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GDNF to the rescue:GDNF delivery effects on motor neurons and nerves,and muscle re-innervation after peripheral nerve injuries

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第4期17卷 748-753页

作者： Alberto F.Cintrón-Colón Gabriel Almeida-Alves Juliana m.VanGyseghem john m.spitsbergen Biological Sciences Department Western Michigan UniversityKalamazooMIUSA

Peripheral nerve injuries commonly occur due to trauma,like a traffic accident.Peripheral nerves get severed,causing motor neuron death and potential muscle atrophy.The current golden standard to treat peripheral nerve lesions,especially lesions with large(≥3 cm)nerve gaps,is the use of a nerve autograft or reimplantation in cases where nerve root avulsions occur.If not tended early,degeneration of motor neurons and loss of axon regeneration can occur,leading to loss of function.Although surgical procedures exist,patients often do not fully recover,and quality of life deteriorates.Peripheral nerves have limited regeneration,and it is usually mediated by Schwann cells and neurotrophic factors,like glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,as seen in Wallerian degeneration.Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is a neurotrophic factor known to promote motor neuron survival and neurite outgrowth.Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is upregulated in different forms of nerve injuries like axotomy,sciatic nerve crush,and compression,thus creating great interest to explore this protein as a potential treatment for peripheral nerve injuries.Exogenous glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor has shown positive effects in regeneration and functional recovery when applied in experimental models of peripheral nerve injuries.In this review,we discuss the mechanism of repair provided by Schwann cells and upregulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,the latest findings on the effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in different types of peripheral nerve injuries,delivery systems,and complementary treatments(electrical muscle stimulation and exercise).Understanding and overcoming the challenges of proper timing and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery is paramount to creating novel treatments to tend to peripheral nerve injuries to improve patients'quality of life.

关键词： electrical muscle stimulation exercise glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery motor neuron nerve gap neurotrophic factor peripheral nerve injury Schwann cells skeletal muscle atrophy

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Nonuniform Dependence on the Initial Data for Solutions of Conservation Laws

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Communications on Applied mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 489-500页

作者： john m.Holmes Barbara Lee Keyfitz Department of mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA

In this paper,we study systems of conservation laws in one space dimension.We prove that for classical solutions in Sobolev spaces H^(s),with s>3/2,the data-to-solution map is not uniformly continuous.Our results appl... 详细信息

关键词： Conservation laws Data-to-solution map Nonuniform dependence

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Immunotherapy of gastric cancer:Present status and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第8期30卷 779-793页

作者： john K Triantafillidis manousos m Konstadoulakis Apostolos E Papalois Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit “Metropolitan General”HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece.Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece Second Department of Surgery University of Athens School of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528AtticaGreece Unit of Surgical Research and Training Second Department of SurgeryUniversity of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528AtticaGreece

In this editorial,we comment on the article entitled“Advances and key focus areas in gastric cancer immunotherapy:A comprehensive scientometric and clinical trial review(1999-2023),”which was published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology.We focused on the results of the authors’bibliometric analysis concerning gastric cancer immunotherapy,which they analyzed in depth by compiling the relevant publications of the last 20 years.Before that,we briefly describe the most recent data concerning the epidemiological parameters of gastric cancer(GC)in different countries,attempting to give an interpretation based on the etiological factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of the neoplasm.We then briefly discuss the conservative treatment(chemotherapy)of the various forms of this malignant neoplasm.We describe the treatment of resectable tumors,locally advanced neoplasms,and unresectable(advanced)cases.Special attention is given to modern therapeutic approaches with emphasis on immunotherapy,which seems to be the future of GC treatment,especially in combination with chemotherapy.There is also a thorough analysis of the results of the study under review in terms of the number of scientific publications,the countries in which the studies were conducted,the authors,and the scientific centers of origin,as well as the clinical studies in progress.Finally,an attempt is made to draw some conclusions and to point out possible future directions.

关键词： Gastric cancer Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors Bibliometrics Scientometrics

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Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS) Version 15

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 599-604页

作者： john W.Orchard Ebonie Rio Kay m.Crossley Jessica J.Orchard margo mountjoy School of Public Health University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia La Trobe Sport and Exercise medicine Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3083Australia Department of Family medicine McMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada

Background:Sports medicine(injury and illnesses)requires distinct coding systems because the International Classification of Diseases is insuf-ficient for sports medicine coding.The Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System(OSIICS)is one of two sports medicine coding systems recommended by the International Olympic Committee.Regular updates of coding systems are required.methods:For Version 15,updates for mental health conditions in athletes,sports cardiology,concussion sub-types,infectious diseases,and skin and eye conditions were considered particularly important.Results:Recommended codes were added from a recent International Olympic Committee consensus statement on mental health conditions in athletes.Two landmark sports cardiology papers were used to update a more comprehensive list of sports cardiology codes.Rugby union protocols on head injury assessment were used to create additional concussion codes.Conclusion:It is planned that OSIICS Version 15 will be translated into multiple new languages in a timely fashion to facilitate international accessibility.The large number of recently published sport-specific and discipline-specific consensus statements on athlete surveillance warrant regular updating of OSIICS.

关键词： Sports cardiology Dermatology Eye injuries Concussion Infectious diseases Sports injury classification

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Combination treatment of inflammatory bowel disease:Present status and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第15期30卷 2068-2080页

作者： john K Triantafillidis Constantinos G Zografos manousos m Konstadoulakis Apostolos E Papalois Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit "Metropolitan General"HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology 354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece The 2^(nd)Department of Surgery University of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece Unit of Surgical Research and Training The 2^(nd)Department of SurgeryUniversity of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece

The treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),especially those with severe or refractory disease,represents an important challenge for the clinical gastroenterologist.It seems to be no exaggeration to say that in these patients,not only the scientific background of the gastroenterologist is tested,but also the abundance of“gifts”that he should possess(insight,intuition,determ-ination,ability to take initiative,etc.)for the successful outcome of the treatment.In daily clinical practice,depending on the severity of the attack,IBD is treated with one or a combination of two or more pharmaceutical agents.These combin-ations include not only the first-line drugs(e.g.,mesalazine,corticosteroids,antibiotics,etc)but also second-and third-line drugs(immunosuppressants and biologic agents).It is a fact that despite the significant therapeutic advances there is still a significant percentage of patients who do not satisfactorily respond to the treatment applied.Therefore,a part of these patients are going to surgery.In recent years,several small-size clinical studies,reviews,and case reports have been published combining not only biological agents with other drugs(e.g.,immunosuppressants or corticosteroids)but also the combination of two biologi-cal agents simultaneously,especially in severe cases.In our opinion,it is at least a strange(and largely unexplained)fact that we often use combinations of drugs in a given patient although studies comparing the simultaneous administration of two or more drugs with monotherapy are very few.As mentioned above,there is a timid tendency in the literature to combine two biological agents in severe cases unresponsive to the applied treatment or patients with severe extraintestinal manifestations.The appropriate dosage,the duration of the administration,the suitable timing for checking the clinical and laboratory outcome,as well as the treatment side-effects,should be the subject of intense clinical research shortly.In this editorial,we attempt to summarize the existing d

关键词： Biologics for immune-mediated conditions Dual-targeted treatment Combination treatment Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s

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Early-onset gastrointestinal cancer:An epidemiological reality with great significance and implications

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 583-597页

作者： john K Triantafillidis Konstantinos Georgiou manousos m Konstadoulakis Apostolos E Papalois Department of IBD and GI Endoscopy Metropolitan General HospitalHolargos 15562AthensGreece.Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece 2nd Department of Surgery University of Athens School of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece

During the last few years,epidemiological data from many countries suggest that the incidence and prevalence of many cancers of the digestive system are shifting from the older to the younger ages,the so-called“early-onset cancer”.This is particularly evident in colorectal cancer and secondarily in other malignant digestive neoplasms,mainly stomach and in a lesser degree pancreas,and biliary tract.It should be emphasized that data concerning digestive neoplasms,except for those referring to the colon and stomach,could be characterized as rather insufficient.The exact magnitude of the shift in younger ages is expected to become clearer shortly,as long as relevant epidemiological data from many parts of the world would be available.The most important question concerns the etiology of this phenomenon,since its magnitude cannot be explained solely by the better diagnostic methodology and the preventive programs applied in many countries.The existing data support the assumption that a number of environ-mental factors may play a primary role in influencing carcinogenesis,sometimes from childhood.Changes that have appeared in the last decades related mainly to eating habits,consistency of gut microbiome and an increase of obese people interacting with genetic factors,ultimately favor the process of carcinogenesis.Even these factors however,are not entirely sufficient to explain the age-related changes in the frequency of digestive neoplasms.Studies of the individual effect of each of the already known factors or factors likely to be involved in the etiology of this phenomenon and studies using state-of-the-art technologies to accurately determine the degree of the population exposure to these factors are required.In this article,we attempt to describe the epidemiological data supporting the age-shifting of digestive malignancies and their possible pathogenesis.Finally,we propose some measures regarding the attitude of the scientific community to this alarming phenomenon.

关键词： Gastrointestinal cancer Endoscopy Epidemiology Early-onset Environment

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Challenges and Opportunities in Preserving Key Structural Features of 3D-Printed metal/Covalent Organic Framework

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Nano-micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 362-381页

作者： Ximeng Liu Dan Zhao john Wang Department of materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117585Singapore National University of Singapore(Chongqing)Research Institute Chongqing 401123People’s Republic of China

metal-organic framework(mOF)and covalent organic framework(COF)are a huge group of advanced porous materials exhibiting attractive and tunable microstructural features,such as large surface area,tunable pore size,and functional surfaces,which have significant values in various application areas.The emerging 3D printing technology further provides mOF and COFs(m/COFs)with higher designability of their macrostructure and demonstrates large achievements in their performance by shaping them into advanced 3D monoliths.However,the currently available 3D printing m/COFs strategy faces a major challenge of severe destruction of m/COFs’microstructural features,both during and after 3D printing.It is envisioned that preserving the microstructure of m/COFs in the 3D-printed monolith will bring a great improvement to the related applications.In this overview,the 3D-printed m/COFs are categorized into m/COF-mixed monoliths and m/COF-covered monoliths.Their differences in the properties,applications,and current research states are discussed.The up-to-date advancements in paste/scaffold composition and printing/covering methods to preserve the superior m/COF microstructure during 3D printing are further discussed for the two types of 3D-printed m/COF.Throughout the analysis of the current states of 3D-printed m/COFs,the expected future research direction to achieve a highly preserved microstructure in the 3D monolith is proposed.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks Covalent organic frameworks 3D printing microstructure monolith

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A holistic approach to improving safety for battery energy storage systems

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 422-439页

作者： James Close Jonathan E.Barnard Y.m.john Chew Semali Perera Department of Chemical Engineering Centre for DigitalManufacturing&DesignUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK iomosaic International Limited 16-18 Queen SquareBath BA12HNUK

The integration of battery energy storage systems(BESS)throughout our energy chain poses concerns regarding safety,especially since batteries have high energy density and numerous BESS failure events have occurred.Wider spread adoption will only increase the prevalence of these failure events unless there is a step change in the management and design of BESS.To understand the causes of failure,the main challenges of BESS safety are summarised.BESS consequences and failure events are discussed,including specific focus on the chain of events causing thermal runaway,and a case study of a BESS explosion in Surprise Arizona is analysed.Based on the technology and past events,a paradigm shift is required to improve BESS safety.In this review,a holistic approach is proposed.This combines currently adopted approaches including battery cell testing,lumped cell mathematical modelling,and calorimetry,alongside additional measures taken to ensure BESS safety including the requirement for computational fluid dynamics and kinetic modelling,assessment of installation level testing of the full BESS system and not simply a single cell battery test,hazard and layers of protection analysis,gas chromatography,and composition testing.The holistic approach proposed in this study aims to address challenges of BESS safety and form the basis of a paradigm shift in the safety management and design of these systems.

关键词： Energy storagesystems Process safety Battery safety Thermal safety

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Aerodynamics of a Tandem-Bladed Axial Compressor Rotor under Circumferential Distortion at Different Rotational Speeds

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第4期33卷 1340-1356页

作者： Amit KUmAR Jerry T.john A.m.PRADEEP R.A.D.AKKERmANS Dragan KOZULOVIC Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering Hamburg University of Applied Sciences Institute of Jet Propulsion Bundeswehr University Munich

For most aircraft engines,inflow distortion is inevitable.Inflow distortion is known to degrade the aerodynamic performance and stable operating limits of a compressor.Tandem rotor configuration is an arrangement that effectively controls the growth of the boundary layer over the suction surface of the blade.Therefore,a higher total pressure rise can be achieved through this unconventional design approach involving the splitting of the blade into forward and aft sections.It is expected that the effect of inlet flow distortion would be more severe for a tandem-rotor design due to the greater flow turning inherent in such designs.However,this aspect needs to be thoroughly examined.The present study discusses the effect of circumferential distortion on the tandem-rotor at different rotational speeds.Full-annulus RANS simulations using ANSYS CFX are used in the present study.The performance of the rotor at a particular flow coefficient and different rotational speeds is compared.The total pressure and efficiency are observed to drop at lower mass flow rates under the influence of circumferential distortion.The loss region in each blade passage is mainly associated with the blade wake,tip leakage vortex,secondary flow,and boundary layer.However,their contribution varies from passage to passage,particularly in the distorted sector.At the lower span,the wake width is found to be higher than that at a higher span.Due to the redistribution of the mass flow,the circumferential extent reduces at a higher span.In the undistorted sector,the strength of the tip leakage vortex is significantly higher at the design rotational speed than at lower speeds.The distortion near the tip region promotes an early vortex breakdown even at the design operating condition.This adversely affects the total pressure,efficiency,and stall margin.Under clean flow conditions,this phenomenon is only observed near the stall point.At the design operating condition,the breakdown of the forward rotor tip leakage vortex is detected in four blade passages

关键词： tandem rotor circumferential distortion loss tip leakage vortex vortex breakdown diffusion factor aerodynamics of compressor blade

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Review of Networked microgrid Protection:Architectures,Challenges,Solutions,and Future Trends

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 448-467页

作者： Jorge de la Cruz Ying Wu john E.Candelo-Becerra Juan C.Vasquez Josep m.Guerrero Center for Research on microgrids(CROm) Department of Energy TechnologyAalborg University9220 AalborgDenmark Facultad de minas Departamento de Energia Eléctrica y AutomaticaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaSede MedellinCarrera 80 No.65-223RobledoMedellin 050041Colombia. Center for Research on microgrids at UPC(UPC CROm) Department of Electronic EngineeringTechnical University of Catalonia(UPC)08019 Barcelona Spain ICREA Pg.Lluis Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain Center for Research on microgrids at AAU(AAU CROm) AAU EnergyAalborg University(AAU)9220 Aalborg EastDenmark

Design and selection of advanced protection schemes have become essential for reliable and secure operation of networked microgrids.Various protection schemes that allow correct operation of microgrids have been proposed for individual systems in different topologies and connections.Nevertheless,protection schemes for networked microgrids are still in devel-opment,and further research is required to design and operate advanced protection in interconnected systems.Interconnection of these microgrids in different nodes with various intercon-nection technologies increases fault occurrence and complicates protection operation.This paper aims to point out challenges in developing protection for networked microgrids,potential solutions,and research areas that need to be addressed for their development.First,this article presents a systematic analysis of different microgrid clusters proposed since 2016,including several architectures of networked microgrids,operation modes,components,and utilization of renewable sources,which have not been widely explored in previous review papers.Second,the paper presents a discussion on protection systems currently available for microgrid clusters,current challenges,and solutions that have been proposed for these systems.Finally,it discusses the trend of protection schemes in networked microgrids and presents some conclusions related to implementation.IndexTerms—Adaptive eprotection,microgrid cluster,microgrid,multiple microgrid,networked microgrid,real-time simulation,smart grid.

关键词： Adaptive eprotection microgrid cluster microgrid multiple microgrid networked microgrid real-time simulation smart grid

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