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Compressively sampling the optical transmission matrix of a multimode fibre

Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第5期10卷 916-930页

作者： Shuhui Li Charles Saunders Daniel J.Lum john murray-bruce Vivek K Goyal TomášČižmár David B.Phillips School of Physics and Astronomy University of ExeterExeterEX44QLUK Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics School of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074HubeiChina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA02215USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester500 Wilson BlvdRochesterNY14618USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of South FloridaTampaFL33620USA Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Albert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany Institute of Scientific Instruments of CAS Královopolská14761264BrnoCzech Republic

The measurement of the optical transmission matrix(TM)of an opaque material is an advanced form of space-variant aberration *** imaging,TM-based methods are emerging in a range of fields,including optical communications,micro-manipulation,and *** many cases,the TM is very sensitive to perturbations in the configuration of the scattering medium it ***,applications often require an up-to-the-minute characterisation of the fragile TM,typically entailing hundreds to thousands of probe ***,we explore how these measurement requirements can be relaxed using the framework of compressive sensing,in which the incorporation of prior information enables accurate estimation from fewer measurements than the dimensionality of the TM we aim to *** of such priors include knowledge of a memory effect linking the input and output fields,an approximate model of the optical system,or a recent but degraded TM *** demonstrate this concept by reconstructing the full-size TM of a multimode fibre supporting 754 modes at compression ratios down to∼5%with good *** show that in this case,imaging is still possible using TMs reconstructed at compression ratios down to∼1%(eight probe measurements).This compressive TM sampling strategy is quite general and may be applied to a variety of other scattering samples,including diffusers,thin layers of tissue,fibre optics of any refractive profile,and reflections from opaque *** approaches offer a route towards the measurement of high-dimensional TMs either quickly or with access to limited numbers of measurements.

关键词： scattering fibre matrix

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Classification of Soybean Pubescence from Multispectral Aerial Imagery

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Plant Phenomics 2021年第1期3卷 156-166页

作者： Robert W.bruce Istvan Rajcan john Sulik Department of Plant Agriculture University of GuelphGuelphONCanada

The accurate determination of soybean pubescence is essential for plant breeding programs and cultivar ***,soybean pubescence is classified visually,which is a labor-intensive and time-consuming ***,the three classes of phenotypes(tawny,light tawny,and gray)may be difficult to visually distinguish,especially the light tawny class where misclassification with tawny frequently *** objectives of this study were to solve both the throughput and accuracy issues in the plant breeding workflow,develop a set of indices for distinguishing pubescence classes,and test a machine learning(ML)classification approach.A principal component analysis(PCA)on hyperspectral soybean plot data identified clusters related to pubescence classes,while a Jeffries-Matusita distance analysis indicated that all bands were important for pubescence class *** images from 2018,2019,and 2020 were analyzed in this study.A 60-plot test(2019)of genotypes with known pubescence was used as reference data,while whole-field images from 2018,2019,and 2020 were used to examine the broad applicability of the classification *** indices,a red/blue ratio and blue normalized difference vegetation index(blue NDVI),were effective at differentiating tawny and gray pubescence types in high-resolution imagery.A ML approach using a support vector machine(SVM)radial basis function(RBF)classifier was able to differentiate the gray and tawny types(83.1%accuracy and kappa=0:740 on a pixel basis)on images where reference training data was *** tested indices and ML model did not generalize across years to imagery that did not contain the reference training panel,indicating limitations of using aerial imagery for pubescence classification in some environmental ***-throughput classification of gray and tawny pubescence types is possible using aerial imagery,but light tawny soybeans remain difficult to classify and may require training da

关键词： indices spectral consuming

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Fifty Years of Water Sensitive Urban Design, Salisbury, South Australia

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 63-72页

作者： john C. Radcliffe Declan Page bruce Naumann Peter Dillon CSIRO Land and Water Private Bag 2 Glen Osmond South Australia 5064 Australia City of Salisbury 12 James St Salisbury South Australia 5108 Australia

Australia has developed extensive policies and guidelines for the management of its water. The City of Salisbury, located within metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, developed rapidly through urbanisation from the 1970s. Water sensitive urban design principles were adopted to maximise the use of the increased rim-off generated by urbanisation and ameliorate flood risk. Managed aquifer recharge was introduced for storing remediated low-salinity stormwater by aquifer storage and recovery （ASR） in a brackish aquiter for subsequent lrngatlon. Ibis paper outlines now a municipal government has progressively adopted principles of Water Sensitive Urban Design during its development within a framework of evolving national water policies. Salisbury＇s success with stormwater harvesting led to the formation of a pioneering w aterbusiness that includes linking projects from nine sites to provide a non-potable supply of 5 ×10^6 m^3 year. These installations hosted a number of applied research projects addressing well configuration, water quality, reliability and economics and facilitated the evaluation of its system as a potential potable water source. The evaluation showed that while untreated stonnwater contained contaminants, subsurface storage and end-use controls were sufficient to make recovered water sale for public open space irrigation, and with chlorination acceptable lbr third pipe supplies. Drinking water quality could be achieved by adding microfiltration, disinfection with UV and chlorination. The costs that would need to be expended to achieve drinking water safety standards were found to be considerably less than the cost of establishing dual pipe distribution systems. The full cost of supply was determined to be AUD$1.57 m ＂ for non-potable water for pubhc open space lrngatlon much cheaper than mares water, AUD $3.45 m at that time. Producing and storing potable water was found to cost AUDS1.96 to $2.24 m .

关键词： Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Stormwater harvesting Water recycling drinking water Low impact development Water sensitive urban design

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Perception of artificial conspecifics by bearded dragons(Pogona vitticeps)

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 214-222页

作者： Anna FROHNWIESER Thomas W.PIKE john C.murray Anna WILKINSON School of Life Sciences University of LincolnLincolnUK School of Computer Science University of LincolnLincolnUK Wildlife Research Center Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan

Artificial animals are increasingly used as conspecific stimuli in animal behavior ***,researchers often have an incomplete understanding of how the species under study perceives conspecifics,and,hence,which features are needed for a stimulus to be perceived *** investigate the features that bearded dragons(Pogona vitticeps)attend to,we measured their lateralized eye use when assessing a successive range of *** ranged through several stages of realism in artificial conspecifics,to see how features such as color,the presence of eyes,body shape and motion influence *** found differences in lateralized eye use depending on the sex of the observing bearded dragon and the artificial conspecific,as well as the artificial conspecific’s ***,this approach can inform the design of robotic animals that elicit biologically-meaningful responses in live animals.

关键词： bearded dragons conspecifics lateralized eye use perception

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Challenges in the microbiological food safety of fresh produce:Limitations of post-harvest washing and the need for alternative interventions

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第4期1卷 289-301页

作者： Kayla murray Fan Wu john Shi Sophia Jun Xue Keith Warriner Department of Food Science University of Guelph Guelph Food Research Center Agriculture and Agri-food CanadaGuelphOntorioCanada

Fresh produce(processed fruit and vegetables)continues to be the main source of foodborne illness outbreaks implicating pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7,Salmonella,Listeria monocytogenes and human parasites(*** A,Cyclospora).Previously,outbreaks were primarily limited to leafy greens,tomatoes,and cantaloupes,but more recently there has been a trend of more diverse produce types(*** and papayas)being *** on-farm good agriculture practices(GAP)contribute to preventing pathogens entering the fresh produce chain,it cannot be relied upon completely due to the open nature of *** a consequence,there is an identified need for interventions that can remove field-acquired contamination,especially given fresh produce is eaten *** the following review,an overview of foodborne illness outbreaks linked to contaminated fresh produce will be described along with potential sources of ***-harvest washing that was once considered decontamination is now viewed as a high-risk cross-contamination *** challenges in monitoring the post-harvest wash process will be discussed along with processing factors that need to be considered.A range of alternative,or supplemental,non-aqueous interventions will be described including irradiation,ultraviolet light,high hydrostatic pressure,gas phase(ozone and chlorine dioxide),and hydroxyl radicals generated through advanced oxidative process or gas *** have been proved to be effective at pathogen control on the laboratory scale and are poised to enter commercial *** current status of these alternative interventions along with challenges of integrating into commercial practice will be described.

关键词： Fresh produce Escherichia coli O157:H7 Salmonella Listeria Iirradiation Ozone Chlorine dioxide Advanced oxidative process Post-harvest Washing Leafy greens Fruit Vegetable

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Clinical impact of hepatitis B and C virus envelope glycoproteins

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第5期19卷 654-664页

作者： Hélène Jeulin Aurélie Velay john murray Evelyne Schvoerer Virology Laboratory Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de NancyVandoeuvre-lès-NancyF-54511France EA RHEM 4369 Universitéde LorraineF-54000 NancyFrance School of Mathematics and Statistics University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia The Kirby Institute University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

Chronic infection by either hepatitis B virus(HBV)or hepatitis C virus(HCV)share epidemiological characteristics with risks for development of severe complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** and HCV also share a high genetic variability. Among highly variable regions,viral genes encoding surface proteins(hepatitis B surface antigen,E1/E2 HCV glycoproteins)play key roles in the stimulation of the host-related immune response and viral entry into *** segments of HBV envelope proteins(preS1,"a"determinant)are crucial in the entry process into permissive *** entry is a complex multistep process involving multiple cell cofactors (glycosaminoglycans,low density lipoprotein receptor, SR-B1,CD81,claudin-1,occludin,EGFR,EphA2)in the interaction with HCV E1/E2 envelope *** vitro both viruses can be controlled by antibody-me-diated neutralization targeting viral envelope,also essential in preventing HBV infection in vivo as observed through successful vaccination using HBs *** preventive vaccination and/or therapeutic pressure can influence HBV and HCV *** HBV,the patterns of antiviral drug resistance in chronic hepatitis are complex and the original pol/S gene overlap has to be taken into ***-induced HBV mutations in pol could indeed generate S mutants with subsequent modified antigenicity or increased cancer *** of HBV and HCV envelope proteins combining high exposure to selective pressures and crucial functional roles require investigation in the context of diagnostic,vaccination and treatment *** this editorial a synthesis is performed of HBV and HCV envelope properties at the entry step and as antigenic proteins,and the subsequent clinical impact.

关键词： Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Viral envelope glycoproteins Clinical outcome

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Evidence for the involvement of NOD2 in regulating colonic epithelial cell growth and survival

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第38期14卷 5834-5841页

作者： Sheena M Cruickshank Louise Wakenshaw john Cardone Peter D Howdle Peter J murray Simon R Carding Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PT United Kingdom Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom The Institute of Food Research Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UA United Kingdom Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Section of Medicine Surgery & Anaesthesia Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Department of Infectious Diseases St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN 38105 United States

AIM: To investigate the function of NOD2 in colonic epithelial cells (CEC). METHODS: A combination of in vivo and in vitro analyses of epithelial cell turnover in the presence and absence of a functional NOD2 protein and, in response to enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection, were used. shRNA interference was also used to investigate the consequences of knocking down NOD2 gene expression on the growth and survival of colorectal carcinoma cell lines. RESULTS:In the colonic mucosa the highest levels of NOD2 expression were in proliferating crypt epithelial cells. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), that is recognized by NOD2, promoted CEC growth in vitro . By contrast,the growth of NOD2-deficient CECs was impaired. In vivo CEC proliferation was also reduced and apoptosis increased in Nod2-/- mice, which were also evident following enteric Salmonella infection. Furthermore, neutralization of NOD2 mRNA expression in human colonic carcinoma cells by shRNA interference resulted in decreased survival due to increased levels of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the involvement of NOD2 protein in promoting CEC growth and survival. Defects in proliferation by CECs in cases of CD may contribute to the underlying pathology of disrupted intestinal homeostasis and excessive inflammation.

关键词： Colon Epithelial cells NOD2 Growth

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Tyrosine metabolic enzymes from insects and mammals：A comparative perspective

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Insect Science 2014年第1期21卷 13-19页

作者： Christopher john Vavricka Qian Han Prajwalini Mehere Haizhen Ding bruce M. Christensen and Jianyong Li Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH) Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences BeUing China Department of Biochemistry Virginia Polytechnic and State University Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Department of Tuberculosis The Foundation for Medical Research Mumbai India and Department of Pathobiology University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wl 53706 USA

Differences in the metabolism of tyrosine between insects and mammals present an interesting example of molecular evolution. Both insects and mammals possess finetuned systems of enzymes to meet their specific demands for tyrosine metabolites; however, more homologous enzymes involved in tyrosine metabolism have emerged in many insect species. Without knowledge of modem genomics, one might suppose that mammals, which are generally more complex than insects and require tyrosine as a precur sor for important catecholamine neurotransmitters and for melanin, should possess more enzymes to control tyrosine metabolism. Therefore, the question of why insects actually possess more tyrosine metabolic enzymes is quite interesting. It has long been known that insects rely heavily on tyrosine metabolism for cuticle hardening and for innate immune responses, and these evolutionary constraints are likely the key answers to this question. In terms of melanogenesis, mammals also possess a high level of regulation; yet mam malian systems possess more mechanisms for detoxification whereas insects accelerate pathways like melanogenesis and therefore must bear increased oxidative pressure. Our research group has had the opportunity to characterize the structure and function of many key proteins involved in tyrosine metabolism from both insects and mammals. In this mini review we will give a brief overview of our research on tyrosine metabolic enzymes in the scope of an evolutionary perspective of mammals in comparison to insects.

关键词： arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (aaNAT) Enzymology L-DOPAdecarboxylase (DDC) melanogenesis tyrosine metabolism

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Resistance Matrix for an Anisotropic Hall Plate with Multiple Extended Asymmetric Contacts on the Boundary

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2021年第8期9卷 1911-1925页

作者： Dorel Homentcovschi Radu Oprea bruce T. murray Department of Applied Mathematics University Politehnica of Bucharest Bucharest Romania Department of Mechanical Engineering Binghamton University Binghamton NY USA 17-1506 Eagle Mountain Dr. Coquitiam British Columbia Canada

The electrical properties of magnetic sensing devices fabricated from anisotropic materials are not easily extracted. Here we present a method for determining the resistance matrix for an anisotropic device with multiple electrical contacts placed in a perpendicular magnetic field. By using the methods developed by Van der Pauw and Wasscher, the analysis for the anisotropic system is reduced to the equivalent problem for an isotropic sample, which can then be solved using methods developed previously. As a result, the method works in the case of structures with an arbitrary number of asymmetric extended contacts at large magnetic field strength. In addition to the extraction of nonisotropic resistivities, the resistance matrix can be used to analyze the Hall effect for anisotropic plates.

关键词： Hall Device Resistance Matrix Van Der Pauw Method Anisotropic

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Real-time ore sorting using color and texture analysis

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2023年第6期33卷 659-674页

作者： David G.Shatwell Victor murray Augusto Barton Hochschild Mining PLC La Colonia 180Lima 15023Peru Department of Electrical Engineering Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia-UTECLima 15063Peru john A.Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridge 02134USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New MexicoAlbuquerque 87131USA

Sensor-based ore sorting is a technology used to classify high-grade mineralized rocks from low-grade waste rocks to reduce operation *** ore-sorting algorithms using color images have been proposed in the past,but only some validate their results using mineral grades or optimize the algorithms to classify rocks in *** paper presents an ore-sorting algorithm based on image processing and machine learning that is able to classify rocks from a gold and silver mine based on their *** algorithm is composed of four main stages:(1)image segmentation and partition,(2)color and texture feature extraction,(3)sub-image classification using neural networks,and(4)a voting system to determine the overall class of the *** algorithm was trained using images of rocks that a geologist manually classified according to their mineral content and then was validated using a different set of rocks analyzed in a laboratory to determine their gold and silver *** proposed method achieved a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.961 points,higher than other classification algorithms based on support vector machines and convolutional neural networks,and a processing time under 44 ms,promising for real-time ore sorting applications.

关键词： Ore sorting Image color analysis Image texture analysis Machine learning

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