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A Survey of the Experience and Impact of Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections on People in Six Countries in the 2011/2012 Common Cold and Flu Season

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2013年第4期3卷 175-187页

作者： john David Hull Ian Paul Barton Jennifer Torgersen Christine Marie McNeil Greater London Innovation Centre Procter & Gamble Egham UK Ipsos Marketing Cincinnati USA Mason Business Centre Procter & Gamble Cincinnati USA

Introduction: Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs) are the most common infectious diseases of humankind. While usually mild and self-limiting, they are characterized by a series of simultaneously occurring symptoms/ signs that are sufficiently disruptive to sufferers’ normal activities in which medication is frequently sought. While the literature has many examples of epidemiological studies on these infections, there are few reports on patient experience and impact. This study was designed to investigate these aspects of Common Cold/Flu across six countries. Methods: A minimum of 500 adults aged 18 and older were recruited in each of six countries (Brazil, China, Germany, India, Russia, and the US) using customary survey research sampling techniques. Single 30-minute (online) or 40-minute door-to-door quantitative questionnaires with c. 50 questions were completed with each participant by the global research firm Ipsos. Main Findings: Across countries, incidence and seasonality of infections reported to this study were consistent with published data. There appears to be a need for patient education on the causes and transmission routes of respiratory infections. Getting good quality sleep and being able to continue with daily activities as an infection resolves are significant drivers to therapy. The most common non-prescription therapies reported were multi-ingredient products in line with the simultaneously occurring multi-symptom nature of the condition(s). Conclusions: This study indicated that acute URTIs exert a significant deleterious effect on sufferers. Public health education, possibly best undertaken by Pharmacists has the potential to impact the extent of virus transmission by ensuring that people know the true cause of the infection, how it is transmitted and how best to combat this. The several simultaneously occurring symptoms encourage sufferers to seek multi-ingredient remedies to allow them to continue with normal activities as their i

关键词： Common Cold Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Common Cold Survey

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邦德街30号,悉尼,澳大利亚

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世界建筑 2018年第12期 18-23页

作者： john Gollings(摄) john Marmara(摄) 无不详 lend lease设计公司 ptw建筑事务所

邦德街30号项目的商业部分由8个办公楼层组成,每层可出租的面积约为2,000m^2,第九层的办公面积为216m^2。地面层将设置为零售空间,并带有两层地下车库。邦德街30号项目的主立面朝向海港,这样一个地理位置时常使建筑暴露在阳光直射下。... 详细信息

邦德街30号项目的商业部分由8个办公楼层组成,每层可出租的面积约为2,000m^2,第九层的办公面积为216m^2。地面层将设置为零售空间,并带有两层地下车库。邦德街30号项目的主立面朝向海港,这样一个地理位置时常使建筑暴露在阳光直射下。为了弥补地理位置的劣势,建筑师将建筑的北、西和南立外面安置了遮阳设备。外置遮阳设备是百叶窗的形式,材料选择铜、氧化钢及回收木材,在保证室内可视性和透明度的同时,充分考虑到了使用的舒适性和操控的灵活性。当太阳向西移动时,百叶窗随之调节,就像是一个有生命的表皮,随时响应外界气候条件的变化。

关键词：澳大利亚悉尼地理位置建筑师地下车库材料选择气候条件百叶窗

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Pelleting Diets Impairs TRAMP Prostate Carcinogenesis

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第2期8卷 212-226页

作者： Lauren E. Conlon Matthew A. Wallig john W. Erdman Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Department of Pathobiology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA

Diets rich in soy products may reduce the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Daidzein, the major isoflavone present in soy germ, can be metabolized by the gut microbiota into equol. The effects of daidzein and equol on PCa have not been well studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding 2% soy germ, 92 ppm daidzein, or 88 ppm equol diets on the progression of PCa in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. 3-week old male C57BL/6 X FVB TRAMP mice were weaned from our breeding colony and immediately acclimated to an AIN-93G control diet for one week. At 4 weeks of age, mice (n = 30 per diet group) were randomized to one of four pelleted study diets until 18 weeks of age. Unexpectedly, we did not detect any statistical differences in cancer incidence between diets. We suggest that these results are due to the physical attributes of the pelleted diets in the current study. Mice fed pelleted diets had reduced food intake and significantly decreased body weights (p < 0.001) compared to previous studies. A reduction in food intake is known to reduce cancer incidence in a number of cancer models and is likely to have contributed to the decrease in expected cancer incidence in the current study. In conclusion, we suggest that the hardness of the diets pellets could result in a decreased cancer incidence in TRAMP mice.

关键词： Diet Pelleted Cancer Soy TRAMP

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The Application and Indications for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Pediatric Solid Tumors: Current Status and Future Directions

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2014年第18期5卷 1130-1141页

作者： Nathan M. Hinkle Alpin D. Malkan john A. Sandoval Department of Surgery St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis USA Department of Surgery University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis USA

Oncologic staging of many solid organ malignancies involves an understanding of how cancers spread via the lymphatic system, and ultimately may involve evaluation of the primary nodal drainage basin by performing a sentinel lymph node biopsy. In the adult population, there are well established indications for sentinel lymph node biopsy in diseases like melanoma and breast cancer. However, its use and relevance in the pediatric population is less defined. This review details the history and development of sentinel lymph node biopsy technique, advanced lymph node mapping techniques currently under investigation, and the applications of sentinel node biopsy towards childhood cancers.

关键词： Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Pediatric Melanoma Spitz Nevus Atypical Spitzoid Tumor Spitzoid Melanoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Nonrhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcoma Breast Cancer

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Effect of intercritical annealing on microstructure,mechanical properties,and work-hardening behavior of ultrahigh-strength dual-phase steels with different silicon contents

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Baosteel Technical Research 2018年第4期12卷 1-8页

作者： LI Wei1 john G SPEER ZHU Xiaodong LI Wei School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Research Institute Baoshan Iron &Steel Co.Ltd.Shanghai 201900China State Key Laboratory of Development and Application Technology of Automotive Steels (Baosteel) Shanghai 201900China Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center Colorado School of Mines1500 Illinois St.GoldenColorado 80401USA

In this study,three kinds of dual-phase(DP) steels were used to investigate the influence of silicon content and intercritical annealing temperature on their microstructures,mechanical properties,and work-hardening behaviors. By adding silicon and matching the critical annealing temperature,a new DP steel(1.0Si and intercritically annealed at 790 ℃) that exhibits an excellent combination of ultrahigh strength and adequate ductility was obtained. Variations in the strength,elongation,and fracture mechanism of the specimens with respect to different intercritical annealing temperatures were correlated to microstructural features. With an increase in the silicon content,there is no significant change in the martensitic band structure or ferrite morphology. At the same annealing temperature,the yield strength and yield strength ratio of the specimens decreased,but at different annealing temperatures,the tensile strength was reduced. The Hollomon analysis results indicate that the workhardening behavior obeys a two-stage work-hardening mechanism. With an increasing intercritical annealing temperature,the "transition strain"shifts to the left,and with an increasing silicon content,the "transition strain"shifts to the right. The surface exhibits ductile fractures characterized by a high density of microvoid dimples. With an increase in the silicon content,the average dimple size on the fracture surface decreases and the plasticity of the material increases.

关键词： dual-phase steel thermomechanical processing microstructure mechanical

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Experience with Diagnostic Laparoscopy in the Evaluation of Tubal Factor Infertility

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第5期10卷 688-697页

作者： john Jude Kweku Annan Gerald Owusu Asubonteng Thomas O. Konney Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital School of Medicine and Dentistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Context and Objectives: Tubal factor infertility accounts for a large portion of female factor infertility. Tubal disease is responsible for 25% - 35% of female infertility. The most prevalent cause of tubal factor infertility is pelvic inflammatory disease and acute salpingitis. The incidence of tubal damage after one episode of pelvic infection is approximately 12%, 23% after two episodes and 54% after three episodes. Various modalities for investigating tubal factor infertility exist including: saline Infusion sonography (SIS), Hystero-contrast sonography (HyCoSy), hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopy with chromopertubation, the latter being the gold standard. The aim of this study was to determine the role of diagnostic laparoscopy in the evaluation of tubal factor in infertile women. Settings and Design: A retrospective descriptive study on all diagnostic laparoscopic procedures carried out to evaluate tubal factor infertility in the endoscopic gynecology unit of a tertiary-level hospital from 2010 to 2019. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary-level hospital in Ghana. A total of three hundred and ninety-one (391) records of all diagnostic laparoscopy procedures performed because of infertility in the endoscopic gynecology unit of a tertiary-level hospital between 2010 and 2019 were analyzed. Clients who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy to assess tubal factor infertility in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Directorate of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, from 2010 to 2019 were included in the study. Tubal patency was tested by laparoscopy and chromopertubation using methylene blue dye. The clinical characteristics of these women (age, parity, type of infertility), the intra-operative findings and complications were evaluated. Data on age, parity, type of infertility and intra operative findings were extracted using a proforma. Cases in which the bio-data or other

关键词： Diagnostic Laparoscopy Primary Infertility Secondary Infertility Endometriosis Chromopertubation

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The Effect of Land Use on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Lake Victoria Crescent Agro-Ecological Zone, Uganda

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2016年第3期6卷 154-160页

作者： David Akodi Everline Komuttmga Choice Agaba Kevin john Oratungye Elizabeth Ahumuza Soils Agro-Meteorology and Environment Program National Agricultural Research Laboratories (NARL) Kampala 7065 Uganda

The effect of land use on soil organic carbon （SOC） stocks and depth distribution of SOC was investigated in the Lake Victoria Crescent ago-ecological zone of Uganda. Soil samples were collected from six land use types at 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm from profile pits dug in similar soils and slopes. Results indicated that SOC stocks significantly differed across the various land use systems. SOC also varied significantly by depth. The highest SOC and pH were recorded under natural forest-strict nature. Grassland had the lowest SOC but the highest bulk density （BD）. Phosphorous （P） was the highest in banana-coffee systems and the lowest under tea plantations. The lowest values of pH and BD were found in highly disturbed natural forest. The upper layers of the soil （0-30 cm） stored higher amounts of SOC compared to other depths （30-60 cm and 60-90 cm）. Land use therefore has a significant effect on SOC and other soil physical and chemical properties.

关键词： Soil organic carbon land use change land use systems Mabira forest.

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Patterns of host use by a precocial obligate brood parasite, the Black-headed Duck: ecological and evolutionary considerations

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Chinese Birds 2013年第1期4卷 71-85,100页

作者： Bruce E.LYON john M.EADIE 美国加州大学Santa Cruz分校生态与进化生物学系美国加州大学Davis分校野生动物与鱼类保护生物学系

The Black-headed Duck (Heteronetta atricapilla) is unique among obligate avian brood parasites because its highly precocial young leave the host nest shortly after hatching and impose no post-hatching costs on their hosts. Accordingly, we might expect host-parasite interactions in this parasite to differ strikingly from those of other brood parasites — they should be able to parasitize a broad diversity of hosts and be highly successful with these hosts. We conducted the second detailed study ever completed on patterns of host use in Black-headed Ducks. Based on four years of systematic searches of multiple marshes in Argentina, we found no evidence that Black-headed Ducks ever had nests of their own, confirming the previous conclusion that Black-headed Ducks are, indeed, true obligate brood parasites. Contrary to expectation, however, we found that Heteronetta is ecologically dependent on a surprisingly small number of host species — two species of coots and a gull — all of which are widespread and locally abundant species. Other species are numerically less important as hosts either because they are relatively uncommon, or because they are avoided by the ducks. In the three main host species, hatching success of the duck eggs was also surprisingly low (≤ 28%), based on expectations for a precocial parasite, mainly due to host rejection or neglect. Mortality due to predation on host nests, in contrast, was low for all three primary host species. These observations corroborate Weller’s observations from a single-year study. The combination of a dependence on few primary hosts and a relatively low hatching success are inconsistent with some previous hypotheses for the evolution of obligate brood parasitism in Heteronetta. Instead, our observations, and those of Weller, suggest that intense nest predation in Austral wetlands, coupled with an abundance of a few common host species that aggressively defend their nests and obtain high nest success rates, may have been an

关键词： brood parasitism egg rejection Fulica Heteronetta atricapilla host use nest success precocial bird Red-gartered Coot Red-fronted Coot waterfowl

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Opening Remarks:Perspectives of the International Cotton Genome Initiative

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棉花学报 2008年第S1期20卷 2-页

作者： YU john Z PERCY Richard G USDA-ARS Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center 2881 F & B Road College Station

Thanks go to our hosts,the organizers,sponsors,and all participants who have put in great efforts to making the 2008 Research Conference of the International Cotton Genome Initiative(ICGI,

关键词： Opening Remarks

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Comparison between Diastolic Subendocardial Tissue Pressures Measured Directly or Calculated from Pressure-Flow Relations

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2017年第7期7卷 213-224页

作者： Jacques R. Rouleau Bernard Cantin john G. Kingma Jr Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy Ste-Foy (Quebec) Canada

Changes in intramyocardial tissue pressure modulate the relationship between coronary pressure and flow during the cardiac cycle. The present study compared the relation between measured and calculated diastolic subendocardial tissue pressure and coronary pressure at zero flow in anesthetized dogs after modulation of either coronary sinus (i.e. Fogarty catheter) or left ventricular intracavity (i.e. volume loading) pressure. Experiments were conducted in anesthetized, instrumented dogs;coronary pressure flow relations were constructed during pharmacologic vasodilatation and intramyocardial tissue pressure was measured using micromanometer pressure sensors. Elevated coronary sinus pressures did not affect subendocardial pressure-flow relations signifying that diastolic tissue pressure within this layer is the effective coronary back pressure. Higher left ventricular intracavity pressure did not affect either diastolic subendocardial tissue pressure or pressure flow relations within this layer. Results show a direct linear relation (y = 1.106x - 0.652;r2 = 0.59. P = 0.001) between measured and calculated diastolic subendocardial tissue pressure and coronary pressure at zero-flow over a wide range of pressures after either LV systemic or coronary sinus pressure modulation. Knowledge of back pressure in the subendocardium is useful for the evaluation of efficacy of cardiac interventions on myocardial perfusion particularly at the level of the microcirculation.

关键词： Intramyocardial Tissue Pressure Pressure-Flow Relations Transmural Myocardial Blood Flow Microspheres Coronary Sinus Pressure Volume Overload

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