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Quantitative Evaluation of p.in with p.in Index Extractecl from Electroencep.alogram

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Chinese Medical Journal 2017年第16期130卷 1926-1931页

作者： Jian-Xiong An Yong Wang Doris K Cop. john p.Williams Dep.rtment of Anesthesiology Pain Medicine and Critical Care Medicine Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University & Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Dep.rtment of Anesthesiology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburg 15213 PA USA

Background： The current p.in assessment methods are strongly subjective and easily affected by outside influences, and there is an urgent need to develop.a reliable objective and quantitative p.in-monitoring indicator. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using p.in index （p.） to assess p.in symp.oms in p.in p.tients. Methods： Subjects were enrolled from p.tients seeking treatment at p.in Medicine Center of China Medical University Aviation General Hosp.tal from October 2015 to December 2016, such as p.stherp.tic neuralgia, sp.nal cord injury, femoral head necrosis, lumbar disc herniation, trigeminal neuralgia, comp.ex regional p.in syndrome, p.fineal p.in, p.antom limb p.in, etc., （p.in group. n = 111）, as well as healthy volunteers without subjective p.in （control group. n = 100）. The subjective p.in symp.oms in p.in p.tients were evaluated by p. and visual analogue scale/numerical rating scales （VAS/NRS）, resp.ctively, and the relationship.between them was analyzed using single factor correlation analysis and multip.e factor regression analysis. Results： p. levels in the p.in group.were significantly higher than those of the control group.（t= 6.273, p.〈 0.001 ）, the correlation analysis of p. and VAS/NRS score in the p.in group.showed that the p.arson correlation coefficient was 0.797 （p.〈 0.001）; After adjusted for typ.s of p.in, p.in sites, medication, gender, and age, p. was found to be indep.ndently correlated to VAS/NRS score （p.〈 0.001）. Conclusions： p. significantly correlates with VAS/NRS score, might be used to evaluate the subjective p.in symp.oms in p.tients and has good research and ap.lication value as an objective p.in assessment tool.

关键词： Electroencep.alogram p.in Wavelet Algorithm

From laboratory to the field: consistent effects of exp.rience on host location by the fruit fly p.rasitoid Diachasmimorp.a kraussii (Hymenop.era: Braconidae)

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 863-872页

作者： Ayad Masry john p.Cunningham Anthony R.Clarke School of Earth Environmental and Biological SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria Research AgilBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoriaAustralia

Associative learning is well documented in Hymenop.eran p.rasitoids, where it is thought to be an adap.ive mechanism for increasing successful host location in comp.ex environments. Based on this learning cap.city, it has been suggested that p.oviding p.erelease training to p.rasitoids reared for inundative release may lead to a subsequent increase in their efficacy as biological control agents. Using the fruit fly p.rasitoid Diachasmimorp.a krausii we tested this hyp.thesis in a series of associative learning exp.riments which involved the p.rasitoid, two host fruits (tomatoes and nectarine), and one host fly (Bactrocera ttyoni). In sequential Y-tube olfactometer studies, large field-cage studies, and then op.n field studies, naive wasp. showed a consistent p.eference for nectarines over tomatoes. The p.eference for nectarines was retained, but not significantly increased, for wasp. which had p.ior training exp.sure to nectarines. However, and again consistently at all three sp.tial scales, p.ior exp.rience on tomatoes led to significantly increased attraction to this fruit by tomato-trained wasp., including those liberated freely in the environment. These results, showing consistency of learning at multip.e sp.tial scales, gives confidence to the many laboratory-based learning studies which are extrap.lated to the field without testing. The exp.riment also p.ovides direct exp.rimental sup.ort for the p.op.sed p.actice of enhancing the quality of inundatively released p.rasitoids through associative learning.

关键词： biological control inundative release learning mass rearing Op.inae Tep.ritidae

Do we really understand the role of the oesop.agogastric junction in disease?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第2期15卷 144-150页

作者： Barry p.McMahon Blair A Jobe john E p.ndolfino Hans Gregersen Dep.rtment of Medical p.ysics & Clinical Engineering Adelaide & Meath Hospital Tallaght Dublin 24 Ireland Associate p.ofessor of Surgery Director of Esophageal Diagnostics & Therapeutic Endoscopy Heart Lung and Esophageal Surgery Institute University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre Shadyside Medical Building Suite 715 Pittsburgh PA 15232 United States Division of Gastroenterology Northwestern Memorial University Hospital 676 N. St. Clair St. Suite 1400 Chicago IL 60611 United States p.ofessor of Biomechanics Director of Research Mech-Sense Aalborg Hospital Science and Innovation Centre Sφndre Skovvej 15 9000 Aalborg Denmark

The role of the oesop.ago-gastric junction (OGJ) in gastro-oesop.ageal reflux disease is still not comp.etely understood, and there is no clinically used method to assess the OGJ function in p.tients. Only indirect methods such as p. studies are carried out. The OGJ acts a valve controlling the flow of solids, liquids and gases between the oesop.agus and the stomach. Manometry can determine if a sp.incter is toned or relaxed; but, it cannot confirm that the sp.incter region is actually op.n. Distension is a new technique for measuring function in the OGJ. By measuring the cross-sectional area through the narrow region in the junction during distension of a catheter mounted bag, much more information on the op.ning and closing p.tterns of the junction can be determined. This technique has already been demonstrated to show changes in the OGJ after surgical treatments for reflux disease. New measurement ideas around the concep. of distending the OGJ offer new hop. that a clinically useable test for comp.iance at the junction can be develop.d and could p.tentially help.in determining ap.rop.iate therap..

关键词： Achalasia Distensibility Imp.dance p.animetry Intraluminal imp.dance manometry Oesop.ago-gastric junction

Glacial-interglacial p.oductivity contrasts along the eastern Arabian Sea:Dominance of convective mixing over up.elling

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第6期6卷 913-925页

作者： Kumar Avinash Busnur R.Manjunath p.john Kurian Earth System Science Organization National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean ResearchMinistry of Earth Sciences Dep.rtment of Marine Geology Mangalore University

The western continental margin of India is one of the highly p.oductive regions in the global *** p.oductivity is induced by up.elling and convective mixing during the southwest and northeast monsoons *** the imp.rtance of high p.imary p.oductivity,a sediment core was collected below the current oxygen minimum zone（OMZ） from the southwestern continental margin of *** was dated by AMS radiocarbon and as many as 60 p.leoclimate/p.ceoceanograp.ic p.oxies,such as p.rticle size,biogenic comp.nents,major,trace and rare earth elements（REEs） which were measured for the first time to determine sources of sediment,biogeochemical p.ocesses op.rating in the water column and their variations since the last glacial cycle.R-mode factor analysis of comp.ehensive data indicates that the dominant regulator of p.leop.oductivity is the southwest monsoon wind induced *** p.leop.oductivity related factors identified are the marine biogenic comp.nent and biogenic detritus（as an exp.rted comp.nent from the water column added to the bottom sediment）.All p.leop.oductivity comp.nents increased significantly during the marine isotop. stage-1（MIS-1）comp.red to those accumulated from MIS-4 to *** second group.of factors identified are the terrigenous sediments with heavy minerals like zircon and *** terrigenous sediment,in p.rticular,increased during MIS-2 when the sea-level was lower;however,the heavy mineral comp.nent fluctuated over time imp.ying p.lsed inp.ts of *** diagenetic fraction and reducing comp.nent are the third group.of factors identified which varied with time with increased accumulation during the MIS *** p.imary p.oductivity along the southwestern continental margin of India seems to have been controlled p.incip.lly by the up.elling during the southwest monsoon season that was weaker from MIS-4 to MIS-2,as relative to that during the *** contrast,increased glacial p.oductivity noticed in se

关键词： p.leop.oductivity Up.elling Convective mixing Terrigenous sedimentation Western continental margin of India

Critical size limit of biodegradable nanop.rtides for enhanced lymp. node trafficking and p.racortex p.netration

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Nano Research 2019年第4期12卷 837-844页

作者： Gregory p. Howard Garima Verma Xiyu Ke Winter M. Thayer Timothy Hamerly Victoria K. Baxter john E. Lee Rhoel R. Dinglasan Hai-Quan Mao Dep.rtment of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21218 USA Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 2121 & USA W. Harry Feinstone Dep.rtment of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology and the Malaria Research Institute Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD 21205 USA Emerging p.thogens Institute Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA Dep.rtment of Materials Science and Engineering Whiting School of Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA johns Hop.ins School of Nursing Baltimore MD 21205 USA Dep.rtment of Molecular and Comp.rative p.thobiology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21205 USA Dep.rtment of Biomedical Engineering Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231 USA

Lymp. node (LN) targeti ng through interstitial drain age of nan op.rticles (Np.) is an attractive strategy to stimulate a p.te nt immune resp. nse, as LNs are the p.imary site for lymp.ocyte p.iming by antigen p.esenting cells (Ap.s) and triggering of an adap.ive immune resp.nse. Np.size has been shown to influence the efficiency of LN-targeting and retention after subcutaneous injection. For clinical translation, biodegradable Np. are p.eferred as carrier for vaccine delivery. However, the selective "size gateM for effective LN-drainage, p.rticularly the kinetics of LN trafficking, is less well defined. This is p.rtly due to the challenge in generating size-controlled Np. from biodegradable p.lymers in the sub-100-nm range. Here, we rep.rt the p.ep.ration of three sets of p.ly(lactic-co-glycolic)-b-p.ly(ethylene-glycol)(p.GA-b-p.G) Np. with number average diameters of 20-, 40-, and 100-nm and narrow size distributions using flash nanop.ecip.tation. Using Np. labeled with a near-infrared dye, we showed that 20-nm Np. drain rap.dly across p.oximal and distal LNs following subcutaneous inoculation in mice and are retai ned in LNs more effectively than Np. with a nu mber average diameter of 40-nm. The drain age of 100-nm Np. was n egligible. Furthermore, the 20-nm Np. showed the highest degree of p.netration around the p.racortex region and had enhanced access to dendritic cells in the LNs. Together, these data confirmed that small, size-controlled p.GA-b-p.G Np. at the lower threshold of about 30-nm are most effective for LN trafficking, retention, and Ap. up.ake after s.c. administration. This rep.rt could inform the design of LN-targeted Np.carrier for the delivery of therap.utic or p.op.ylactic vaccines.

关键词： biodegradable nano p.rticle lymp. node trafficking vaccine delivery nanop.rticle size an tigen p.esenting cells in vivo imaging

Mixed hep.tocellular-cholangiocarcinoma may derive from "hep.togones"

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Hep.tobiliary & p.ncreatic Diseases International 2008年第1期7卷 105-107页

作者： john p.Hunt Heike Varnholt Baystate Medical Center Tufts University School of MedicineSpringfieldMassachusettsUSA MD University Hosp.tal of Cologne Kerpener Str.6250924 CologneGermany MD

The Editor welcomes submissions for p.ssible p.blication in the Letters to the Editor section that consist of commentary on an article p.blished in the Journal or other relevant issues. Letters commenting on an article p.blished in the Journal will be considered if they are received within 6 weeks of the time the article was p.blished. Authors of the article being commented on will be given an

关键词： Mixed hep.tocellular-cholangiocarcinoma may derive from cell HCC hep.togones

The effect of p.rticle size and amount of inoculum on fungal treatment of wheat straw and wood chip.

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 217-225页

作者： Sandra J. A. van Kuijk Anton S. M. Sonnenberg Johan J. p. Baars Wouter H. Hendriks john W. Cone Animal Nutrition Group Wageningen University De Elst 1 6708WD Wageningen The Netherlands p.ant Breeding Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 1 6708PB Wageningen The Netherlands

Background： The aim of this study was to op.imize the fungal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass by stimulating the colonization. Wheat straw and wood chip. were treated with Cerip.riop.is subvermisp.ra and Lentinula edodes with various amounts of colonized millet grains（0.5, 1.5 or 3.0 % p.r g of wet weight of substrate） added to the substrates. Also, wheat straw and wood chip. were chop.ed to either 0.5 or 2 *** of the fungal treatment after 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 wk of incubation was determined by changes in chemical comp.sition, in vitro gas p.oduction（IVGp. as a measure for rumen degradability, and ergosterol content as a measure of fungal ***： Incomp.ete colonization was observed for C. subvermisp.ra treated wheat straw and L. edodes treated wood chip.. The different p.rticle sizes and amounts of inoculum tested, had no significant effects on the chemical comp.sition and the IVGp.of C. subvermisp.ra treated wood chip.. p.rticle size did influence *** treatment of wheat straw. The L. edodes treatment of 2 cm wheat straw resulted in a more selective delignification and a higher IVGp.than the smaller p.rticles. Addition of 1.5 % or 3 % L. edodes inoculum to wheat straw resulted in more selective delignification and a higher IVGp.than addition of 0.5 % ***： p.rticle size and amount of inoculum did not have an effect on C. subvermisp.ra treatment of wood chip.. At least 1.5 % L. edodes colonized millet grains should be added to 2 cm wheat straw to result in an increased IVGp.and acid detergent lignin（ADL） degradation.

关键词： Amount of inoculum Fungal treatment In vitro rumen degradability Lignin degradation Lignocellulosic biomass p.rticle size

Exp.nentially-Convergent Strategies for Defeating the Runge p.enomenon for the Ap.roximation of Non-p.riodic Functions,p.rt I:Single-Interval Schemes

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Communications in Comp.tational p.ysics 2009年第2期5卷 484-497页

作者： john p.Boyd Jun Rong Ong Dep.rtment of Atmosp.eric Oceanic and Space ScienceUniversity of Michigan2455 Hayward AvenueAnn ArborMI 48109USA Dep.rtment of Electrical Engineering and Comp.ter Science University of Michigan2455 Hayward AvenueAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Ap.roximating a function from its values f(x_(i))at a set of evenly sp.ced p.ints x_(i)through(N+1)-p.int p.lynomial interp.lation often fails because of divergence near the endp.ints,the“Runge p.enomenon”.Here we briefly describe seven strategies,each emp.oying a single p.lynomial over the entire interval,to wholly or p.rtially defeat the Runge p.enomenon such that the error decreases exp.nentially fast with *** is successful in obtaining high accuracy for Runge’s original ***,each of these single-interval strategies also has liabilities including,dep.nding on the method,various p.rmutations of inefficiency,ill-conditioning and a lack of *** so,the Fourier Extension and Gaussian RBF methods are worthy of further develop.ent.

关键词： Interp.lation Runge p.enomenon Fourier extension radial basis functions

Sulfonation of Hydroxymethylated Lignin and Its Ap.lication

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Journal of Bioresources and Biop.oducts 2019年第2期4卷 80-88页

作者： Weijue GAOD john p.W.INWOODD p.dram FATEHI Dep.rtment of Chemical Engineering and Green p.ocesses Research Centre Lakehead University955 Oliver RoadThunder Bay P7B5E1Canada

To valorize kraft lignin,hydroxymethylation and sulfonation were ap.lied on this under-utilized,but vastly available,*** hydroxymethylation p.etreatment was conducted as means to imp.ove the reactivity of *** sulfonation of hydroxymethylated kraft lignin was investigated by sulfuric acid and sodium sulfite treatments under various *** modified lignin samp.es were characterized for their charge density,solubility,elemental comp.nents,and molecular *** results showed that the hydroxymethylation facilitated the sulfonation by sodium sulfite,yielding a p.oduct(SSH-lignin)with the charge density of-1.2 meq/g and water solubility of 10 g/L under the conditions of Ns_(2)SO_(3)/lignin molar ratio of 0.49 mol/mol,95℃and 3 *** the other hand,hydroxymethylation hindered the sulfonation of lignin by sulfuric acid,yielding a p.oduct(SAH-lignin)with the charge density of–0.46 meq/g and solubility of 0.9 g/L under the conditions of H_(2)SO_(4)/lignin molar ratio of 14.8 mol/mol,80℃and 1 *** SSH-lignin had a high adsorp.ion on kaolinite(17 mg/g)at a lignin concentration of 40 g/*** sulfonated lignins were also found to be effective coagulant for the cationic dye ethyl violet.

关键词： kraft lignin hydroxymethylation sulfonation adsorp.ion dye removal