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Latest updates on structure and recommendations of cardiac rehabilitation programs in chronic heart failure

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第8期12卷 1382-1387页

作者： Christos Kourek Alexandros Briasoulis Dimitrios E Magouliotis john Skoularigis Andrew Xanthopoulos Medical School of Athens National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 15772Greece Department of Clinical Therapeutics Alexandra HospitalFaculty of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11528Greece Department of Surgery University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41110Greece of Cardiology University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41110Greece

Chronic heart failure(HF)is a clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mor-tality *** rehabilitation(CR)is a medically supervised program designed to maintain or improve cardiovascular health of people living with HF,recommended by both American and European guidelines.A CR program con-sists of a multispecialty group including physicians,nurses,physiotherapists,trainers,nutritionists,and psychologists with the common purpose of improving functional capacity and quality of life of chronic HF *** activity,lifestyle,and psychological support are core components of a successful CR *** has been shown to be beneficial in all ejection fraction categories in HF and most patients,who are stable under medication,are capable of *** individualized exercise prescription should be developed on the basis of a baseline evaluation in all *** main modalities of exercise training are aerobic exercise and muscle strength training of different intensity and *** is important to set the appropriate clinical outcomes from the beginning,in order to assess the effectiveness of a CR *** are still significant limitations that prevent patients from participating in these programs and need to be solved.A significant limitation is the generally low quality of research in CR and the presence of negative trials,such as the rehabilitation after myocardial infarction trial,where comprehensive rehabilitation following myocardial infraction had no important effect on mortality,morbidity,risk factors,or health-related quality of life or *** the present editorial,we present all the updated knowledge and recommendations in CR programs.

关键词： Cardiac rehabilitation Heart failure Outcomes Exercise protocols prescription Future perspectives Limitations

Early-onset gastrointestinal cancer:An epidemiological reality with great significance and implications

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 583-597页

作者： john K Triantafillidis Konstantinos Georgiou Manousos M Konstadoulakis Apostolos E papalois Department of IBD and GI Endoscopy Metropolitan General HospitalHolargos 15562AthensGreece.Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece 2nd Department of Surgery University of Athens School of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece

During the last few years,epidemiological data from many countries suggest that the incidence and prevalence of many cancers of the digestive system are shifting from the older to the younger ages,the so-called“early-onset cancer”.This is particularly evident in colorectal cancer and secondarily in other malignant digestive neoplasms,mainly stomach and in a lesser degree pancreas,and biliary *** should be emphasized that data concerning digestive neoplasms,except for those referring to the colon and stomach,could be characterized as rather *** exact magnitude of the shift in younger ages is expected to become clearer shortly,as long as relevant epidemiological data from many parts of the world would be *** most important question concerns the etiology of this phenomenon,since its magnitude cannot be explained solely by the better diagnostic methodology and the preventive programs applied in many *** existing data support the assumption that a number of environ-mental factors may play a primary role in influencing carcinogenesis,sometimes from *** that have appeared in the last decades related mainly to eating habits,consistency of gut microbiome and an increase of obese people interacting with genetic factors,ultimately favor the process of *** these factors however,are not entirely sufficient to explain the age-related changes in the frequency of digestive *** of the individual effect of each of the already known factors or factors likely to be involved in the etiology of this phenomenon and studies using state-of-the-art technologies to accurately determine the degree of the population exposure to these factors are *** this article,we attempt to describe the epidemiological data supporting the age-shifting of digestive malignancies and their possible ***,we propose some measures regarding the attitude of the scientific community to this alarming phenomenon.

关键词： Gastrointestinal cancer Endoscopy Epidemiology Early-onset Environment

A four-band index for both liquid and solid water and its applications in the Aral Sea Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 769-788页

作者： Bing YUE Xi CHEN Saibo LI Zhengping DU john WILSON Junhui YANG Yimen JIAO Shuangyan HUANG Chenghu ZHOU Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Spatial Sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

Various investigations have been conducted to analyze the water-coverage area of the Aral Sea and the Aral Sea Basin(ASB). However, the investigations incorporated considerable uncertainty and the used water indices had misclassification problem, which made different research groups present different results. Thus we first ascertain the boundaries of the ASB, the Syr and Amu river basins as well as their upper, middle and lower reaches. Then a four-band index for both liquid and solid water(ILSW) is proposed to address the misclassification problems of the classic water indices. ILSW is calculated by using the reflectance values of the green, red, near infrared, and thermal infrared bands, which combines the normalized difference water index(NDWI) and land surface temperature(LST) together. Validation results show that the ILSW water index has the highest accuracy by far in the Aral Sea Basin. Our results indicate that annual average decline of the water-coverage area was 963 km^(2) in the southern Aral Sea, whereas the northern Aral Sea has experienced little change. In the meanwhile, permanent ice and snow in upper reach of ASB has retreated considerably. Annual retreating rates of the permanent ice and snow were respectively 6233and 3841 km^(2) in upper reaches of Amu river basin(UARB) and Syr river basin(USRB). One of major reasons is that climate has become warmer in ASB. The climate change has caused serious water deficit problem. The water deficit had an increasing trend since the 1990s and its increasing rates was 3.778 billion m^(3) yearly on average. The total water deficit was 76.967 billion m^(3) on average in the whole area of ASB in the 2010s. However, up reaches of Syr river basin(USRB), a component area of ASB, had water surplus of 25.461 billion m^(3). These conclusions are useful for setting out a sustainable development strategy in ASB.

关键词： Aral Sea Basin Syr river basin Amu river basin Water indices Water-coverage area Water deficit Climate change

Long-term olfactory loss post-COVID-19:pathobiology and potential therapeutic strategies

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 148-155页

作者： Sarah Kim john B.Finlay Tiffany Ko Bradley J.Goldstein Department of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Medical Scientist Training program Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Neurobiology Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

An acute loss of smell emerged as a striking symptom present in roughly half of the people infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus in the early phases of the COVID-19 *** most COVID-19 patients,olfaction recovers over the course of a few ***,a lasting partial or complete loss of smell,often associated with distorted olfactory perceptions termed parosmia,has emerged as a widespread problem impacting at least 5%-10%of those who experience anosmia due to *** inability to offer effective therapies to this hyposmic or anosmic population,comprising millions of patients,highlights an enormous unmet need for the medical ***,we summarize the current understanding of the pathobiology causing acute olfactory loss due to SARS-CoV-2 infection,focusing on how the virus interacts with the peripheral olfactory system,a major site of viral *** also explore the problem of long-COVID olfactory dysfunction,which may accompany other persistent systemic disorders collectively termed postacute sequelae of ***,we discuss an emerging model focused on unresolved immune cell activity driving ongoing ***,we review current and future therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring olfactory function.

关键词： hyposmia inflammation long-COVID parosmia

A new diatom genus Spargeria ***.(Bacillariophyceae)from Xizang,China,and the description of two new species

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第1期42卷 291-303页

作者： Yan LIU john patrick KOCIOLEK Li WANG Xinxin LU Huan ZHU Guoxiang LIU Fengyang SUI Yawen FAN College of Life Science and Technology Harbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025China Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80309USA Key Laboratory of Algal Biology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China

During our investigation of diatom biodiversity in Xizang,two species exhibited unique morphological features discriminative from all previously known *** we describe these two species and describe as new the genus,Spargeria *** new genus features narrow to wide rectangular valves,narrow valve mantles,filiform raphe branches that occur on the valve face only,terminal raphe fissures straight or slightly deflected to same side,bow-tie shaped central areas,chambered striae present on the valve face only,being absent from the mantle,wider striae near the axial area and very narrow near the margin,multiseriate striae with small and round areolae that are occluded ***,Spargeria zhuii *** larger and robust valves,radiate striae,with one divergent stria near the apices,while Spargeria chenia *** smaller,with narrow valves,striae slightly radiate in the middle,becoming convergent or parallel near *** new genus belongs to the family pinnulariaceae,and it was compared and contrasted with other genera of this *** work suggests the need for continued studies to document the biodiversity of diatoms in Xizang.

关键词： Spargeria new genus pinnulariaceae morphology Xizang

黄土高原全新世土壤碳酸盐团簇同位素的温度重建

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第四纪研究 2024年第05期44卷 1411-1420页

作者：董吉宝 john EILER 中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室 California Institute of Technology

黄土高原黄土-古土壤序列中保存有丰富的土壤碳酸盐，是利用碳酸盐团簇同位素(Δ47)定量重建古温度的重要地质载体之一。然而，黄土高原全新世土壤碳酸盐Δ47及其气候指示意义的系统研究仍然缺乏。本研究分析了黄土高原南缘渭南剖面和... 详细信息

黄土高原黄土-古土壤序列中保存有丰富的土壤碳酸盐，是利用碳酸盐团簇同位素(Δ47)定量重建古温度的重要地质载体之一。然而，黄土高原全新世土壤碳酸盐Δ47及其气候指示意义的系统研究仍然缺乏。本研究分析了黄土高原南缘渭南剖面和中部洛川剖面上部3 m沉积中保存的全新世土壤碳酸盐（钙结核）的团簇同位素组成，监测了现在地形条件下距地表4 m以内不同深度的土壤温度。结果显示，Δ47定量重建的全新世土壤碳酸盐团簇同位素温度(T47)与现代暖季节温度相近，渭南剖面T47平均值约为25℃,洛川剖面约为18℃,较区域年均温高8～10℃。根据T47和土壤碳酸盐氧同位素组成(δ18O)重建的土壤水δ18O也与暖季节降水的δ18O基本一致，这些数据表明黄土高原土壤碳酸盐记录了暖季节的环境信息。值得注意的是，渭南和洛川剖面钙结核T47值与其形成深度的土壤温度基本吻合，结合前人研究结果，这暗示了土壤碳酸盐形成深度对其T47具有显著影响。因此，在将来土壤碳酸盐Δ47的研究中，评估土壤碳酸盐形成深度至关重要。

关键词：土壤碳酸盐团簇同位素(Δ47) 全新世黄土高原季节性

Better engineering layered vanadium oxides for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries: Going beyond widening the interlayer spacing

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SmartMat 2024年第1期5卷 83-109页

作者： Yue Guo Hanmei Jiang Binbin Liu Xingyang Wang Yifu Zhang Jianguo Sun john Wang Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina Institute of Materials Research and Engineering(IMRE) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries(ZIBs)are regarded as among the most promising candidates for large‐scale grid energy storage,owing to their high safety,low costs,and environmental *** the past decade,vanadium oxides,which are exemplified by V2O5,have been widely developed as a class of cathode materials for ZIBs,where the relatively high theoretical capacity and structural stability are among the main ***,there are considerable challenges in the construction of vanadium‐based ZIBs with high capacity,long lifespan,and excellent rate *** widenings of the interlayer spacing in the layered vanadium oxides by pre‐intercalations appear to have reached their limitations in improving the energy density and other key performance parameters of ZIBs,although various metal ions(Na+,Ca2+,and Al3+)and even organic cations/groups have been ***,we discuss the advances made more recently,and also the challenges faced by the high‐performance vanadium oxides(V2O5‐based)cathodes,where there are several strategies to improve their electrochemical performance ranging from the new structural designs down to sub‐nano‐scopic/molecular/atomic levels,including cation pre‐intercalation,structural water optimization,and defect engineering,to macroscopic structural *** key principles for an optimal structural design of the V2O5‐based cathode materials for high energy density and fast‐charging aqueous ZIBs are examined,aiming at paving the way for developing energy storage designed for those large scales,high safety,and low‐cost systems.

关键词： aqueous zinc‐ion batteries cations pre‐intercalation defect engineering structural water vanadium oxides

Recent progress in functional metal-organic frameworks for bio-medical application

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2024年第2期3卷 37-54页

作者： Wenwen Chai Xiaochen Chen Jing Liu Liyan Zhang Chunyu Liu Li Li john Robert Honiball Haobo pan Xu Cui Deping Wang School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Department of Orthopaedics&Traumatology School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have a high specific surface area,adjustable pores and can be used to obtain functional porous materials with diverse and well-ordered structures through coordination and self-assembly,which has intrigued wide interest in a broad range of *** the arena of biomedical engineering,the functionalized modification of MOFs has produced drug carriers with excellent dispersion and functionalities such as target delivery and response release,with promising applications in bio-detection,disease therapy,tissue healing,and other *** review summa-rizes the present state of research on the functionalization of MOFs by physical binding or chemical cross-linking of small *** *** hvdrogels and evaluates the role and approach of MOFs functionalization in boosting the reactivity of *** this basis,research on the application of functionalized MOFs composites in biomedical engineering fields such as drug delivery,tissue repair,disease treatment,bio-detection and imaging is surveyed,and the development trend and application prospects of functionalized MOFs as an important new class of biomedical materials in the biomedical field are anticipated,which may provide some inspiration and reference for further development of MOF for bio-medical applications.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks porous functionalization tissue repair disease treatment

Use of infrared thermography to detect reactions to stressful events:does animal personality matter?

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 224-239页

作者： Maria Vittoria MAZZAMUTO Marina MORANDINI William LAMpMAN Lucas Armand WAUTERS Damiano pREATONI john Lad KOpROWSKI Adriano MARTINOLI School of Natural Resources and Environment College of Agriculture and Life ScienceUniversity of ArizonaArizonaUSA Unitàdi Analisi e Gestione delle Risorse Ambientali Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e ApplicateGuido Tosi Research GroupUniversitàdegli Studi dell’InsubriaVareseItaly Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources University of WyomingWyomingUSA

The study of the relationship between animal stress and personality for free-ranging animals is limited and provides contrasting *** perception of stressors by an individual may vary due to its personality,and certain personality traits may help individuals to better cope with *** non-invasive infrared thermography(IRT),we investigated the link between physiological and behavioral components expressed during an acute stress event by free-ranging Fremont’s squirrels(Tamiasciurus fremonti).We expected that,during the acute stress event of being approached by the researcher,individuals that showed a fast pace-of-life syndrome(bolder,more active,and less social/more aggressive)based on an arena test would exhibit stronger sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system reactivity showing a more intense stress-induced hyperthermia(high core body temperature and low peripheral temperature)than individuals with a slow pace of life(shy,less active,and more social).We successfully employed IRT technology to images of Fremont’s squirrels with identification of the individuals’body parts(eye,nose,ear,hind foot).However,we found no support for our ***’body surface temperatures told us more about a squirrel’s external environment and less about the thermal state of the body in that environment following a stressful *** studies need to assess how to make IRT effective and efficient in the field and improve its performance in studying the relationships between physiology and personality in wildlife.

关键词： non-invasive method open field test physiology stress-induced hyperthermia Tamiasciurus fremonti