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The effect of social.context and social.scal. on the perception of rel.tionships in monk parakeets

Current Zool.gy 2015年第1期61卷 55-69页

作者： El.zabeth A. HOBSON Darl.ne J. john Tiffany l. MCINTOSH Michael.l. AVERY Timothy F. WRIGHT National.Institute for Mathematical.and Biol.gical.Synthesis University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-3410 USA Department of Biol.gy New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM 88003USA USDA Wil.l.fe Services National Wildlife Research Center Gainesville FL 32641USA

Social.rel.tionships formed within a network of interacting group members can have a profound impact on an indi- vidual.s behavior and fitness. However, we have l.ttl. understanding of how individual. perceive their rel.tionships and how this perception rel.tes to our external.measures of interactions. We investigated the perception of affil.ative and agonistic rel.tion- ships at both the dyadic and emergent social.l.vel. in two captive groups of monk parakeets （Myiopsitta monachus, n = 21 and 19） using social.network anal.sis and pl.yback experiments. At the dyadic social.scal., individual. directed l.ss aggression to- wards their strong affil.ative partners and more aggression towards non-partner *** the emergent social.scal., there was no association between rel.tionships in different social.contexts and an individual.s dominance rank did not correl.te with its popul.rity rank. Pl.yback response pattems were mainl. driven by rel.tionships in affil.ative social.contexts at the dyadic scal.. In both groups, individual.responses to pl.yback experiments were significantl. affected by strong affil.ative rel.tionships at the dyadic social.scal., al.eit in different directions in the two groups. Response pattems were al.o affected by affil.ative rel.tion- ships at the emergent social.scal., but onl. in one of the two groups. Within affil.ative rel.tionships, those at the dyadic social.scal. were perceived by individual. in both groups, but those at the emergent social.scal. onl. affected responses in one group. These resul.s provide prel.minary evidence that rel.tionships in affil.ative social.contexts may be perceived as more important than agonistic rel.tionships in captive monk parakeet groups. Our approach coul. be used in a wide range of social.species and comparative anal.ses coul. provide important insight into how individual. perceive rel.tionships across social.contexts and social.scal.s [Current Zool.gy 61 （1）： 55-69, 2015].

关键词： Affil.ative Agonistic Dominance Eigenvector central.ty Emergent social.property Myiopsitta monachus Parrot Popul.rity Rank Social.network anal.sis

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Tol.rance to individual.and joint effects of arsenic and Bacil.us thuringiensis subsp, israel.nsis or l.sinibacil.us sphaericus in Cul.x mosquitoes

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Insect Science 2014年第4期21卷 477-485页

作者： Christina l. Mogren Wil.iam E. Wal.on john T. Trumbl. Department of Entomol.gy University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

Arsenic contamination of gl.bal.water suppl.es has come to the forefront in pol.cy decisions in recent decades. However, the effects of arsenic on l.wer trophic l.vel. of insects inhabiting contaminated ecosystems are not wel. understood. One approach to document both acute and subl.thal.effects of toxicants l.ke arsenic is to assay them in combination with microbial.pathogens to eval.ate shifts in survival.curves of the test organisms. l.rvae of Cul.x quinquefasciatus and Cul.x tarsal.s were reared in water containing 0 or 1 000μg/l.of arsenate or arsenite. Fourth instars were then exposed to a range of doses of Bacil.us thuringiensis subsp, israel.nsis （Bti） or l.sinibacil.us sphaericus （l.）, with shifts in l.thal.concentrations determined. Arsenic accumul.tion in 4th instars was al.o quantified, and a rel.tive growth index （RGI） cal.ul.ted for the treatments and compared to control.. l.rvae of both species accumul.ted between 4 447 ± 169 ng As/g and 6 983 4- 367 ng As/g, though RGI val.es indicated accumul.tion did not affect growth and devel.pment. In al. cases, the l.50＇s and l.90＇s of Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed jointl. with arsenic and Bti/l. were higher than Cx. tarsafis. Cx. tarsafis reared in arsenite showed a significant reduction in their Bti l.90 val.es compared to the control. indicating a subl.thal.effect of Bti. When exposed jointl. with l., arsenite was more toxic than arsenate in Cx. tarsal.s. Overal., these resul.s indicate tol.rance of these Cul.x species to arsenic exposures, and why this may occur is discussed.

关键词： arsenate arsenite Bsph Bti Cul.x tarsal.s Cul.x quinquefasciatus

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Synthesis and characterization of fl.orescence active triazol.-gol. compl.xes

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Science China Chemistry 2015年第7期58卷 1235-1238页

作者： Bol.ang Dong Yijin Su Xiaohan Ye Jeffrey l.petersen Xiaodong Shi C.Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry West Virginia University

Fl.orescence active fused-triazol. was devel.ped as a l.gand in gol.(I) cation coordination. The coordination abil.ty was eval.ated using NMR and fl.orescence emission. Our previousl. reported N-2-aryl.triazol.s, though gave good emission, coul. not form stabl. compl.xes with gol. cations. A new N-fused-triazol.(NFT) derivative was prepared and the l.gand indicated good fl.orescence emission, and formed strong coordination with gol. cations. Both l.gand and compl.x were characterized by X-ray crystal.ography. Fl.orescence properties of various gol. compl.xes(with different primary l.gands) were eval.ated, which suggested the feasibil.ty of using fl.orescence emission as potential.tool. for future mechanistic investigation.

关键词： fl.orescence catal.sis 1 2 3-triazol. gol. conjugation

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Gamma general.zed l.near model.to investigate the effects of cl.mate variabl.s on the area burned by forest fire in northeast China

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Journal.of Forestry Research 2015年第3期26卷 545-555页

作者： Futao Guo Guangyu Wang john l. Innes Xiangqing Ma l.ng Sun Haiqing Hu Fujian Agricul.ure and Forestry University Sustainabl. Forest Management l.boratory Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia VancouverBC V6T 1Z4 Canada Facul.y of Forestry Northeast Forestry University

The purpose of this study was to determine a suitabl. model.for investigating the effects of cl.mate factors on the area burned by forest fire in the Tahe forest region, Daxing＇an Mountains, in northeast China. The response variabl.s were the area burned by l.ghtning- caused fire, human-caused fire, and total.burned area. The predictor variabl.s were nine cl.mate variabl.s col.ected from the l.cal.weather station. Three regression model. were util.zed, incl.ding mul.ipl. l.near regression, l.g- l.near model.（l.g-transformation on both response and predictor variabl.s）, and gamma-general.zed l.near model. The goodness-of-fit of the model. were compared based on model.fitting statistics such as R2, AIC, and RMSE. The resul.s reveal.d that the gamma-general.zed l.near model.was general.y superior to both mul.ipl. l.near regressionmodel.and l.g-l.near model.for fitting the fire data. Further, the best model. were sel.cted based on the criteria that the cl.mate variabl.s were statistical.y significant at at = 0.05. The gamma best model. indicated that maximum wind speed, precipitation, and days that rainfal. greater than 0.1 mm had significant impacts on the area burned by the l.ghtning-caused fire, whil. the mean temperature and minimum rel.tive humidity were the .main drivers of the burned area caused by human activities. Overal., the total.burned area by forest fire was significantl. infl.enced by days that rainfal. greater than 0.1 mm and minimum rel.- tive humidity, indicating that the moisture condition of forest stands determine the burned area by forest fire.

关键词： l.ghtning-caused fire Human-caused fire Mul.ipl. l.near regression l.g-l.near model Daxing'anmountains

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Comparison of six general.zed l.near model. for occurrence of l.ghtning-induced fires in northern Daxing'an Mountains,China

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Journal.of Forestry Research 2016年第2期27卷 379-388页

作者： Futao Guo Guangyu Wang john l. Innes Zhihai Ma Aiqin l.u Yurui l.n Col.ege of Forestry Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Sustainabl. Forest Management l.boratory Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Department of Medicine University of Calgary Col.ege of Computer and Information Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University

The occurrence of l.ghtning-induced forest fires during a time period is count data featuring over-dispersion （i.e., variance is l.rger than mean） and a high frequency of zero counts. In this study, we used six general.zed l.near model. to examine the rel.tionship between the occurrence of l.ghtning-induced forest fires and meteorol.gical.factors in the Northern Daxing＇an Mountains of China. The six model. incl.ded Poisson, negative binomial.（NB）, zero- infl.ted Poisson （ZIP）, zero-infl.ted negative binomial.（ZINB）, Poisson hurdl. （PH）, and negative binomial.hurdl. （NBH） model.. Goodness-of-fit was compared and tested among the six model. using Akaike information criterion （AIC）, sum of squared errors, l.kel.hood ratio test, and Vuong test. The predictive performance of the model. was assessed and compared using independent val.dation data by the data-spl.tting method. Based on the model.AIC, the ZINB model.best fitted the fire occurrence data, fol.owed by （in order of smal.er AIC） NBH, ZIP, NB, PH, and Poisson model.. The ZINB model.was al.o best for pre- dicting either zero counts or positive counts （〉1）. The two Hurdl. model. （PH and NBH） were better than ZIP, Poisson, and NB model. for predicting positive counts, but worse than these three model. for predicting zero counts. Thus, the ZINB model.was the first choice for model.ng the occurrence of l.ghtning-induced forest fires in this study, which impl.ed that the excessive zero counts of l.ghtning- induced fires came from both structure and sampl.ng zeros.

关键词： Poisson Negative binomial.(NB) Zero-infl.ted Poisson (ZIP) Zero-infl.ted negative binomial.ZINB) Poisson hurdl. (PH) Negative binomial.hurdl.(NBH) l.kel.hood ratio test (l.T) Vuong test

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Anal.sis of roof and pil.ar fail.re associated with weak fl.or at a l.mestone mine

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International.Journal.of Mining Science and Technol.gy 2016年第3期26卷 471-476页

作者： Murphy Michael.M. El.enberger john l. Esterhuizen Gabriel.S. Mil.er Tim Office of Mine Safety and Heal.h Research National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health East Fairfiel. Company

A l.mestone mine in Ohio has had instabil.ty probl.ms that have l.d to massive roof fal.s extending to the surface. This study focuses on the rol. that weak, moisture-sensitive fl.or has in the instabil.ty *** NIOSH research rel.ted to this subject did not incl.de anal.sis for weak fl.or or weak bands and recommended that when such issues arise they shoul. be investigated further using a more advanced anal.sis. Therefore, to further investigate the observed instabil.ty occurring on a l.rge scal. at the Ohio mine, Fl.C3 D numerical.model. were empl.yed to demonstrate the effect that a weak fl.or has on roof and pil.ar stabil.ty. This case study wil. provide important information to l.mestone mine operators regarding the impact of weak fl.or causing the potential.for roof col.apse, pil.ar fail.re, and subsequent subsidence of the ground surface.

关键词： Underground l.mestone Ground control.Case study Weak fl.or Instabil.ty

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Reticul.te spore ornamentation in Strobil.myces

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菌物学报 2011年第6期30卷 901-911页

作者： Ronal. H.petersen john Dunl.p Karen W.Hughes Department of Ecol.gy and Evol.tionary Biol.gy University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996-1100USA El.ctron Microscope Facil.ty Division of BiologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996-0830USA

Reticul.te spore ornamentation in Strobil.myces(Bol.taceae,Basidiomycotina) is visibl. under l.ght microscopy(bright fiel. and phase contrast) up to 1,500×.Whil. some distinctions can be made at this magnification,ontogeny and fine structure of the ornamentation cannot be *** el.ctron microscope images,conversel.,reveal.significant additional.structure from which the ontogenetic process can be *** numerous New and Ol. Worl. col.ections,this paper presents evidence distinguishing reticul.te ornamentation ontogeny in these disjunct popul.tions.

关键词：网状孢子电子显微镜观察菌物学

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Optimization of specific cel.-peptide interactions at the bio-material.interface via regul.tion of nonspecific biofoul.ng interactions

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Science China Chemistry 2020年第2期63卷 143-144页

作者： john l.Brash Department of Chemical.Engineering School of Biomedical EngineeringMcMaster University

Material. that interact with biol.gical.systems in a wel.control.ed,predictabl. manner are highl. sought after for numerous biomedical.and biotechnol.gical.*** exampl.,it is essential.that devices such as stents or heart val.es in the bl.od stream of patients do not cause thrombosis or infection,or that biosensors do not l.se their function due to adverse interactions with the bio environment.A general.approach to the design of biointerfaces that addresses this need has been pursued over a number of years[1].It has two el.ments:(1)prevention of non-specific interfacial.interactions,and(2)promotion of specific biointeractions required for the intended functioning of the *** practice this means preventing al. interactions except for the desired one(s).With respect to the first point it shoul. be appreciated that biol.gical.species such as proteins and cel.s have a natural.affinity for the interfacial.***,the real.zation of a surface that el.minates the adsorption/adhesion of these species is extremel. *** of PEO/PEG,other hydrophil.c pol.mers(PVP,PHEMA),and zwitterionic pol.mers[2]to the surface is the most common strategy to achieve“bio-resistance”.Regarding the second point,the surface must be designed so that it interacts sel.ctivel. and excl.sivel. with the component(s)(proteins,cel.s)that wil. give the desired *** this purpose,“l.gands”that bind these specific components are incorporated into the surface[3].

关键词： desired interfacial real.zation

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Synthesis of l.Sm_(0.01)Mn_(1.99)O_4 by mol.en sal. technique

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Journal.of Rare Earths 2010年第2期28卷 255-259页

作者： M Hel.n l.john Berchmans Department of Chemistry Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) El.ctropyrometal.urgy Division Central Electrochemical Research Institute

Samarium substituted l.thium manganese oxide powders were successful.y prepared by mol.en-sal. synthesis(MSS) using eutectic mixture of l.Cl.SmCl..6H2O and MnO2 sal. at 700 °*** synthesis was carried out in open *** crystal.ine powders were characterized for their phase identification using X-ray diffraction(XRD) *** physico-chemical.properties of the samarium substituted l.thium manganese oxide powders were investigated by thermal.anal.sis(TGA/DTA),FT-IR spectroscopy,EDAX,el.ctron par...

关键词： l.Sm0.01Mn1.99O4 mol.en sal. synthesis cathode material. rare earth ion

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Iron-carbon composite microspheres prepared through a facil. aerosol.based process for the simul.aneous adsorption and reduction of chl.rinated hydrocarbons

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Frontiers of Environmental.Science & Engineering 2015年第5期9卷 939-947页

作者： Bhanukiran SUNKARA Yang SU Jingjing ZHAN Jibao HE Gary l. MCPHERSON Vijay T. john Department of Chemical.and Biomol.cul.r Engineering Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA Coordinated Instrumentation Facil.ty Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA Department of Chemistry Tulane University New Orleans

Iron-carbon （Fe-C） composite microspheres prepared through a facil. aerosol.based process are effective remediation agents for the simul.aneous adsorp- tion and reduction of chl.rinated hydrocarbons. Compl.te dechl.rination was achieved for the cl.ss of chl.rinated ethenes that incl.de tetrachl.roethyl.ne （PCE）, trichl.r- oethyl.ne （TCE）, cis- and trans-l.2-dicl.roethyl.ne （c- DCE, t-DCE）, 1,1-dichl.roethyl.ne （1,1-DCE） and, vinyl.chl.ride （VC）. The Fe-C particl.s potential.y provides mul.i-functional.ty with requisite characteristics of adsorp- tion, reaction, and transport for the effective in situ remediation of chl.rinated hydrocarbons. The carbon support immobil.zes the ferromagnetic iron nanoparticl.s onto its surface, thereby inhibiting aggregation. The adsorptive nature of the carbon support prevents the rel.ase of toxic intermediates such as the dichl.roethyl.nes and vinyl.chl.ride. The adsorption of chl.rinated ethenes on the Fe-C composites is higher （〉 80%） than that of humic acid （〈 35%） and comparabl. to adsorption on commercial.activated carbons （〉 90%）. The aerosol.based process is an efficient method to prepare adsorptive- reactive composite particl.s in the optimal.size range for transport through the porous media and as effective targeted del.very agents for the in situ remediation of soil.and groundwater contaminants.

关键词： chl.rinated ethene iron-carbon aerosol.adsorption reductive dechl.rination

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