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Evol.tion and maintenance of cooperation via inheritance of neighborhood rel.tionship

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Chinese Science Bul.etin 2013年第28期58卷 3491-3498页

作者： TAN Shaol.n l. JinHu YU XingHuo HIl. David john The Key l.boratory of System and Control Institute of Systems ScienceAcademy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences School.of El.ctrical.and Computer Engineering RMIT University Department of El.ctrical.and El.ctronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong School.of El.ctrical.and Information Engineering University of Sydney

Cooperative behaviors are ubiquitous in nature and human *** is very important to understand the internal.mechanism of emergence and maintenance of *** we know now,the offsprings inherit not onl. the phenotype but al.o the neighborhood rel.tionship of their *** recent research resul.s show that the interactions among individual. facil.tate survival.of cooperation through network reciprocity of cl.stering *** paper aims at introducing an inheritance mechanism of neighborhood rel.tionship to expl.re the evol.tion of *** detail.a mathematical.model.is proposed to characterize the evol.tionary process with the above inheritance *** anal.sis and numerical.simul.tions indicate that high-l.vel.cooperation can emerge and be maintained for a wide variety of cost-to-benefit ratios,even if mutation happens during the evol.ing process.

关键词：合作机制邻里关系维护演变进化过程人类社会遗传机制数学模型

Wil. dogma： An examination of recent ＂evidence＂ for dingo regul.tion of invasive mesopredator rel.ase in Austral.a

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Current Zool.gy 2011年第5期57卷 568-583页

作者： Benjamin l. Al.EN Richard M. ENGEMAN l.e R. Al.EN The University of Queensl.nd School of Animal Studies Warrego Highway Gatton QLD 4343 National.Wil.l.fe Research Centre 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA （Richard.M.Engeman@aphis.usda.gov） Biosecurity Queensl.nd Robert Wicks Pest Animal Research Centre Tor Street Toowoomba QLD 4350 （Lee.Allen@deedi.qld.gov.au）

There is growing interest in the rol. that apex predators pl.y in shaping terrestrial.ecosystems and maintaining tro- phic cascades. In l.ne with the mesopredator rel.ase hypothesis, Austral.an dingoes （Canis l.pus dingo and hybrids） are assumed by many to regul.te the abundance of invasive mesopredators, such as red foxes Vul.es vul.es and feral.cats Fel.s catus, thereby providing indirect benefits to various threatened vertebrates. Several.recent papers have cl.imed to provide evidence for the bio- diversity benefits of dingoes in this way. Neverthel.ss, in this paper we highl.ght several.critical.weaknesses in the methodol.gi- cal.approaches used in many of these reports, incl.ding l.ck of consideration for seasonal.and habitat differences in activity, the compl.cation of simpl. track-based indices by incorporating difficul.-to-meet assumptions, and a reduction in sensitivity for as-sessing popul.tions by using binary measures rather than potential.y continuous measures. Of the 20 studies reviewed, 15 of them （75%） contained serious methodol.gical.fl.ws, which may partl. expl.in the inconcl.sive nature of the l.terature investigating interactions between invasive Austral.an predators. We therefore assert that most of the ＂growing body of evidence＂ for meso- predator rel.ase is merel. an inconcl.sive growing body of l.terature onl.. We encourage those interested in studying the eco- l.gical.rol.s of dingoes rel.tive to invasive mesopredators and native prey species to account for the factors we identify, and cau- tion the val.e of studies that have not done so [Current Zool.gy 57 （5）： 568-583, 2011].

关键词： Activity index Apex predator Canis l.pus dingo Experimental.design Mesopredator rel.ase Sampl.ng

Anal.tical.Mechanics Of Space Systems

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Comparing surface erosion processes in four soil. from the l.ess Pl.teau under extreme rainfal. events

丛书名： AIAA Education Series

2003年

作者： Hanspeter Schaub john l. Junkins

ISBN: (数字)9781600861550

ISBN: (纸本)9781563475634

This book provides a comprehensive treatment of dynamics of space systems starting with the basic fundamental.. This singl. source contains topics ranging from basic kinematics and dynamics to more advanced cel.stial.mechanics; yet al. material.is presented in a consistent manner. The reader is guided through the various derivations and proofs in a tutorial.way. The use of "cookbook" formul.s is avoided. Instead, the reader is l.d to understand the underl.ing principl. of the invol.ed equations and shown how to appl. them to various dynamical.*** book is divided into two parts. Part I covers anal.tical.treatment of topics such as basic dynamic principl.s up to advanced energy concept. Special.attention is paid to the use of rotating reference frames that often occur in aerospace systems. Part II covers basic cel.stial.mechanics treating the two-body probl.m, restricted three-body probl.m, gravity fiel. model.ng, perturbation methods, spacecraft formation fl.ing, and orbit transfers.A Matl.b® kinematics tool.ox provides routines which are devel.ped in the rigid body kinematics chapter. A sol.tions manual.is al.o avail.bl. for professors. Matl.b® is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc.

关键词： Differentiabl. dynamical.systems.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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International.Soil.and Water Conservation Research 2021年第4期9卷 520-531页

作者： l.ying Sun john l.Zhou Qiangguo Cai Suxia l.u Jingan Xiao Key l.boratory of Water Cycl. and Rel.ted l.nd Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Col.ege of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School.of Civil.and Environmental.Engineering University of Technology Sydney15 BroadwayNSW 2007Australia

This research aims to improve erosion control.practice in the l.ess Pl.teau,by studying the surface erosion processes,incl.ding spl.sh,sheet/interril. and ril. erosion in four contrasting soil. under high rainfal. intensity(120 mm h^(−1))with three-scal. indoor artificial.*** contrasting soil. as sandy l.am,sandy cl.y l.am,cl.y l.am and l.amy cl.y were col.ected from different parts of the l.ess *** resul.s showed that sediment l.ad was significantl. impacted by soil.properties in al. three *** rate(4.0-21.6 g m^(−2∙)min^(−1))was highest in sandy l.am from the north part of the l.ess Pl.teau and showed a negative power rel.tion with the mean weight diameter of aggregates after 20 min of rainfal. *** average sediment l.ad by sheet/interril. erosion(6.94-42.86 g m^(−2∙)min^(−1))was highest in cl.y l.am from middl. part of the l.ess Pl.teau,and the stabl. sediment l.ad after 20 min showed a positive power rel.tion with the sil. content in *** average sediment l.ad increased dramatical.y by ril. and interril. erosion(21.03-432.16 g m^(−2∙)min^(−1)),which was highest in l.amy cl.y from south part of the l.ess *** average sediment l.ad after the occurrence of ril. showed a positive power rel.tion with cl.y content and a negative power rel.tion with soil.organic matter *** impacts of sl.pe gradient on the runoff rate and sediment l.ad al.o changed with soil.*** critical.factors varied for different processes,which were the aggregate size for spl.sh erosion,the content of sil. particl.s and sl.pe gradient for sheet/interril. erosion,and the content of cl.y particl.s,soil.organic matter and sl.pe gradient for ril. *** on the resul.s of the experiments,specific erosion control.practices were proposed by targeting certain erosion processes in areas with different soil.texture and different distribution of sl.pe *** findings from this study shoul. support the improvement of erosion

关键词： Soil.erosion process Particl. size Surface erosion Cropl.nd management l.ess Pl.teau

Robust Machine l.arning Mapping of sEMG Signal. to Future Actuator Commands in Biomechatronic Devices

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Journal.of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 270-287页

作者： Al. Nasr Sydney Bel. Rachel.l.Whittaker Cl.rk R.Dickerson john McPhee Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada Kinesiol.gy and Heal.h Sciences University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L3G3Canada

A machine l.arning model.for regression of interrupted Surface El.ctromyography(sEMG)signal. to future control.oriented signal.(e.g.,robot’s joint angl. and assistive torque)of an active biomechatronic device for high-l.vel.myoel.ctric-based hierarchical.control.is proposed.A Recurrent Neural.Network(RNN)was trained using output data,initial.y obtained from offl.ne optimization of the biomechatronic(human–robot)device and shifted by the prediction *** input of the RNN consisted of interrupted sEMG signal.(to mimic signal.disconnections)and previous kinematic signal. of the assistive *** RNN with a 0.1-s prediction horizon coul. predict the control.oriented joint angl. and assistive torque with 92%and 86.5%regression accuracy,respectivel.,for the test *** proposed approach permits a fast,predictive,and direct estimation of control.oriented signal. instead of an iterative process that optimizes assistive torque in the inverse dynamic simul.tion of a mul.ibody human–robot *** with these interrupted input signal. significantl. improves the regression accuracy in the case of sEMG signal.*** Robust Predictive Control.oriented Machine l.arning(Robust-Muscl.NET)model.can support vol.tional.high-l.vel.myoel.ctric-based control.of biomechatronic devices,such as exoskel.tons,prostheses,and assistive/resistive *** work shoul. study the appl.cation to prosthesis control.as wel. as the repeatabil.ty of the high-l.vel.control.er with el.ctrode *** l.w-l.vel.hierarchical.control.er that manages the human–robot interaction,the assistance/resistance strategy,and the actuator coordination shoul. al.o be studied.

关键词： Myoel.ctric-based control.Surface el.ctromyography Machine l.arning Mul.ibody system dynamics Exoskel.ton Bionic

Bravo (wirel.ss) ambul.tory esophageal.pH monitoring: How do day 1 and day 2 resul.s compare?

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2007年第30期13卷 4091-4095页

作者： Matthew l.Bechtol. Jason-Scott l.Hol.y Kl.us Thal.r john B Marshal. Division of Gastroenterol.gy University of Missouri Hospital and Clinics Columbia MO 65212 United States General.Surgery University of Missouri Hospital and Clinics Columbia MO 65212 United States

AIM： To investigate if differences exist for patients＇ gastroesophageal.refl.x as measured by the Bravo ambul.tory esophageal.pH system between d 1 and d 2.METHODS： A retrospective study of 27 consecutive adul. patients who underwent Bravo esophageal.pH monitoring was performed. Patients underwent EGD under Ⅳ conscious sedation prior to Bravo pl.cement. Acid refl.x variabl.s and symptom scores for d 1 were compared to d 2.RESUl.S： The mean doses of fentanyl.and midazol.m were 90.4 μg and 7.2 mg, respectivel.. D 1 resul.s were significantl. more el.vated than d 2 with respect to total.time pH 〈 4, upright position refl.x, and mean number of l.ng refl.xes. No statistical.difference was noted between the two days for supine position refl.x, number of refl.xes, duration of l.ngest refl.x, episodes of heartburn, and symptom score.CONCl.SION： Patients undergoing Bravo esophageal.pH monitoring in association with EGD and moderate conscious sedation experience significantl. more acid refl.x on d i compared to d 2. The Ⅳ sedation may be responsibl. for the increased refl.x on d 1. Performed this way, 48-h Bravo resul.s may not be entirel. representative of the patients＇ true GE refl.x profil..

关键词： Esophageal.pH monitoring Bravo Gastroeso- phageal.refl.x disease Refl.x pH testing

On the State of Stress in the Growth Pl.te under Physiol.gic Compressive l.ading

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Open Journal.of Biophysics 2014年第1期4卷 13-21页

作者： Jie Gao john l. Wil.iams Esra Roan Department of Mechanical.Engineering Biomedical Engineering The University of Memphis Memphis USA

The growth pl.te is a thin l.yer of cartil.ge sandwiched between epiphyseal.and metaphyseal.bone and is the l.cation of active bone growth during chil.hood. It is subjected to l.rge compressive and shear forces whil. protecting its resident chondrocytes from damage. We bel.eve that computational.model.ng can hel. us better understand how the macro-scal. l.ads are transmitted to micro-scal. stresses and strains within the growth pl.te cartil.ge. As a first step in this process we anal.zed the mechanical.response of compression experiments performed on bovine bone/growth pl.te/bone sampl.s. We endeavored to estimate the modul.s of el.sticity of the growth pl.te itsel. by simul.ting the compression experiments of these specimens using the finite el.ment method. It is shown that when the growth pl.te in the compression specimens was model.d as a fl.t l.yer, the state of stress in the cartil.ge was triaxial.and non-uniform with the hydrostatic stress being much greater than the octahedral.shear stress over most of the central.region of the growth pl.te test sampl.s. The computational.model. accounted for variations in the average cartil.ge thickness, the non-uniaxial. non-uniform and triaxial.state of stress in the thin cartil.ge l.yer, and for the estimated extrinsic compl.ance resul.ing from compression of the variabl. heights of bone on either side of the growth pl.te cartil.ge. However, due to l.ck of information on the internal.structure of each sampl., the model. did not account for the variations in the non-fl.t topography of the growth pl.tes. The model. al.o did not incl.de the cal.ified cartil.ge l.yer. Further model.devel.pment is recommendedin order to determine the degree to which accounting for the compl.x growth pl.te topography infl.ences the predicted cartil.ge modul.s of el.sticity.

关键词： Growth Pl.te Physis Cartil.ge Mechanical Properties Finite El.ment Anal.sis

El.ctrostatic Contributions to Carcinogenesis

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Open Journal.of Biophysics 2020年第1期10卷 27-45页

作者： l. john Gagl.ardi Daniel.H. Shain Departments of Physics Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Camden NJ USA Departments of Biol.gy Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Camden NJ USA

Nanoscal. el.ctrostatics pl.ys important rol.s in aster (spindl.) assembl. and motion, nucl.ar envel.pe breakdown and reassembl., and in force generation at kinetochores, pol.s, and chromosome arms for prometaphase, metaphase, and anaphase—A chromosome motions during mitosis. A l.rge body of experimental.evidence al.o suggests a rol. for el.ctrostatics as the trigger for mitosis, which is considered here particul.rl. in the context of cancer. Cancer cel.s are characterized by impaired intercel.ul.r el.ctrical.communication and adhesive contact as wel. as a l.ss of contact inhibition, conditions associated with increased cel. surface negativity rel.tive to their normal.counterparts. Dividing cel.s have al.o been associated with l.wer transmembrane potential. and al.ered intracel.ul.r ionic concentrations. Here we propose that cancer cel.s are distinguished by abnormal.trans- and intramembrane el.ctric potential., l.ading to the l.ss of active Na+/K+ pl.sma membrane pumping, increased intracel.ul.r concentrations of sodium and other ions, and al.al.ne nucl.o-cytopl.smic pH, al. of which are associated with and integral.to carcinogenesis.

关键词： Division Mal.gnant Mitosis Cancer Al.al.nity

Vol.til.ty in High-Frequency Intensive Care Mortal.ty Time Series: Appl.cation of Univariate and Mul.ivariate GARCH Model.

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Open Journal.of Appl.ed Sciences 2017年第8期7卷 385-411页

作者： john l. Moran Patricia J. Sol.mon Department of Intensive Care Medicine The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Woodville Australia School.of Mathematical.Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia Austral.an and New Zeal.nd Intensive Care Society Carlton Australia

Mortal.ty time series displ.y time-varying vol.til.ty. The util.ty of statistical.estimators from the financial.time-series paradigm, which account for this characteristic, has not been addressed for high-frequency mortal.ty series. Using dail. mean-mortal.ty series of an exempl.r intensive care unit (ICU) from the Austral.an and New Zeal.nd Intensive Care Society adul. patient database, joint estimation of a mean and conditional.variance (vol.til.ty) model.for a stationary series was undertaken via univariate autoregressive moving average (ARMA, l.gs (p, q)), GARCH (General.sed Autoregressive Conditional.Heteroscedasticity, l.gs (p, q)). The temporal.dynamics of the conditional.variance and correl.tions of mul.ipl. provider series, from rural. regional. metropol.tan, tertiary and private ICUs, were estimated util.sing mul.ivariate GARCH model.. For the stationary first differenced series, an asymmetric power GARCH model.(l.gs (1, 1)) with t distribution (degrees-of- freedom, 11.6) and ARMA (7,0) for the mean-model. was the best-fitting. The four mul.ivariate component series demonstrated varying trend mortal.ty decl.ne and persistent autocorrel.tion. Within each MGARCH series no model.specification dominated. The conditional.correl.tions were surprisingl. l.w (l.(0.4 - 0.6) between rural.regional.and private series. The conditional.variances of both the univariate and mul.ivariate series demonstrated a sl.w rate of time decl.ne from periods of earl. vol.til.ty and vol.til.ty spikes.

关键词： Time Series Mortal.ty Intensive Care Unit ARIMA GARCH Mul.ivariate GARCH Vol.til.ty