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Experimental and analytical investigation on friction resistance force between buried coated pressurized steel pipes and soil

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 615-629页

作者： Shaurav ALAM Tanvir MANZUR john MATTHEWS Chris BARTLETT Erez ALLOUCHE Brent KEIL john kraft Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering Technology Louisiana Tech UniversityRustonLA 71270USA Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka 1000Bangladesh Georgia Tech Research Institute AtlantaGA 30332USA Stantec Inc. Edmonton T5J0K4Canada North West Pipe Company VancouverWA 98684USA

This paper presents an analytical approach for estimating frictional resistance to pipe movement at soil and external pipe surface of buried coated pressurized steel pipes relative to the internal thrust *** proposed analytical method was developed based on 36 experiments,which involved three coating types(cement mortar(CM),polyurethane type-I(PT-I),prefabricated plastic tape(PPT))on pipes’surfaces,three different soils(pea-gravel(PG),sand(S),silty-clay(SC)),and four simulated over burden depths above the pipe’s *** showed frictional resistance decreased with increasing over burden depth above the pipe’s *** degree of frictional resistance at the pipe-soil interface was found to be in the order of PG>SC>S for all coating variations and overburden *** coated pipe buried in all three types of soil produced significantly higher frictional resistance as compared to other coating *** on experimental data,the developed analytical introduced a dimensionless factor“Z”,which included effects of types of coatings,soil,and overburden depths for simplified rapid *** showed that the method provided a better prediction of frictional resistance forces,in comparison to previous analytical methods,which were barely close in predicting friction resistance for different coating variations,soil types,and overburden *** resistance force values reported herein could be considered conservative.

关键词： friction resistance force thrust force coated pressurized steel pipe soil type overburden depth

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Sulfonation of Hydroxymethylated Lignin and Its Application

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2019年第2期4卷 80-88页

作者： Weijue GAOD john P.W.INWOODD Pedram FATEHI Department of Chemical Engineering and Green Processes Research Centre Lakehead University955 Oliver RoadThunder Bay P7B5E1Canada

To valorize kraft lignin,hydroxymethylation and sulfonation were applied on this under-utilized,but vastly available,*** hydroxymethylation pretreatment was conducted as means to improve the reactivity of *** sulfonation of hydroxymethylated kraft lignin was investigated by sulfuric acid and sodium sulfite treatments under various *** modified lignin samples were characterized for their charge density,solubility,elemental components,and molecular *** results showed that the hydroxymethylation facilitated the sulfonation by sodium sulfite,yielding a product(SSH-lignin)with the charge density of-1.2 meq/g and water solubility of 10 g/L under the conditions of Ns_(2)SO_(3)/lignin molar ratio of 0.49 mol/mol,95℃and 3 *** the other hand,hydroxymethylation hindered the sulfonation of lignin by sulfuric acid,yielding a product(SAH-lignin)with the charge density of–0.46 meq/g and solubility of 0.9 g/L under the conditions of H_(2)SO_(4)/lignin molar ratio of 14.8 mol/mol,80℃and 1 *** SSH-lignin had a high adsorption on kaolinite(17 mg/g)at a lignin concentration of 40 g/*** sulfonated lignins were also found to be effective coagulant for the cationic dye ethyl violet.

关键词： kraft lignin hydroxymethylation sulfonation adsorption dye removal

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Enhanced ion acceleration from transparency-driven foils demonstrated at two ultraintense laser facilities

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第4期12卷 593-604页

作者： Nicholas P.Dover Tim Ziegler Stefan Assenbaum Constantin Bernert Stefan Bock Florian-Emanuel Brack Thomas E.Cowan Emma J.Ditter Marco Garten Lennart Gaus Ilja Goethel George S.Hicks Hiromitsu Kiriyama Thomas Kluge James K.Koga Akira Kon Kotaro Kondo Stephan kraft Florian Kroll Hazel F.Lowe Josefine Metzkes-Ng Tatsuhiko Miyatake Zulfikar Najmudin Thomas Püschel Martin Rehwald Marvin Reimold Hironao Sakaki Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt Keiichiro Shiokawa Marvin E.P.Umlandt Ulrich Schramm Karl Zeil Mamiko Nishiuchi Kansai Photon Science Institute National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology8-1-7 UmemidaiKizugawaKyoto 619-0215Japan The john Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany Technische Universitat Dresden 01069 DresdenGermany Interdiscipllinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University6-1Kasuga-KoenKasugaFukuoka 816-8580Japan

Laser-driven ion sources are a rapidly developing technology producing high energy,high peak current *** suitability for applications,such as compact medical accelerators,motivates development of robust acceleration schemes using widely available repetitive ultraintense femtosecond *** applications not only require high beam energy,but also place demanding requirements on the source stability and *** can be seriously affected by the laser temporal contrast,precluding the replication of ion acceleration performance on independent laser systems with otherwise similar ***,we present the experimental generation of>60 MeV protons and>30 MeV u-1 carbon ions from sub-micrometre thickness Formvar foils irradiated with laser intensities>1021 *** are accelerated by an extreme localised space charge field≥30TVm-1,over a million times higher than used in conventional *** field is formed by a rapid expulsion of electrons from the target bulk due to relativistically induced transparency,in which relativistic corrections to the refractive index enables laser transmission through normally opaque *** replicate the mechanism on two different laser facilities and show that the optimum target thickness decreases with improved laser contrast due to reduced *** demonstration that energetic ions can be accelerated by this mechanism at different contrast levels relaxes laser requirements and indicates interaction parameters for realising application-specific beam delivery.

关键词： acceleration intense transparency

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SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL AND SOFTWOOD kraft PULP:ADAPTED OPERATING CONDITIONS

SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL AND SOFTWOOD KRAFT PULP:A...

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第十六届木材、纤维及制浆化学国际会议

作者： Christine Chirat Lucie Boiron Frédéric Pouyet Dominique Lachenal john Lloud Ian Suckling LGP2-Grenoble INP-PAGORA 461 rue de la Papeterie-BP 6538402 Saint-Martin d'Heres Cedex-France Scion Te Papa Tipu Innovation ParkPrivate bag 3020RotoruaNew Zealand

Two types of softwood chips were submitted to autohydrolysis and acid hydrolysis to study their behaviour during cooking,oxygen delignification and bleaching. Prehydrolysed wood chips were easier to cook,which means that reduced H factor and/or effective alkali can be used during the kraft *** expected,the global yield was lower for the prehydrolysed chips,partly because the residual hemicelluloses are very sensitive to the cooking. The pulps produced from the prehydrolysed chips were more efficiently delignified during oxygen delignification. Furthermore,their bleaching ability was also much better than the control kraft *** way to improve the overall yield would be to stop the cook of the prehydrolysed pulps at a higher kappa number(between 40 and 50) and then apply an extensive oxygen delignification stage.

关键词： Biorefinery kraft mill softwood hemicellulose extraction bioethanol cooking ability bleaching ability

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