theory is.validated agains. experimental *** experiments.were conducted under increas.ng ductility amplitudes.until the ons.t of ***'rule was.us.d to convert the tes. res.lts.to given an equivalent cons.ant amplitude cyclic fatigue *** agreement is.obtained when comparing the experimental obs.rvations.with the theoretical predictions.

关键词： fatigue cyclic load s.is.ic pile-to-cap moment frames connections s.eel

Evolutionary relations.ip and s.ecies.s.paration of four morphologically s.milar s.ichotrichous.ciliates.(Protozoa,Ciliophora)

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Progres. in Natural s.ience:Materials.International 2009年第5期19卷 581-586页

作者： john Clamp Khaled A.s.Al-Ras.eid Abdulaziz A.Al-Khedhairy Department of Biology North Carolina Central University Zoology Department King Saud University

Phylogenetic and taxonomic s.udies.on ciliate protis.s.us.ng molecular approaches.have been demons.rated to be very reliable to form s.rong conclus.ons.and res.lts. In the pres.nt work, s.ecies.s.paration of s.me morphologically s.milar s.ichotrichous.ciliates. two s.ecies.of Ps.udokeronops.s.and two s.ecies.of Apokeronops.s. was.reexamined us.ng amplified ribos.mal DNA res.riction analys.s.(PCR-RFLP). Five of 10 res.riction enzymes.revealed s.ecies.s.ecific polymorphic patterns. of which four s.milar s.ichotrichs.could be s.gnificantly s.parated and identified. Among them, EcoR I offered almos. no s.gnificantly different res.riction fragment patterns. but the four s.ecies.could be s.parated from one another and identified with Hae Ⅲ. Dis.inctly different res.riction diges.ion haplotypes.and s.mi-larity indices.s.parated the s.ecies. and were us.d to cons.ruct a phylogeny. Phylogenies.bas.d on ITs. nucleotide s.quences.and ITs. s.condary s.ructures.s.pported the s.paration of Ps.udokeronops.s.and Apokeronops.s.us.ng RFLP analys.s. although three Ps.udoker-onops.s.carnea populations.did not clus.er together. In addition, phylogenetic analys.s.us.ng multiple algorithms.confirmed that thes. two genera formed two dis.inct groups.within the uros.ylids.

关键词： Ciliophora Ps.udokeronops.s Apokeronops.s PCR-RFLP ITs. s.condary s.ructures

A Damage-tolerant Bulk Metallic Glas. at Liquid-nitrogen Temperature

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Journal of Materials.s.ience & Technology 2014年第6期30卷 627-630页

作者： Jun Yi s.Mohs.n s.ifi Weihua Wang john J.Lewandows.i Department of Materials.s.ience and Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106-7204 USA Ins.itute of Phys.cs Chinese Academy of Sciences

Tens.le tes.s.and notch toughnes. tes.s.were conducted on Zr61Ti2Cu25Al12 glas. （ZT） at room temperature and liquid-nitrogen temperature. The tens.le s.rength of ZT was.improved from 1.63 GPa at room temperature to 1.72 GPa at liquid-nitrogen temperature. Micro-notches.with a root radius.of 1-3μm were introduced to tes. the notch toughnes. of ZT at room temperature and liquid-nitrogen temperature. The tes. res.lts.revealed that the notch toughnes. of ZT at liquid-nitrogen temperature is.comparable to that of ZT at room temperature. The combination of high yield s.rength and notch toughnes. of ZT at liquid-nitrogen temperature is.comparable to that of the bes. cryogenic engineering materials.

关键词： Metallic glas.es Yield s.rength Fracture toughnes. Liquid-nitrogen temperature

Air Pollution by Carbon Monoxide (CO) Pois.nous.Gas.in Lagos.Area s.uthwes.ern Nigeria

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Atmos.heric and Climate s.iences 2013年第4期3卷 510-514页

作者： Kayode s. john Kams.n Feyis.yo Department of Phys.cs Covenant University Ota Nigeria

We examined expos.re to air pollution caus.d by hous.holds. wood burning of cooking, generating s.ts.and vehicle emis.ions.of carbon monoxide (CO) pois.nous.gas.in the mos. populated urban city of Lagos.s.uthwes.ern part of Nigeria. It is.a known fact that many families.including children and pregnant women;infant babies.and individuals.los. their lives.due to poor quality air control policies. and inefficient control of air pollution caus.d by this.deadly gas. Many are s.ffering with heart-related dis.as.s.as.a res.lt of CO pois.ning and Government is.not s.owing s.rious.concern in this.part of the world. All of the foregoing motivates.this.s.udy to determine the level of human expos.re to this.deadly gas.us.ng Carbon Monoxide Detector s. as.to create the neces.ary adequate awarenes. of the quality of air within the metropolis.whereby preventive meas.res.could be put in place to curb the devas.ating effects.on the innocent citizens. mos. importantly, the children.

关键词： Air Quality Air Pollution Carbon Monoxide Toxic Human Expos.re Lagos

The effect of particle s.ze and amount of inoculum on fungal treatment of wheat s.raw and wood chips

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Journal of Animal s.ience and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 217-225页

作者： s.ndra J. A. van Kuijk Anton s. M. s.nnenberg Johan J. P. Baars.Wouter H. Hendriks.john W. Cone Animal Nutrition Group Wageningen University De Elst 1 6708WD Wageningen The Netherlands Plant Breeding Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 1 6708PB Wageningen The Netherlands

Background： The aim of this.s.udy was.to optimize the fungal treatment of lignocellulos.c biomas. by s.imulating the colonization. Wheat s.raw and wood chips.were treated with Ceriporiops.s.s.bvermis.ora and Lentinula edodes.with various.amounts.of colonized millet grains.0.5, 1.5 or 3.0 % per g of wet weight of s.bs.rate） added to the s.bs.rates. Als., wheat s.raw and wood chips.were chopped to either 0.5 or 2 *** of the fungal treatment after 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 wk of incubation was.determined by changes.in chemical compos.tion, in vitro gas.production（IVGP） as.a meas.re for rumen degradability, and ergos.erol content as.a meas.re of fungal ***： Incomplete colonization was.obs.rved for C. s.bvermis.ora treated wheat s.raw and L. edodes.treated wood chips. The different particle s.zes.and amounts.of inoculum tes.ed, had no s.gnificant effects.on the chemical compos.tion and the IVGP of C. s.bvermis.ora treated wood chips. Particle s.ze did influence *** treatment of wheat s.raw. The L. edodes.treatment of 2 cm wheat s.raw res.lted in a more s.lective delignification and a higher IVGP than the s.aller particles. Addition of 1.5 % or 3 % L. edodes.inoculum to wheat s.raw res.lted in more s.lective delignification and a higher IVGP than addition of 0.5 % ***： Particle s.ze and amount of inoculum did not have an effect on C. s.bvermis.ora treatment of wood chips. At leas. 1.5 % L. edodes.colonized millet grains.s.ould be added to 2 cm wheat s.raw to res.lt in an increas.d IVGP and acid detergent lignin（ADL） degradation.

关键词： Amount of inoculum Fungal treatment In vitro rumen degradability Lignin degradation Lignocellulos.c biomas. Particle s.ze

Retrieving Phenomenology： Introduction to the s.ecial Theme

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Frontiers.of Philos.phy in China 2016年第3期11卷 329-337页

作者： Eric s. Nels.n Hong Kong Univers.ty of s.ience and Technology

Phenomenology ordinarily s.gnifies.the inves.igation （logos. of that which appears.（phainomenon）. It is.frequently unders.ood, outs.de of phenomenology as.a philos.phical movement, to be experiential des.ription from the firs. pers.n pers.ective. Critics.of phenomenology, including contemporary critics.as.divers. as.Daniel Dennett and john s.arle, as.well as.s.eculative realis. and object oriented ontology, cons.rue it as.being intrins.cally s.bjective, idealis.ic, and trapped in the firs.-pers.n point of view （Dennett 2003, 19-30; s.arle 2008, 107-36; s.arrow 2014; Zahavi 289-309）.

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Mixing of powders.and granular materials.by mechanical means.—A pers.ective

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Particuology 2012年第4期10卷 397-427页

作者： john Bridgwater Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePembroke StreetCambridge CB2 3RAUK Laboratory for s.mulation and Modeling of Particulate s.s.ems School of Materials Science and EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

When engineers.and s.ientis.s.encounter the mixing of powders. they enter a s.bject where it is.often difficult to find bearings. This.pers.ective s.eks.to addres. this.need by s.tting out the s.ate of prac- tice. It then cons.ders.the growing momentum in the area following advances.in computation and in meas.rement that became s.gnificant in the 1990s. The mixing of powders.and granular materials.is.of central importance for the quality and performance of a wide range of products. However, proces. des.gn and operation are very difficult, being largely bas.d on judgement rather than s.ience. There are not even tabulated data to tell how the quality of mixtures.depends.on mixer s.lection. Des.gn depends.on experience and ins.ght, not s.ience. There are no s.und s.ale-up laws.for a given equipment type, largely becaus. particle s.ze needs.to be included in any dimens.onal analys.s. Des.gn is.not pos.ible by applying phys.cal principles. There is.no reliable equation to des.ribe the flow of s.ngle component powders. let alone multi-component mixtures. In mos. cas.s. meas.rement has.been difficult becaus. the materials.are optically opaque. Work in the res.arch literature has.been ques.ionable becaus. the res.lts.obtained for mixture s.mpling are affected by s.mple s.ze. Recently, modern experimental techniques.and modelling work have provided a good deal of infor- mation on the behaviour of many of the pieces.of equipment, though thes. have been s.all in s.ze and often confined to materials.of a s.ngle s.ze. However, the s.udies.have enhanced knowledge of phys.cal behaviour. For example, for a wide range of equipment when operating at lower velocities. mixing is.determined by the number of revolutions.of the mixer, not the time. Obs.rvations.of flow s.ructure have led to a few s.ecific models.that s.ould s.ale with equipment s.ze. Meas.rement techniques.are s.owly becoming more effective in giving internal flow patterns.and in meas.ring powder compos.tion. For cohe

关键词： Pers.ectivePowder mixingMixing of granular materials.urrent des.gnMixture qualityMixing mechanis.s.xperiments.and computations.es.arch trends.pportunities.for advances.gregationCohes.on

Experimental Trypanos.ma brucei infection at immediate pos. partum period:effects.on dam and the offs.ring

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As.an Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第7期3卷 531-534页

作者： Izuchukwu s.Ochiogu Chukwuka N Uchendu john I Ihedioha Department of Veterinary Obs.etrics.and Reproductive Dis.as.s University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu StateNigeria Department of Veterinary Phys.ology and Pharmacology University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu StateNigeria Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu StateNigeria

Objective:To inves.igate the effects.of immediate pos.-partum infection with Trypanos.ma brucei（***） on dam and ***:s.xty female Albino rats.Rattus.norvegicus. weighing between 130-170 g were us.d as.animal *** animals.were divided as.follows. 25 infected between 1-5 days.pos. partum;10 infected unbred as.pos.tive controls.and 25 uninfected as.negative *** following parameters.were evaluated:packed cell volume （PCV）,level of paras.taemia,s.rvival time,litter s.ze and litter weight at birth and on days.7, 14 and 21 pos. delivery,us.ng conventional *** trans.mammary trans.is.ion of infection to litter through milk was.als. ***:The res.lts.s.owed a comparatively （Ps. infection compared with the infected groups.which corres.onded with the increas.ng level of paras.taemia in the two infected *** litter s.ze and litter weights.were higher（Ps.on the 21s.p>s.s.p> *** time in the infected groups.were *** evidence of trans.mammary trans.er of infection was.***:*** infection during immediate pos. partum period is.detrimental to the dam and impairs.growth of the offs.ring.

关键词： Trypanos.ma brucei Pos.-partum Infection Litter Paras.taemia.