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Palm oil biodiesel:An assessment of PAH emissions,oxidative potential and ecotoxicity of par.iculate matter

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Jour.al of Envir.nmental Sciences 2021年第3期33卷 326-338页

作者： Silvana Ar.as Fr.ncisco Molina john r.Agudelo Gr.po de Investigación en Gestión y Modelación Ambiental-GAIA Escuela AmbientalFacultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Antioquia UdeACalle 70 No.52-21MedellínColombia Depar.amento de Ingenier.a Mecánica Universidad de Antioquia UdeA

This wor. assessed the impact of fuelling an automotive engine with palm biodiesel(pur.,and two blends of 10%and 20%with diesel,B100,B10 and B20,r.spectively)oper.ting under.r.pr.sentative ur.an dr.ving conditions on 17 pr.or.ty polycyclic ar.matic hydr.car.on(PAH)compounds,oxidative potential of ascor.ic acid(OP^(AA)),and ecotoxicity thr.ugh D aphnia pulex mor.ality *** diluted with filter.d fr.sh air.WD)gather.d in a minitunel,and par.iculate matter.PM)collected dir.ctly fr.m the exhaust gas str.am(W/oD)wer. used for.*** showed that PM collecting method significantly impact PAH *** all PAH appear.d in both,WD and W/oD,higher.concentr.tions wer. obtained in the last *** biodiesel concentr.tion in the fuel blend decr.ased all PAH compounds,and those with 3 and 5 ar.matic r.ngs wer. the most *** biodiesel affected both OP^(AA)and *** B10 and B20 exhibited the same r.te of ascor.ic acid(AA)depletion,B100 showed significant faster.oxidation r.te dur.ng the fir.t four.minutes and oxidized 10%mor. AA at the end of the test.B100 and B20 wer. significantly mor. ecotoxic than *** lethal concentr.tion LC50 for.B10 was 6.13 mg/*** was concluded that palm biodiesel decr.ased PAH compounds,but incr.ased the oxidative potential and ecotoxicity.

关键词： Biodiesel Par.iculate matter P emissions Oxidative str.ss Ecotoxicity Daphnia pulex

The nonlinear.optical pr.per.ies of a magneto-exciton in a str.ined Ga_(0.2)In_(0.8)As/GaAs quantum dot

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第10期22卷 479-485页

作者： n.r.Senthil Kumar.A.john Peter.Chang Kyoo Yoo Depar.ment of Physics SBM College of Engineering and Technology Depar.ment of Physics Govt.Arts CollegeMelur-625 106MaduraiIndia Center.for.Envir.nmental Studies/Gr.en Ener.y Center Deptartment of Environmental Science and EngineeringCollege of EngineeringKyung Hee UniversitySeocheon-dong 1Giheung-guYongin-SiGyeonggi-Do446-701South Korea

The magnetic field-dependent heavy hole excitonic states in a str.ined ***/GaAs quantum dot ar. investi- gated by taking into account the anisotr.py, non-par.bolicity of the conduction band, and the geometr.cal confinement. The str.ined quantum dot is consider.d as a par.bolic dot of InAs embedded in a GaAs bar.ier.mater.al. The dependence of the effective excitonic g-factor.as a function of dot r.dius and the magnetic field str.ngth is numer.cally measur.d. The inter.and optical tr.nsition ener.y as a function of geometr.cal confinement is computed in the pr.sence of a mag- netic field. The magnetic field-dependent oscillator.str.ngth of inter.and tr.nsition under.the geometr.cal confinement is studied. The exchange enhancements as a function of dot r.dius ar. obser.ed for.var.ous magnetic field str.ngths in a str.ined ***/GaAs quantum dot. Heavy hole excitonic absor.tion spectr., the changes in r.fr.ctive index, and the thir.-or.er.susceptibility of thir.-or.er.har.onic gener.tion ar. investigated in the Gao.2Ino.8As/GaAs quantum dot. The r.sult shows that the effect of magnetic field str.ngth is mor. str.ngly dependent on the nonlinear.optical pr.per.y in a low-dimensional semiconductor.system.

关键词： oscillator.str.ngth exciton quantum dot

novel appr.ach for.evaluation of ser.ice r.liability for.electr.city customer.

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第9期52卷 2585-2590页

作者： JIAnG john n School of Electr.cal and Computer.Engineer.ng University of OklahomaNorman OK 73019 USA

Under.tanding r.liability value for.electr.city customer.is impor.ant to mar.et-based r.liability management. This paper.pr.poses a novel appr.ach to evaluate the r.liability for.electr.city customer. by using indiffer.nce cur.e between economic compensation for.power.inter.uption and ser.ice r.liability of electr.city. Indiffer.nce cur.e is for.ed by calculating differ.nt planning schemes of networ. expansion for.differ.nt r.liability r.quir.ments of customer., which r.veals the infor.ation about economic values for.differ.nt r.liability levels for.electr.city customer., so that the r.liability based on mar.et supply demand mechanism can be established and economic signals can be pr.vided for.r.liability management and enhancement.

关键词： power systems electr.city mar.et r.liability customer.’ outage cost indiffer.nce cur.e

Assessment str.tegies and fighting patter.s in animal contests： a r.le for.ser.tonin？

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Cur.ent Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 257-263页

作者： Andr.w n. BUBAK Alison r. GEr.En Michael J. WATT Jamie D, COSTABILE Kenneth J. r.nnEr.john G. SWALLOW Integr.tive Biology University of Colorado-Denver Denver CO 80217-3364 USA Molecular.Genetics and Micr.biology University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA Center.for.Br.in and Behavior.r.sear.h Basic Biomedical Sciences University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA Biology Depar.ment University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA

Accur.te assessment of the pr.bability of success in an aggr.ssive confr.ntation with a conspecific is cr.tical to the sur.ival and fitness of the individuals. Var.ous game theor. models have examined these assessment str.tegies under.the assumption that contests should favor.the animal with the gr.ater.r.sour.e-holding potential （r.P）, body size typically being the pr.xy. Mutual assessment asser.s that an individual can assess their.own r.P r.lative to their.opponent, allowing the infer.or.animal the chance to flee befor. incur.ing unnecessar. costs. The model of self-deter.ined per.istence, however. assumes that an individual will fight to a set per.onal thr.shold, independ- ent of their.opponent＇s r.P. Both models have been r.peatedly tested using size as a pr.xy for.r.P, with neither.r.ceiving unambiguous suppor.. Her. we pr.sent both mor.hological and neur.- physiological data fr.m size-matched and mismatched stalk-eyed fly fights. We discover.d differ. ing fighting str.tegies between winner. and loser.. Winner. r.adily escalated encounter. to higher.intensity and physical contact and engaged in less low-intensity, postur.ng behavior. compar.d with loser.. Although these fighting str.tegies wer. lar.ely independent of size, they wer. associ- ated with elevated levels of 5-HT. Under.tanding the neur.physiological factor. r.sponsible for.mediating the motivational state of opponents could help r.solve the inconsistencies seen in cur. r.nt game theor. models. Ther.for., we contend that cur.ent studies using only size as a pr.xy for.r.P may be inadequate in deter.ining the intr.cacies of fighting ability and that futur. studies investigating assessment str.tegies and contest outcome should include neur.physiological data.

关键词： aggr.ssion assessment fighting str.tegies ser.tonin monoamines r.sour.e-holding potential.

Optical pr.per.ies of excitons in str.ined Ga_x In_1-x As/GaAs quantum dot: effect of geometr.cal confinement on exciton g-factor

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Chinese Optics Letter. 2013年第8期11卷 80-86页

作者： n. r. Senthil Kumar.A. john Peter.Chang Woo Lee Depar.ment of Physics RVS School of Engineering College Depar.ment of Physics Govt.Arts College Depar.ment of Chemical Engineer.ng and Gr.en Ener.y Center College of EngineeringKyung Hee University

Taking into account anisotr.py, nonpar.bolicity of the conduction band, and geometr.cal confinement, we discuss the heavy-hole excitonic states in a str.ined GaxIn1-xAs/GaAs quantum dot for.var.ous Ga alloy contents. The str.ined quantum dot is consider.d as a spher.cal InAs dot sur.ounded by a GaAs bar.ier.mater.al. The dependence of the effective excitonic g-factor.as a function of dot r.dius and Ga ion content is numer.cally measur.d. Inter.and optical ener.y with and without the par.bolic effect is computed using str.ctur.l confinement. The inter.and matr.x element for.differ.nt Ga concentr.tions is also calculated. The oscillator.str.ngth of inter.and tr.nsitions on the dot r.dius is studied at differ.nt Ga concentr.tions in the GaxIn1-xAs/GaAs quantum dot. Heavy-hole excitonic absor.tion spectr. ar. r.cor.ed for.var.ous Ga alloy contents in the GaxIn1-xAs/GaAs quantum dot. r.sults show that oscillator.str.ngth diminishes when dot size decr.ases because of the dominance of the quantum size effect. Fur.her.or., exchange enhancement and exchange sDlitting incr.ase as exciton confinement iner.ases.

关键词： GaAs effect of geometr.cal confinement on exciton g-factor Optical pr.per.ies of excitons in str.ined Gax In1-x As/GaAs quantum dot

Exper.mental analysis of volatile liquid injection into a fluidized bed

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Par.icuology 2017年第5期15卷 39-47页

作者： A.H. Ahmadi Motlagh john r. Gr.ce Cedr.c Br.ens Fr.nco Ber.uti Masoumeh Far.hondehkavaki Majid Hamidi Depar.ment of Chemical and Biological Engineer.ng University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 BC Canada Institute for.Chemicals and Fuels fr.m Alter.ative r.sour.es (ICFAr. Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Western University London N6A 5B9 ON Canada

Exper.ments wer. conducted on a lab-scale fluidized bed to study the distr.bution of liquid ethanol injected into fluidized catalyst par.icles. Electr.cal capacitance measur.ments wer. used to study the liquid distr.bution inside the bed, and a new method was developed to deter.ine the liquid content inside fluidized beds of fluid catalytic cr.cking par.icles. The r.sults shed light on the complex liquid injection r.gion and r.veal the str.ng effect of super.icial gas velocity on liquid distr.bution inside the fluidized bed, which is also affected by the imbibition of liquid inside par.icle por.s. Par.icle inter.al por.sity was found to play a major.r.le when the changing mass of liquid in the bed was monitor.d. The r.sults also showed that the dur.tion of liquid injection affected liquid-solid contact inside the bed and that liouid-solid mixin~ was not homogeneous dur.n~ the limited liouid injection time.

关键词： Liquid injection Fluidized bed Fluid catalytic cr.cking Hydr.dynamics Vapor.zation

An imputation/copula-based stochastic individual tr.e gr.wth model for.mixed species Acadian for.sts： a case study using the nova Scotia per.anent sample plot networ.

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For.st Ecosystems 2017年第4期4卷 251-263页

作者： john A. Ker.haw Jr.Aar.n r. Weiskittel Michael B. Lavigne Elizabeth McGar.igle Univer.ity of new Br.nswick FrederictonNBCanada Univer.ity of Maine OroooMEUSA Atlantic For.str. Centr. Natural Resources Canada.FrederiaooNBCanada nova Scotia natur.l r.sour.es Forestry DivisionTruroNS B2N 0G9UK.

Backgr.und： A novel appr.ach to modelling individual tr.e gr.wth dynamics is pr.posed. The appr.ach combines multiple imputation and copula sampling to pr.duce a stochastic individual tr.e gr.wth and yield pr.jection system. Methods： The nova Scotia, Canada per.anent sample plot networ. is used as a case study to develop and test the modelling appr.ach. Pr.dictions fr.m this model ar. compar.d to pr.dictions fr.m the Acadian var.ant of the For.st Vegetation Simulator. a widely used statistical individual tr.e gr.wth and yield model. r.sults： Diameter.and height gr.wth r.tes wer. pr.dicted with er.or.r.tes consistent with those pr.duced using statistical models. Mor.ality and ingr.wth er.or.r.tes wer. higher.than those obser.ed for.diameter.and height, but also wer. within the bounds pr.duced by tr.ditional appr.aches for.pr.dicting these r.tes. Ingr.wth species composition was ver. poor.y pr.dicted. The model was capable of r.pr.ducing a wide r.nge of stand dynamic tr.jector.es and in some cases r.pr.duced tr.jector.es that the statistical model was incapable of r.pr.ducing. Conclusions： The model has potential to be used as a benchmar.ing tool for.evaluating statistical and pr.cess models and may pr.vide a mechanism to separ.te signal fr.m noise and impr.ve our.ability to analyze and lear. fr.m lar.e r.gional datasets that often have under.ying flaws in sample design.

关键词： near.st neighbor.imputation Copula sampling Individual tr.e gr.wth model Mor.ality Ingr.wth Mixed species stand development Acadian for.sts nova Scotia

Sur.ace plasma tr.atment effects on the molecular.str.ctur. at polyimide/air.and bur.ed polyimide/epoxy inter.aces

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Chinese Chemical Letter. 2015年第4期26卷 449-454页

作者： john n.Myer. Zhan Chen Depar.ment of Chemistr. University of Michigan

Polyimides ar. widely used as chip passivation layer. and or.anic substr.tes in micr.electr.nic packaging. Plasma tr.atment has been used to enhance the inter.acial pr.per.ies of polyimides, but its molecular.mechanism is not clear. In this r.sear.h, the effects of polyimide sur.ace plasma tr.atment on the molecular.str.ctur.s at cor.esponding polyimide/air.and bur.ed polyimideJepoxy inter.aces wer. investigated in situ using sum fr.quency gener.tion （SFG） vibr.tional spectr.scopy. SFG r.sults show that the polyimide backbone molecular.str.ctur. was differ.nt at polyimide/air.and polyimideJepoxy inter.aces befor. and after.plasma tr.atment. The differ.nt molecular.str.ctur.s at each inter.ace indicate that str.ctur.l r.or.er.ng of the polyimide backbone occur.ed as a r.sult of plasma tr.atment and contact with the epoxy adhesive. Fur.her.or., quantitative or.entation analysis indicated that plasma tr.atment of polyimide sur.aces alter.d the twist angle of the polyimide backbone at cor.esponding bur.ed polyimide/epoxy inter.aces. These SFG r.sults indicate that plasma tr.atment of polymer.sur.aces can alter.the molecular.str.ctur. at cor.esponding polymer.air.and bur.ed polymer.inter.aces.

关键词： Molecular.str.ctur.Vibr.tional spectr.scopySum fr.quency gener.tion spectr.scopy

CATALYTIC LABELLInG AnD ~3H nMr.AnALYSES OF SOME Ar.MATIC AnD HETEr.CYCLIC COMPOUnDS

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nuclear.Science and Techniques 1991年第3期2卷 184-189页

作者：张丽明 john r. Jones Chemistr. depar.ment University of Surrey Surrey U.K.

This paper.descr.bed the ~3H nMr.deter.ination of the positions and content of 24 tr.tium labeled ar.matic and heter.cyclic compounds pr.par.d by catalytic tr.tiation der.vatives, pyr.ole, 1,2,4-tr.azole, thiazole, benzothiazole, pur.ne and der.vatives, indole, indanol, piper.dine and der.vative, diphenylamine, n- phenylanthr.nilic acid, 8- OH- quinoline, naphthol, diphenylether.have been tr.tiated by catalytic exchange method using tr.tiated water.and platinum catalyst (fr.m the dioxide and sodium bor.hydr.de), and the patter. of labelling has been assigned by ~3H nMr.spectr.scopy. The r.sults show that this exchange pr.cess can give gener.l labelling compounds at var.ous time and temper.tur.s. For.4-Br.diphenylether. r.ney nickel was used instead of Pt as a catalyst.

关键词： ~3H nMr labeled heter.cyclic compounds ar.matic Catalytic labelling