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Developments,bottlenecks,and opportunities in seed markets for improved forages in East Africa:The case of Kenya

Grassland Research 2024年第1期3卷 79-96页

作者： Jesús F.Florez peggy Karimi john J.J.paredes Natalia T.Ángel Stefan Burkart International Center for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Tropical Forages ProgramCaliColombia International Center for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Tropical Forages ProgramNairobiKenya

Background:Cattle farming plays a pivotal role in Africa's agricultural and livestock sector,poised for growth due to population expansion and rising per capita consumption of animal-sourced *** are a primary source of feed for dairy cattle,signiﬁcantly impacting production *** local forage varieties are preferred by dairy farmers,there has been an increase in the adoption of improved forages in recent ***,the overall adoption rate is still low,for example,due to underdeveloped forage seed ***:This study describes the dynamics,challenges,and potential of these markets in Kenya and selected East African countries,focusing on(i)market evolution over the past decade,(ii)forthcoming market prospects,and(iii)bottlenecks and opportunities for *** were gathered in 2022 through qualitative interviews with stakeholders representing six segments of the forage seed sector across six ***:We found a sustained growth of the improved forage seed market in recent *** main challenges for further growth are high seed prices,regulatory difﬁculties,and limited producer ***:Theﬁndings unveil positive dynamics in the region's forage seed market,fueled by the engagement and determination of stakeholders who recognize the manifold beneﬁts that it holds for both the dairy industry and economic *** realization of this market's potential requires addressing prevailing challenges,including elevated seed costs,intricate variety registration processes,and a pervasive lack of awareness among farmers.K E Y W O R D S animal productivity,dairy,improved forages,market development,sustainability,tropical forages adoption *** need to involve governmental entities and seed companies is recognized since both actors have so far mostly worked ***-theless,the strong partnership between the Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT and Grupo papalotla is highlighted as an example of coordinated work

关键词： animal productivity dairy improved forages market development sustainability tropical forages

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学校领导技能对教师教学效果的影响——以坦桑尼亚姆万扎地区为例

学校领导技能对教师教学效果的影响——以坦桑尼亚姆万扎地区为例

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作者： john J. Malagira 华东师范大学

学位级别：硕士

尽管学校的领导技能水平符合区、县及学校层面对学生学业成绩所设目标的落实要求,但教育领导者同时还影响着学校教师的教学效果。本研究以领导技能对教师教学效果的影响为研究课题。在姆万扎区,教师的教学效果不容乐观,其前景也并不明... 详细信息

尽管学校的领导技能水平符合区、县及学校层面对学生学业成绩所设目标的落实要求,但教育领导者同时还影响着学校教师的教学效果。本研究以领导技能对教师教学效果的影响为研究课题。在姆万扎区,教师的教学效果不容乐观,其前景也并不明朗。本研究采用定性研究的方法,以揭示领导技能在提升教师教学效果方面的应用现状。同时,本研究采用归纳和探索性研究设计,采用随机抽样方法确定研究对象。本研究从1326名教师和校长为母体的研究对象中抽取了其中的9.8%来分析。本研究涉及32名学校校长和98名中学教师,共计130名受访者。本研究涉及32所随机抽选的中学,每所中学有10%的教师参与了此次研究。本研究采用定性研究方法,通过访谈、焦点小组讨论和问卷调查的形式收集所需信息。研究数据的呈现、分析、阐释及讨论以两个章节进行分述。第四章主要分析了学校校长和坦桑尼亚国家考试委员会(NECTA)的统计数据以及有关学生学业成绩的各方数据,而这些成绩是对教师教学效果的反映;第五章则主要讨论了收集自焦点小组讨论和访谈对话的信息。此外,本研究采用描述性和探索性的内容分析方法进行数据分析,数据内容以表格形式呈现。本研究认为,在提高中学教师的教学效果方面,人事、概念、技术和专业领导技能没有得到合适有效的应用。在提高教学效果方面,中学教师高度依赖概念、人事、技术和专业领导技能,而不是经验和过往背景。这并不意味着除了受到学校领导的关注以外,领导技能就无益于提高姆万扎地区教师的教学效果,而是领导技能未能有效地用于改善教师的教学效果。因此,本研究建议对人事,技术,专业和概念领导技能进行有效应用。通过问卷调查、访谈和焦点小组讨论,受访者主要提出了四种针对学校校长和教师的领导技能培养方法,分别是在职培训、向教学效果有所提升的教师提供激励性补偿、制定领导技能政策和为教师创造有利的工作环境。上述技能将用于提高教师的教学效果,而提高教学效果的途径便是使学生取得优异成绩。教师的优异教学效果体现于学生的I、II、iii级得分,教师的不佳教学效果则体现于学生的IV和0级得分。本研究以Ketz(1995)的技能理论和Mumford的领导技能模型(2000)为理论基础。这两种理论与本研究所提出的四种学校领导技能(人事、概念、技术和专业)直接相关。学校校长及教育领导者需共同运用这四种领导技能,以使教师的教学效果提高至最佳水平。但是,由于所管教师的背景和秉性不同,在运用领导技能时,教育领导者若取其一而舍其他,则可能无法实现预期效果。

关键词：领导力技能教师教学效果

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Chemoembolization Combined with RFA for HCC:Survival Benefits and Tumor Treatment Response

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2013年第2期4卷 493-499页

作者： Renumathy Dhanasekaran Vinit Khanna David A. Kooby john S. Kauh john D. Carew Hyun S. Kim Biostatistics Winship Cancer Institute Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta USA Hematology and Medical Oncology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta USA Interventional Radiology and Image Guided Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta USA Surgery Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta USA

purpose: To investigate survival benefits and tumor treatment response among patients who received treatment with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and TACE alone. Materials and Methods: A total of 108 HCC patients were treated with TACE between the period of 1998 and 2008. 51 (47.2%) received TACE followed by planned RFA and 57 (52.8%) received TACE alone. 57 patients received precision TACE with Doxorubicin drug eluting beads and 51 received conventional TACE. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan Meier Estimator with a log rank test, Fischer exact test was performed for categorical variables and the t test for continuous variables. Results: Mean MELD (Model for End Stage Liver Disease) score among the TACE-RFA and TACE-only groups were 12.87 and 12.33 respectively (p = 0.64). The number of patients in Child’s Class A, B, C in the two groups were 28/15/8 and 23/23/11 (p = 0.30);in Okuda Class I, II and iii in the two groups were 22/23/6 and 14/30/9 (p = 0.2). Median survival among patients who received TACE-RFA and TACE alone were 566 days and 209 days (p = 0.01). Median survival of patients treated with precision-TACE + RFA was 566 days and that of patients treated with conventional TACE + RFA was 336 days (p = 0.510). Mean progression-free duration by RECIST criteria among the TACE + RFA group was 210 days vs. TACE only group 97 days (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Combination therapies of TACE and RFA were associated with improved overall survival than TACE alone. patients with single tumors cm appeared to have a survival advantage with combination therapy when compared to larger tumors. TACE-RFA was associated with improved tumor response and progression-free duration than TACE alone.

关键词： TACE RFA Survival RECIST

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possible Bornu Basin Hydrocarbon Habitat—A Review

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第9期5卷 983-996页

作者： john Adeyinka Adekoya peter Sunday Ola Solomon Ojo Olabode Department of Applied Geology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria Department of Geological Sciences Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria

An attempt is made in this article to examine and assess the possible petroleum habitat in the Bornu Basin, which is the Nigerian portion of the Mega-Chad Basin that has been found to host oil and gas in commercial quantities in Niger, Chad and Cameroon. The presence of three of the fundamental geological factors (source rock, reservoir rock and seal/trap) for commercial hydrocarbon accumulation was assessed in the light of existing information. Available geochemical information reveals that the shales of the Bima, Gongila and Fika Formations in the Bornu Basin contain sufficient organic matter for hydrocarbon generation. Limited existing geochemical data suggest that the quantity and quality of the organic matter in the shales vary widely with the TOC of most samples ranging from 0.54 wt% - 1.25 wt% and the HI from 11 - 173.80 mg/g in intervals with Tmax in the range of 365°C - 519°C. In addition, the kerogen type is predominantly type iii with minor type II, thus suggesting a predominant gas prone basin. possible reservoir rocks occur as sand/sandstone beds within the Bima, Gombe, and Kerri-Kerri, as well the Gongila Formation which also contains much shale and limestone. Both stratigraphic and structural trapping conditions exist in the Bornu Basin. The structural traps were presumably formed during the widespread Santonian tectonic inversion that affected the entire Mega-Chad Basin. It is suggested that deeper drilling into the sands and sandstone of the untested Bima Formation that could host hydrocarbon of commercial quantities, as evidenced by the discoveries at deeper depths in the neighbouring Termit Basin, was desirable.

关键词： Organic Geochemistry Bornu Basin Source Rock Reservoir Trap

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Rheological Modeling of the Effects of Adulteration on Nigerian Honey

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2018年第3期8卷 249-263页

作者： john Uju Nwalor Faith Uchenna Babalola Vincent Okechukwu Anidiobu Department of Chemical Engineering University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Food process Engineering Section Department of Food Technology The Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti Nigeria

Honey was serially diluted with different percentages of glucose, fructose and water and each was analysed rheologically at room temperature of 27°C. pure honey exhibits thixotropic time-dependent rheological behaviour, the behaviour of glucose and fructose solutions in water (a Newtonian solvent) tends towards near Newtonian. The rheological profiles of pure and adulterated honey samples were determined using RV DV-iii Ultra programmable Rheometer at low rates of share. A Structural Kinetic Model was developed which provided good correlations with the rheological data. The new model was used to classify samples using their average molecular weights as one of the distinguishing parameters. Also the order of the kinetics in the new model suggests the number of active components in the “honey” undergoing deformation as 3. Carreau-Yasuda model was also improved upon to provide an independent assessment of average molecular weight of samples.

关键词： Honey Rheology Structural Kinetic Model Amended Carreau-Yasuda Model Honey Adulteration

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Analysis of phenotype array data from Biolog Microplates TM.

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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版） 2004年第4期30卷 456-456页

作者： john Bissett Carol Ann Nolan Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre K.W. Neatby Building Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada K1A 0C6.Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre K.W. Neatby Building Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada K1A 0C6.

Biolog Microplates TM. are employed to characterize Trichoderma isolates based on differential assimilation of test substrates and redox reactions in a 96-well test plate. The Biolog method is potentially advantageous in being relatively simple, fast and economical, and data acquisition can be automated using a microplate reader and applicable software. Several research applications of the Biolog system are presented: i) “monophenetic groups” from cluster analyses of phenotype array data are investigated for previously undetected new species in Trichoderma, ii) metabolic characters differentiating species are identified, and multivariate analyses performed to complement molecular data in validating new species and significant variants, and iii) phenotype array data for more than 1200 Trichoderma strains are analysed to select strains that might be exploited for bioconversions and commercial production of enzymes. phenotype arrays are much more sensitive to strain level variation than molecular techniques, however, phenotype array data do not consistently reflect phylogenies constructed from molecular data. Nevertheless, the Biolog phenotype array is an economical alternative method for surveying biological diversity, and provides data that complements molecular data in phylogenetic studies.

关键词：表现型基因序列微量培养板木霉属真菌

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predictability of Vesicoureteral Reflux Using Interlobar Renal Arterial Resistive Indices in Sonographically Normal pediatric Kidneys-preliminary Results

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2012年第3期2卷 90-95页

作者： john Amodio Rafael Rivera Lynne pinkney Naomi Strube Nancy Fefferman Department of Radiology New York University School of Medicine New York USA Department of Radiology SUNY Downstate Medical Center New York USA

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic utility of interlobar renal arterial resistive index values, in predicting the presence of vesicoureteral reflux in children with sonographically normal appearing kidneys. Methods: We investigated 35 children with a history of urinary tract infection with grayscale and color Doppler ultrasound (US) fol-lowed by a standard voiding cystouretherogram to assess the presence of vesicoureteral reflux. All renal units (individ-ual kidneys) were morphologically normal without evidence of hydronephrosis. Resistive index (RI) was measured at the level of the interlobar arteries. Results: Of a total of 67 kidney units, 3 kidney units yielded no diagnostic results due to technical factors (crying, agitation). 46 kidney units (69%) were not associated with any degree of reflux. 17 kidney units (25%) were associated with low-mid grade reflux (grades I - iii). 4 kidney units (6%) were associated with high grade reflux (grades IV - V). No statistically significant correlation was found between the interlobar resistive indices of sonographically normal appearing kidneys and the presence, absence, or degree of vesicoureteral reflux. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that resistive index measurements taken in the interlobar arteries of sonographically normal appearing kidneys cannot be used to predict the presence or absence of vesicoureteral reflux.

关键词： Kidney Reflux Resistive Index Ultrasound Urinary Tract Infection pediatrics

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Expanded Scope of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)Vaccine Applicability in Disease prophylaxis,Diagnostics,and Immunotherapeutics

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2020年第4期2卷 144-150页

作者： Oluwafolajimi A.Adesanya Christabel I.Uche-Orji Yeshua A.Adedeji john I.Joshua Adeniyi A.Adesola Chibuike J.Chukwudike Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training(IAMRAT) College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Medicine College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria.

Following the discovery of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)vaccine,its efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis was soon established,with several countries adopting universal BCG vaccination schemes for their ***,however,studies aimed to further establish the efficacy of the vaccine in different populations discovered that the vaccine has a larger effect in reducing mortality rate than could be explained by its effect on tuberculosis alone,which sparked suggestions that the BCG vaccine could have effects on other unrelated or non-mycobacterial pathogens causing diseases in *** effects were termed heterologous,non-specific or off-target effects and have been shown to be due to both innate and adaptive immune system *** carried out in a bid to further understand these effects led to many more discoveries about the applicability of the BCG vaccine for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of certain disease *** we approach the second century since the discovery of the vaccine,we believe it is timely to review these interesting applications of the BCG vaccine,such as in the prevention of diabetes,atherosclerosis,and leukemia;the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease;and the treatment of multiple sclerosis,non-muscle invading bladder cancer,and stage iii ***,complications associated with the administration of the BCG vaccine to certain groups of patients,including those with severe combined immunodeficiency and HIV,have been well described in literature,and we conclude by describing the mechanisms behind these complications and discuss their implications on vaccination strategies,especially in low-resource settings.

关键词： BCG autoimmunity immunotherapeutics complications non-specific effects

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35个铁陨石化学组成研究及其在分类学中的应用

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地球化学 1985年第2期14卷 115-122页

作者：王道德 Daniel J.Malvin john T.Wasson 中国科学院地球化学研究所 Institute of Geophysics and planetary physics University of California Los Angeles Ca. 90024 U. S. A.

我们在中国某些铁陨石化学分类的基础土，又对11个南极铁陨石及10个美国和其他国家的铁陨石进行了多元素的分析和研究。除首次对11个南极铁陨石进行化学构造分类外，还将以前划分为ⅢAB的新疆铁陨石重新划分为ⅢE化学群，并增加和更正... 详细信息

我们在中国某些铁陨石化学分类的基础土，又对11个南极铁陨石及10个美国和其他国家的铁陨石进行了多元素的分析和研究。除首次对11个南极铁陨石进行化学构造分类外，还将以前划分为ⅢAB的新疆铁陨石重新划分为ⅢE化学群，并增加和更正了中国14个铁陨石的一些数据。故本文一并讨论35个铁陨石化学组成的研究结果。

关键词：铁陨石化学组成元素组成岩石学分类学

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Rapid Magnetic 3D printing of Cellular Structures with MCF-7 Cell Inks

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Research 2019年第1期2019卷 1183-1195页

作者： S.Mishriki A.R.Abdel Fattah T.Kammann R.p.Sahu F.Geng I.K.puri School of Biomedical Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Mechanical Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Faculty of Biological Sciences Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaGermany

A contactless label-free method using a diamagnetophoretic ink to rapidly print three-dimensional(3D)scafold-free multicellular structures is *** inks consist of MCF-7 cells that are suspended in a culture medium to which a paramagnetic salt,diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid gadolinium(iii)dihydrogen salt hydrate(Gd-DTpA),is *** a magnetic feld is applied,the host fuid containing the paramagnetic salt is attracted towards regions of high magnetic feld gradient,displacing the ink towards regions with a low *** this method,3D structures are printed on ultra-low attachment(ULA)*** a tissue culture treated(TCT)surface,a 3D printed spheroid coexists with a two-dimensional(2D)cell monolayer,where the composite is termed as a 2.5D *** 3D structures can be magnetically printed within 6 hours in a medium containing 25 mM *** infuence of the paramagnetic salt on MCF-7 cell viability,cell morphology,and ability of cells to adhere to each other to stabilize the printed structures on both ULA and TCT surfaces is *** expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha(HIF1�)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)allow comparison of the relative stresses for the printed 3D and 2.5D cell geometries with those for 3D spheroids formed without magnetic *** magnetic printing method can be potentially scaled to a higher throughput to rapidly print cells into 3D heterogeneous cell structures with variable geometries with repeatable dimensions for applications such as tissue engineering and tumour formation for drug discovery.

关键词： structure culture dimensions

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