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Immunotherapy of gastric cancer:Present status and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第8期30卷 779-793页

作者： john k Triantafillidis manousos m konstadoulakis Apostolos E Papalois Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit “Metropolitan General”HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece.Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece Second Department of Surgery University of Athens School of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528AtticaGreece Unit of Surgical Research and Training Second Department of SurgeryUniversity of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528AtticaGreece

In this editorial,we comment on the article entitled“Advances and key focus areas in gastric cancer immunotherapy:A comprehensive scientometric and clinical trial review(1999-2023),”which was published in the recent issue of the World Journal of *** focused on the results of the authors’bibliometric analysis concerning gastric cancer immunotherapy,which they analyzed in depth by compiling the relevant publications of the last 20 *** that,we briefly describe the most recent data concerning the epidemiological parameters of gastric cancer(GC)in different countries,attempting to give an interpretation based on the etiological factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of the *** then briefly discuss the conservative treatment(chemotherapy)of the various forms of this malignant *** describe the treatment of resectable tumors,locally advanced neoplasms,and unresectable(advanced)*** attention is given to modern therapeutic approaches with emphasis on immunotherapy,which seems to be the future of GC treatment,especially in combination with *** is also a thorough analysis of the results of the study under review in terms of the number of scientific publications,the countries in which the studies were conducted,the authors,and the scientific centers of origin,as well as the clinical studies in ***,an attempt is made to draw some conclusions and to point out possible future directions.

关键词： Gastric cancer Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors Bibliometrics Scientometrics

Hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and in patients with fatal COVID-19

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3705-3716页

作者： Angus k Jacobs Steven D morley kay Samuel katie morgan Lyndsey Boswell Timothy J kendall David A Dorward Jonathan A Fallowfield Peter C Hayes john N Plevris Hepatology Laboratory University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Jack Copland CentreEdinburgh EH144BEUnited Kingdom Institute for Regeneration and Repair University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164UUUnited Kingdom Edinburgh Pathology University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom

BACkGROUND metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(mASLD),characterised by hepatic lipid accumulation,causes inflammation and oxidative stress accompanied by cell damage and *** injury(LI)is also frequently reported in patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),while preexisting mASLD increases the risk of LI and the development of COVID-19-associated *** of injury at the cellular level remain unclear,but it may be significant that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)which causes COVID-19,uses angiotensin-converting expression enzyme 2(ACE2),a key regulator of the‘anti-inflammatory’arm of the renin-angiotensin system,for viral attachment and host cell *** To determine if hepatic ACE2 levels are altered during progression of mASLD and in patients who died with severe *** ACE2 protein levels and localisation,and histological fibrosis and lipid droplet accumulation as markers of mASLD were determined in formalin-fixed liver tissue sections across the mASLD pathological spectrum(isolated hepatocellular steatosis,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(mASH)+/-fibrosis,end-stage cirrhosis)and in post-mortem tissues from patients who had died with severe COVID-19,using ACE2 immunohistochemistry and haematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red staining of total collagen and lipid droplet areas,followed by quantification using machine learning-based image pixel *** ACE2 staining is primarily intracellular and concentrated in the cytoplasm of centrilobular hepatocytes and apical membranes of bile duct ***,ACE2 protein levels are elevated in non-fibrotic mASH compared to healthy controls but not in the progression to mASH with fibrosis and in ***2 protein levels and histological fibrosis are not associated,but ACE2 and liver lipid droplet content are significantly correlated across the mASLD *** A

关键词： metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Immunohistochemistry COVID-19 COVID-19-associated cholangiopathy

Combination treatment of inflammatory bowel disease:Present status and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第15期30卷 2068-2080页

作者： john k Triantafillidis Constantinos G Zografos manousos m konstadoulakis Apostolos E Papalois Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit "Metropolitan General"HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology 354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece The 2^(nd)Department of Surgery University of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece Unit of Surgical Research and Training The 2^(nd)Department of SurgeryUniversity of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece

The treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),especially those with severe or refractory disease,represents an important challenge for the clinical *** seems to be no exaggeration to say that in these patients,not only the scientific background of the gastroenterologist is tested,but also the abundance of“gifts”that he should possess(insight,intuition,determ-ination,ability to take initiative,etc.)for the successful outcome of the *** daily clinical practice,depending on the severity of the attack,IBD is treated with one or a combination of two or more pharmaceutical *** combin-ations include not only the first-line drugs(e.g.,mesalazine,corticosteroids,antibiotics,etc)but also second-and third-line drugs(immunosuppressants and biologic agents).It is a fact that despite the significant therapeutic advances there is still a significant percentage of patients who do not satisfactorily respond to the treatment ***,a part of these patients are going to *** recent years,several small-size clinical studies,reviews,and case reports have been published combining not only biological agents with other drugs(e.g.,immunosuppressants or corticosteroids)but also the combination of two biologi-cal agents simultaneously,especially in severe *** our opinion,it is at least a strange(and largely unexplained)fact that we often use combinations of drugs in a given patient although studies comparing the simultaneous administration of two or more drugs with monotherapy are very *** mentioned above,there is a timid tendency in the literature to combine two biological agents in severe cases unresponsive to the applied treatment or patients with severe extraintestinal *** appropriate dosage,the duration of the administration,the suitable timing for checking the clinical and laboratory outcome,as well as the treatment side-effects,should be the subject of intense clinical research *** this

关键词： Biologics for immune-mediated conditions Dual-targeted treatment Combination treatment Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s

Early-onset gastrointestinal cancer:An epidemiological reality with great significance and implications

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 583-597页

作者： john k Triantafillidis konstantinos Georgiou manousos m konstadoulakis Apostolos E Papalois Department of IBD and GI Endoscopy Metropolitan General HospitalHolargos 15562AthensGreece.Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece 2nd Department of Surgery University of Athens School of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece

During the last few years,epidemiological data from many countries suggest that the incidence and prevalence of many cancers of the digestive system are shifting from the older to the younger ages,the so-called“early-onset cancer”.This is particularly evident in colorectal cancer and secondarily in other malignant digestive neoplasms,mainly stomach and in a lesser degree pancreas,and biliary *** should be emphasized that data concerning digestive neoplasms,except for those referring to the colon and stomach,could be characterized as rather *** exact magnitude of the shift in younger ages is expected to become clearer shortly,as long as relevant epidemiological data from many parts of the world would be *** most important question concerns the etiology of this phenomenon,since its magnitude cannot be explained solely by the better diagnostic methodology and the preventive programs applied in many *** existing data support the assumption that a number of environ-mental factors may play a primary role in influencing carcinogenesis,sometimes from *** that have appeared in the last decades related mainly to eating habits,consistency of gut microbiome and an increase of obese people interacting with genetic factors,ultimately favor the process of *** these factors however,are not entirely sufficient to explain the age-related changes in the frequency of digestive *** of the individual effect of each of the already known factors or factors likely to be involved in the etiology of this phenomenon and studies using state-of-the-art technologies to accurately determine the degree of the population exposure to these factors are *** this article,we attempt to describe the epidemiological data supporting the age-shifting of digestive malignancies and their possible ***,we propose some measures regarding the attitude of the scientific community to this alarming phenomenon.

关键词： Gastrointestinal cancer Endoscopy Epidemiology Early-onset Environment

A multi-Channel CmOS Analog Front-End Interface IC with 157.8 d B Current Detection Dynamic Range

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第2期33卷 393-402页

作者： kunyu WANG Wenjing XU Chengbin ZHANG Yanjun YANG man-kay LAW Li ZHOU Jie CHEN ming CHEN Institute of microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Zunyi Normal University Institute of microelectronics and Dept.of ECE FST University of Macau

A high dynamic range and low-noise CmOS(complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor)front-end interface integrated circuit(IC) with multi-channel detection is presented in this paper. Two different current detection channels, composed of a trans-impedance amplifier(TIA) and an integrator-differentiator TIA, are used to boost the current detection range. A capacitance-coupled instrument amplifier(CCIA) is also included to realize high precision voltage detection. A fourth-order sigma-delta modulator using a second-order loop filter and a second-order noise shaping integral quantizer is adopted to realize effective number of bits above 16 bits. The presented interface IC is implemented in 0.18-μm CmOS process with supply voltage of 3.3 V, and a proto-type electrochemical sensor platform with miniaturized sensor array is developed to verify the functionality of the interface IC. measurement results indicate that the designed interface IC achieves 157.8 d B current detection dynamic range, and the measured input-referred current noise and voltage noise floor are 1.04 p A and 58.4 n V within 10 k Hz integration bandwidths,respectively.

关键词： Integrated circuits Sigma-delta modulation Semiconductor device measurement Voltage measurement Current measurement Noise Bandwidth

Associations between health-related fitness and patient-reported symptoms in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 851-862页

作者： ki-Yong An Fernanda Z.Arthuso myriam Filion Spencer J.Allen Stephanie m.Ntoukas Gordon J.Bell Jessica mcNeil Qinggang Wang margaret L.mcNeely Jeff k.Vallance Lin Yang S.Nicole Culos-Reed Leanne Dickau john R.mackey Christine m.Friedenreich kerry S.Courneya Faculty of kinesiology Sportand RecreationCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada Department of kinesiology School of Health and Human SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNC 27412USA Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Cancer Care AlbertaAlberta Health ServicesCalgary T2S 3C3Canada Faculty of Rehabilitation medicine University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada Faculty of Health Disciplines Athabasca UniversityAthabasca T9S 3A3Canada Department of Oncology Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 4N1Canada Faculty of kinesiology University of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada Faculty of medicine and Dentistry University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada

Background:Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients experience symptoms that may affect their quality of life,treatment outcomes,and *** and managing breast cancer-related symptoms soon after diagnosis is *** purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between health-related fitness(HRF)and patient-reported symptoms in newly diagnosed breast cancer ***:This study utilized baseline data from the Alberta moving Beyond Breast Cancer Cohort Study that were collected within 90 days of *** measures included peak cardiopulmonary fitness(peak volume of oxygen consumption(VO_(2peak))),maximal muscular strength and endurance,flexibility,and body *** measures included depression,sleep quality,and *** multivariable logistic regression was performed for ***:Of 1458 participants,51.5%reported poor sleep quality,26.5%reported significant fatigue,and 10.4%reported moderate *** multivariable-adjusted models,lower relative VO_(2peak)was independently associated with a greater likelihood of all symptom measures,including moderate depression(pmptom(pmultiple symptoms(pk)demonstrated threshold associations with all symptom measures such that all 3 lower quartiles exhibited similar elevated risk compared to the highest *** strength of the threshold associations varied by the symptom measure with odds ratios ranging from-1.5 for poor sleep quality to-3.0 for moderate depression and multiple ***,lower relative upper body muscular endurance was also independently associated with fatigue in a dose-response manner(p=0.001),and higher body weight was independently associated with poor sleep quality in an inverted U pattern(p=0.021).Conclusion:Relative VO_(2peak)appears to be a critical HRF component associated with multiple patient-reported symptoms in newly diag

关键词： Breast cancer Fatigue Depression Sleep quality Cardiorespiratory fitness

Geochemistry and mineralogy of beach sediments in the northern Gulf of mexico,Tamaulipas state,mexico:implication for provenance

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 375-400页

作者： mayank Shukla Sanjeet k.Verma mayla A.Ramos-Vázquez john S.Armstrong-Altrin karla R.Hernández-martínez Sumit mishra Vivek P.malviya Héctor Hernández-mendoza Posgrado de la Division de Geociencias Aplicadas Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Científica y Tecnologica(IPICYT)Camino a la Presa San José2055San Luis Potosí78216Mexico Division de Geociencias Aplicadas Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnologica(IPICYT)Camino a la Presa San Jose 2055San Luis Potosí78216Mexico Universidad Nacional Autonoma de méxico Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y LimnologíaUnidad de ProcesosOceanicos y CosterosCiudad UniversitariaCiudad de México 04510Mexico Department of marine Sciences Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli620024Tamil NaduIndia Instituto de Geociencias Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MéxicoBoulevard Juriquilla 300176230JuriquillaQueretaroMexico Department of Applied Geology Dr.Harisingh Gour Central UniversitySagar470002Madhya PradeshIndia Instituto de Investigacion de Zonas Desérticas Universidad Autònoma de San Luis PotosíAltair 200CP 78377San LuisS.L.P.Mexico Universidad del Centro de mexico Capitán Caldera 75CP 78250San LuisS.L.P.Mexico

Geochemical and mineralogical studies were performed in the La Pesca(LP)and Tesoro Altamira(TA)beach sediments,located in the Tamaulipas state,northern Gulf of *** main aim of this study is to infer the weathering history and provenance and to discriminate the tectonic environment of the beach *** sediments are composed of quartz with small amounts of accessory minerals such as plagioclase,calcite,orthoclase,microcline,and *** beach sediments are classified as fine-grained and very well sorted,however LP has coarse skewed and leptokurtic sediments,whereas TA has fine-skewed and very leptokurtic *** chemical index of weathering(CIW’)indicates intense weathering in the source *** quartz grain microtextures in the LP and TA are classified into mechanical,chemical,and mechanical/chemical *** features such as fractures,pits,percussion marks,abrasion fatigue,and V-shaped marks favor high-energy littoral,fluvial,subaqueous-marine,and aeolian *** chemical features indicate solution pits and crystalline overgrowth,which suggests a silica saturated marine *** mechanical/chemical features display adhering particles and elongated depressions suggest formation in a sub-aqueous nearshore marine *** and trace elements-based provenance discrimination diagrams indicate a felsic source derived from the mesa Central(mC),Sierra madre Oriental(SmOr)and Oaxaquia *** major and trace element concentrations imply a passive margin setting for the northern Gulf of mexico,which is consistent with the general geology.

关键词： Beach sediments Geochemistry mineralogy Provenance Tamaulipas Tectonic setting

Development,validation,and transportability of several machine-learned,non-exercise-based VO_(2max)prediction models for older adults

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 611-620页

作者： Benjamin T.Schumacher michael J.Lamonte Andrea Z.LaCroix Eleanor m.Simonsick Steven P.Hooker Humberto Parada Jr. john Bellettiere Arun kumar Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14214USA Translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMD 21225USA College of Health and Human Services San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA University of California San Diego moores Cancer Center La JollaCA 92093USA Computer Science and Engineering and Halicioglu Data Science Institute University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Background:There exist few maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max))non-exercise-based prediction equations,fewer using machine learning(mL),and none specifically for older *** direct measurement of VO_(2max)is infeasible in large epidemiologic cohort studies,we sought to develop,validate,compare,and assess the transportability of several mL VO_(2max)prediction ***:The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging(BLSA)participants with valid VO2_(max)tests were included(n=1080).Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting,random forest,and support vector machine(SVm)algorithms were trained to predict VO_(2max)*** developed these algorithms for:(a)the overall BLSA,(b)by sex,(c)using all BLSA variables,and(d)variables common in aging ***,we quantified the associations between measured and predicted VO_(2max)and ***:The age was 69.0±10.4 years(mean±SD)and the measured VO_(2max)was 21.6±5.9 mL/kg/*** absolute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting,random forest,and support vector machine yielded root mean squared errors of 3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,and 3.5 mL/kg/min,*** quartiles of measured VO_(2max)showed an inverse gradient in mortality *** VO_(2max)variables yielded similar effect estimates but were not robust to ***:measured VO_(2max)is a strong predictor of *** mL can improve the accuracy of prediction as compared to simpler approaches but estimates of association with mortality remain sensitive to *** studies should seek to reproduce these results so that VO_(2max),an important vital sign,can be more broadly studied as a modifiable target for promoting functional resiliency and healthy aging.

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Prediction algorithms Epidemiology mortality

Exercise training improves long-term memory in obese mice

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Life metabolism 2024年第1期3卷 37-50页

作者： Oliver k.Fuller Casey L.Egan Tina L.Robinson Nimna Perera Heidy k.Latchman Lauren V.Terry Emma D.mcLennan Carolina Chavez Emma L.Burrows john W.Scott Robyn m.murphy Henriette van Praag martin Whitham mark A.Febbraio monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3052Australia La Trobe Institute for molecular Science La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and mental Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3052Australia Department of Biomedical Sciences Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicineand Stiles-Nicholson Brain InstituteFlorida Atlantic UniversityJupiterFL 33458United States College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

Obesity has been linked to a range of pathologies,including *** contrast,regular physical activity is associated with the prevention or reduced progression of ***,physical activity can improve memory and spatial cognition,reduce age-related cognitive decline,and preserve brain volume,but the mechanisms are not fully ***,we investigated whether any detrimental effects of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obesity on cognition,motor behavior,adult hippocampal neurogenesis,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)could be mitigated by voluntary exercise training in male C57Bl/6 ***-induced impairment of motor function was not reversed by ***,voluntary wheel running improved long-term memory and increased hippocampal neurogenesis,suggesting that regular physical activity may prevent cognitive decline in obesity.

关键词： obesity exercise cognition