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2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen D.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht john M.Schuna Jr. Zhenghui Cai Minghui Quan Catrine Tudor-Locke Melicia C.Whitt-Glover David r. Jacobs Jr. Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Sciences Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of Exercise and Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Gramercy research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across *** original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health ***:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 *** a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since *** replaced estimated METs with measured values when ***:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 *** added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older *** added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major ***:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health *** new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://***.

关键词： Adults Energy expenditure Exercise MET Physical Activities

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recent progress in functional metal-organic frameworks for bio-medical application

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regenerative Biomaterials 2024年第2期3卷 37-54页

作者： Wenwen Chai Xiaochen Chen Jing Liu Liyan Zhang Chunyu Liu Li Li john robert Honiball Haobo Pan Xu Cui Deping Wang School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Department of Orthopaedics&Traumatology School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have a high specific surface area,adjustable pores and can be used to obtain functional porous materials with diverse and well-ordered structures through coordination and self-assembly,which has intrigued wide interest in a broad range of *** the arena of biomedical engineering,the functionalized modification of MOFs has produced drug carriers with excellent dispersion and functionalities such as target delivery and response release,with promising applications in bio-detection,disease therapy,tissue healing,and other *** review summa-rizes the present state of research on the functionalization of MOFs by physical binding or chemical cross-linking of small *** *** hvdrogels and evaluates the role and approach of MOFs functionalization in boosting the reactivity of *** this basis,research on the application of functionalized MOFs composites in biomedical engineering fields such as drug delivery,tissue repair,disease treatment,bio-detection and imaging is surveyed,and the development trend and application prospects of functionalized MOFs as an important new class of biomedical materials in the biomedical field are anticipated,which may provide some inspiration and reference for further development of MOF for bio-medical applications.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks porous functionalization tissue repair disease treatment

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Adaptive strategies of high and low nucleic acid prokaryotes in response to declining resource availability and selective grazing by protozoa

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1872-1884页

作者： Chen HU Liuqian YU Xiaowei CHEN Jihua LIU Yao ZHANG john BATT Xilin XIAO Qiang SHI rui ZHANG Tingwei LUO Nianzhi JIAO Dapeng XU College of the Environment and Ecology Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth SciencesFujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon SequestrationXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Joint Lab for Ocean research and Education(LOrE)of Dalhousie University Canadaand Shandong University and Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences ThrustThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)Guangzhou 510000China Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Department of Oceanography Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova Scotia B3H 4R2Canada Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Carbon Neutral Innovation research Center Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

Prokaryotes play a fundamental role in global ocean biogeochemical ***,how the abundance and metabolic activity of ecologically distinct subgroups(i.e.,high nucleic acid(HNA)and low nucleic acid(LNA)cells),and their regulating factors,change in response to changing marine environmental conditions remains poorly ***,we delved into the time-evolving dynamic responses of the HNA and LNA prokaryotic subgroups to declining resource availability and selective grazing by protozoa by conducting a 73-day incubation experiment in a large-volume(117,000 L)macrocosm that facilitates community-level *** found that the metabolic activity of the HNA subgroup was higher than that of the LNA subgroup when the macrocosm was resource replete but that the HNA subgroup declined more rapidly than the LNA subgroup as the resources became increasingly scarce,leading to a steadily increasing contribution of LNA cells to prokaryotic ***,as resources in the macrocosm became limited,protozoan grazing preference shifted from the HNA to the LNA subgroup and the contributions of the LNA subgroup to the carbon flow within the macrocosm *** findings highlight the resilience of LNA cells in resource-limited environments,illuminate the critical role of selective grazing by protozoa in balancing distinct prokaryotic subgroups under changing resource conditions,and demonstrate the complex and adaptive interactions between protozoa and prokaryotes across diverse environmental contexts.

关键词： Microbial loop Macrocosm experiment Prokaryote Top-down and bottom-up controls Carbon flow

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从H1N1血凝素序列提取的沙门氏菌传递的COBrA-HA1抗原对甲型流感亚型产生广谱保护作用

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Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 41-56页

作者： ram Prasad Aganja Amal Senevirathne Chandran Sivasankar john Hwa Lee Department of Veterinary Public Health College of Veterinary MedicineJeonbuk National UniversityIksan 54596Republic of Korea Department of Preventive Medicine College of Veterinary MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea

A universal vaccine is in high demand to address the uncertainties of antigenic drift and the reduced effectiveness of current influenza *** this study,a strategy called computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen(COBrA)was used to generate a consensus sequence of the hemagglutinin globular head portion(HA1)of influenza virus samples collected from 1918 to 2021 to trace evolutionary changes and incorporate them into the designed *** carrying different HA1regions were delivered into eukaryotic cells by Salmonella-mediated bactofection using a Semliki Forest virus rNA-dependent rNApolymerase(rdrp)-based eukaryotic expression system,*** protein expression was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence *** immunized with the designed constructs produced a humoral response,with a significant increase in immunoglobulin G(IgG)levels,and a cell-mediated immune response,including a 1.5-fold increase in CD4^(+) and CD8^(+)T ***,constructs #1 and #5 increased the production of interferon-γ(IFN-γ)producing CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cells,skewing the response toward the T helper type 1 cell(Th1)***,interleukin-4(IL-4)-producing T cells were upregulated *** efficacy was demonstrated,with up to 4-fold higher production of neutralizing antibodies and a hemagglutination inhibition titer>40 against the selected viral *** designed constructs conferred a broadly protective immune response,resulting in a notable reduction in viral titer and minimal inflammation in the lungs of mice challenged with the influenza A/Pr8/34,A/Brisbane/59/2007,A/California/07/2009,KBPV Vr-92,and NCCP 43021 *** discovery revolutionizes influenza vaccine design and delivery;Salmonella-mediated COBrA-HA1 is a highly effective in vivo antigen presentation *** approach can effectively combat seasonal H1N1 influenza strains and potential pandemic outbreaks.

关键词： COBrA Influenza A Salmonella Vaccine Broad spectral protection

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Investigation and mitigation of Mott neuronal oscillation fluctuation in spiking neural network

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 291-301页

作者： Lindong WU Zongwei WANG Lin BAO Linbo SHAN Zhizhen YU Yunfan YANG Shuangjie ZHANG Guandong BAI Cuimei WANG john rOBErTSON Yuan WANG Yimao CAI ru HUANG School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Department of Engineering University of Cambridge

Mott devices, featuring low hardware cost and high energy efficiency, have been demonstrated as a key oscillatory element in artificial neurons to enable spiking neural networks(SNNs) such as conversionbased SNNs(CSNNs). However, there will be inevitably non-ideal fluctuation in the oscillation behavior,causing the accuracy degradation of networks. In this paper, we investigate the Mott neuronal oscillation fluctuation(NOF) through experiments and modeling. The results show that the NOF phenomenon conforms to Gaussian distribution and originates from thermal fluctuation induced switching voltage variations. We construct a two-layer CSNN for image recognition tasks to study the NOF effect and propose the activation function boundary(AFB) method to strengthen the stability of the network. The results indicate that AFB can improve the accuracy of CSNN by up to 15.5% by tightening output distribution.

关键词： Mott neuron oscillation fluctuation variation-aware Mott neuronal model conversion-based spiking neural network activation function boundary

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Assessment of the effectiveness of weight-adjusted antibiotic administration,for reduced duration,in surgical prophylaxis of primary hip and knee arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 170-179页

作者： Tosan Okoro Michael Wan Takura Darlington Mukabeta Ella Malev Marketa Gross Claudia Williams Muhammad Manjra Jan Herman Kuiper john Murnaghan Department of Arthroplasty Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation TrustOswestry SY107AGUnited Kingdom School of Medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST55BGUnited Kingdom St Joseph’s Health Centre Unity Health TorontoToronto M6R 1B5Canada Department of Arthroplasty The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondon E11BBUnited Kingdom Department of Arthroplasty Sunnybrook Holland Orthopaedic and Arthritis CentreToronto M4Y 1H1Canada Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST51BGUnited Kingdom

BACKGrOUND Prophylactic antibiotics have significantly led to a reduction in the risk of postoperative surgical site infections(SSI)in orthopaedic *** aim of using antibiotics for this purpose is to achieve serum and tissue drug levels that exceed,for the duration of the operation,the minimum inhibitory concentration of the likely organisms that are *** antibiotics reduce the rate of SSIs in lower limb arthroplasty from between 4%and 8%to between 1%and 3%.Controversy,however,still surrounds the optimal frequency and dosing of antibiotic *** To evaluate the impact of introduction of a weight-adjusted antibiotic prophylaxis regime,combined with a reduction in the duration of administration of post-operative antibiotics on SSI incidence during the 2 years following primary elective total hip and knee arthroplasty METHODS Following ethical approval,patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty(THA)/total knee arthroplasty(TKA)with the old regime(Or)of a preoperative dose[cefazolin 2 g intravenously(IV)],and two subsequent doses(2 h and 8 h),were compared to those after a change to a new regime(Nr)of a weight-adjusted preoperative dose(cefazolin 2 g IV for patientsr patients>120 kg)and a post-operative dose at 2 *** primary outcome in both groups was SSI rates during the 2 years *** A total of n=1273 operations(THA n=534,TKA n=739)were performed in n=1264 *** was no statistically significant difference in the rate of deep(Or 0.74%(5/675)vs Nr 0.50%(3/598);fishers exact test P=0.72),nor superficial SSIs(Or 2.07%(14/675)vs Nr 1.50%(9/598);chi-squared test P=0.44)at 2 years *** propensity score weighting and an interrupted time series analysis,there was also no difference in SSI rates between both groups[rr 0.88(95%CI 0.61 to 1.30)P=0.46].CONCLUSION A weight-adjusted regime,with a reduction in number of post-operative doses had no adverse impact on S

关键词： Antibiotics Weight-adjusted Hip and knee arthroplasty Surgical site infection

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Associations between health-related fitness and patient-reported symptoms in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 851-862页

作者： Ki-Yong An Fernanda Z.Arthuso Myriam Filion Spencer J.Allen Stephanie M.Ntoukas Gordon J.Bell Jessica McNeil Qinggang Wang Margaret L.McNeely Jeff K.Vallance Lin Yang S.Nicole Culos-reed Leanne Dickau john r.Mackey Christine M.Friedenreich Kerry S.Courneya Faculty of Kinesiology Sportand RecreationCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada Department of Kinesiology School of Health and Human SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNC 27412USA Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention research Cancer Care AlbertaAlberta Health ServicesCalgary T2S 3C3Canada Faculty of rehabilitation Medicine University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada Faculty of Health Disciplines Athabasca UniversityAthabasca T9S 3A3Canada Department of Oncology Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 4N1Canada Faculty of Kinesiology University of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada

Background:Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients experience symptoms that may affect their quality of life,treatment outcomes,and *** and managing breast cancer-related symptoms soon after diagnosis is *** purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between health-related fitness(HrF)and patient-reported symptoms in newly diagnosed breast cancer ***:This study utilized baseline data from the Alberta Moving Beyond Breast Cancer Cohort Study that were collected within 90 days of *** measures included peak cardiopulmonary fitness(peak volume of oxygen consumption(VO_(2peak))),maximal muscular strength and endurance,flexibility,and body *** measures included depression,sleep quality,and *** multivariable logistic regression was performed for ***:Of 1458 participants,51.5%reported poor sleep quality,26.5%reported significant fatigue,and 10.4%reported moderate *** multivariable-adjusted models,lower relative VO_(2peak)was independently associated with a greater likelihood of all symptom measures,including moderate depression(pr sleep quality(p=0.009),significant fatigue(p=0.008),any symptom(prated threshold associations with all symptom measures such that all 3 lower quartiles exhibited similar elevated risk compared to the highest *** strength of the threshold associations varied by the symptom measure with odds ratios ranging from-1.5 for poor sleep quality to-3.0 for moderate depression and multiple ***,lower relative upper body muscular endurance was also independently associated with fatigue in a dose-response manner(p=0.001),and higher body weight was independently associated with poor sleep quality in an inverted U pattern(p=0.021).Conclusion:relative VO_(2peak)appears to be a critical HrF component associated with multiple patient-reported symptoms in newly diag

关键词： Breast cancer Fatigue Depression Sleep quality Cardiorespiratory fitness

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Hepatic vein reconstruction during hepatectomy:A feasible and underused technique

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第4期23卷 421-427页

作者： Manish Ahuja Kunal Joshi Chris Coldham Paulo Muiesan Bobby Dasari Manuel Abradelo ravi Marudanayagam Darius Mirza john Isaac David Bartlett Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias robert P Sutcliffe Keith J roberts Department of HPB and Liver Transplant Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirminghamUK

Complete surgical resection(r0)of liver tumors,primary or metastatic,remains the main objective in management of primary and metastatic liver tumors[1].Tumors invading to the proximity of the hepatic venous outflow pose a peculiar challenge to achieve r0 resections,because this location may render a tumor *** median survival of patients with liver tumor without surgery is less than 12 months[2].Even with surgery,post-hepatectomy liver failure and subsequently increased mortality are the main problems associated with complex resection[3].Moreover,when the vein is affected,vein resection and subsequent reconstruction are *** resection is a standard practice in liver resection and transplantation[4],for example,hepatic vein reconstruction during a living-donor liver transplant,porto-mesenteric axis reconstruction during resection of advanced pancreatic cancer and caval reconstruction during resection of retroperitoneal ***,novel techniques like total hepatic vascular exclusion(HVE)[5],veno-venous bypass[6]and ex vivo hepatic resection[7,8]have facilitated curative resections of tumors close to one or more major hepatic veins.

关键词： hepatectomy surgery mortality

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Photonics for net zero

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Advanced Photonics 2022年第1期4卷 2-4页

作者： john r.Lincoln Photonics Leadership Group and Harlin Ltd. SalisburyUnited Kingdom

Achieving net zero will be the biggest technological challenge of the 21^(st)century.A truly global,all-pervasive challenge impacting every application,market,and *** are no guidelines,instructions,or silver bullets that provide overnight *** net zero will be a sum of countless innovations across energy generation,resource efficiency,and waste *** will have a pivotal role in all of these;directly,by reducing the carbon impact from using light-based technologies;and indirectly,through increased use of photonics in monitoring and reduction in greenhouse gasses across a vast range of industries.

关键词： technology silver Photonics

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Philippine retinoblastoma initiative multi-eye center study 2010-2020

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 144-156页

作者： roland Joseph D.Tan Gary john V.Mercado Patricia E.Cabrera Paulita Pamela P.Astudillo rolando Enrique D.Domingo Josept Mari S.Poblete Charmaine Grace M.Cabebe Adriel Vincent r.Te Melissa Anne S.Gonzales Jocelyn G.Sy Beltran Alexis A.Aclan Jayson T.So Fatima G.regala Kimberley Amanda K.Comia Josemaria M.Castro Mara Augustine S.Galang Aldous Dominic C.Cabanlas Benedicto Juan E.Aguilar Gabrielle S.Evangelista Jo Michael Maniwan Andrei P.Martin Calvin Y.Martinez john Alfred H.Lim rena Ivy Bascuna rachel M.Ng Kevin B.Agsaoay Kris Zanna A.Acluba-Arao Ellaine rose V.Apostol Beatriz M.Prieto Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Philippine General HospitalManila 1000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Baguio General Hospital and Medical CenterBaguio City 2600Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Manila Doctors HospitalManila 1000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Rizal Medical CenterPasig City 1600Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Jose B.Lingad Memorial Regional HospitalPampanga 2000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Southern Philippines Medical CenterDavao City 8000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology East Avenue Medical CenterQuezon City 1100Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Northern Mindanao Medical CenterCagayan de Oro City 9000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Cebu Velez General HospitalCebu City 6000Philippines Legazpi Eye Center Legazpi City 4500Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Cagayan Valley Medical CenterTuguegarao City 3500Philippines

AIM:To provide a comprehensive and more representative national data on the disease,especially on treatment options and outcomes,and to determine access of retinoblastoma patients from Luzon,Visayas and Mindanao to eye care,and determine if access is associated with delay in consultation,staging and ***:Cohort study of retinoblastoma patients seen in eleven institutions located in the three major areas of the Philippines namely Luzon,Vizayas and Mindanao from ***:Totally 636 patients,involving 821 eyes,were ***(57%)were from Luzon and were seen in institutions in Luzon(72%).Annually,58±10 new cases were seen with 71%having unilateral *** delay of consultation remained long at 9(3,17)mo,longest in patients with unilateral disease(Prom the Visayas(Prnational retinoblastoma Staging System,only 35%of patients had Stage 1 while 47%already had extraocular *** was the most common treatment received by 484 patients while intravenous chemotherapy was received by *** were 250(39%)patients alive,195(31%)dead,85(13%)abandoned,17(3%)refused and 89(14%)with no ***:This study presents the largest cohort of retinoblastoma patients in the Philippines in terms of patients’and participating institutions’number and geographical location and type of institution(private and public).It also presents more comprehensive data on the treatments used and outcomes(survival,globe salvage,and vision retention rates).Delay in consultation was still long among patients leading to advanced disease stage and lower survival *** increasing capacity to diagnose and manage retinoblastoma in the country,the delay of consultation remains long primarily due to accessibility issues to eye care institutions especially in the Visayas and financial *** delay was still significant that overall survival rate remain low.

关键词： retinoblastoma Philippines clinical profile

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