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Critical size limit of biodegradable nanopartides for enhanced lymph node traffick.ng and paracortex penetration

Nano Research 2019年第4期12卷 837-844页

作者： Gregory P. Howard Garima Verma Xiyu k. Winter M. Thayer Timothy Hamerly Victoria k. Baxter john E. Lee Rhoel R. Dinglasan Hai-Quan Mao Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21218 USA Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 2121 & USA W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology and the Malaria Research Institute Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD 21205 USA Emerging Pathogens Institute Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Whiting School of Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA johns Hopk.ns School of Nursing Baltimore MD 21205 USA Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21205 USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231 USA

Lymph node (LN) targeti ng through interstitial drain age of nan oparticles (NPs) is an attractive strategy to stimulate a pote nt immune respo nse, as LNs are the primary site for lymphocyte priming by antigen presenting cells (APCs) and triggering of an adaptive immune response. NP size has been shown to influence the efficiency of LN-targeting and retention after subcutaneous injection. For clinical translation, biodegradable NPs are preferred as carrier for vaccine delivery. However, the selective "size gateM for effective LN-drainage, particularly the k.netics of LN traffick.ng, is less well defined. This is partly due to the challenge in generating size-controlled NPs from biodegradable polymers in the sub-100-nm range. Here, we report the preparation of three sets of poly(lactic-co-glycolic)-b-poly(ethylene-glycol)(PLGA-b-PEG) NPs with number average diameters of 20-, 40-, and 100-nm and narrow size distributions using flash nanoprecipitation. Using NPs labeled with a near-infrared dye, we showed that 20-nm NPs drain rapidly across proximal and distal LNs following subcutaneous inoculation in mice and are retai ned in LNs more effectively than NPs with a nu mber average diameter of 40-nm. The drain age of 100-nm NPs was n egligible. Furthermore, the 20-nm NPs showed the highest degree of penetration around the paracortex region and had enhanced access to dendritic cells in the LNs. Together, these data confirmed that small, size-controlled PLGA-b-PEG NPs at the lower threshold of about 30-nm are most effective for LN traffick.ng, retention, and APC uptak. after s.c. administration. This report could inform the design of LN-targeted NP carrier for the delivery of therapeutic or prophylactic vaccines.

关键词： biodegradable nano particle lymph node traffick.ng vaccine delivery nanoparticle size an tigen presenting cells in vivo imaging

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Effect of Spices on Consumer Acceptability of Purple Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>)

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第8期6卷 703-711页

作者： Simon O. Ochanda john k. Wanyok. Henrik.k. Ruto k.nya Agricultural and Livestock.Research Organization Tea Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

Spices have been used by consumers worldwide to improve flavours of food including tea. A study was done to determine the effect of selected spices on consumer acceptability of spiced purple tea, their antioxidant properties and economic impact. TRFk.306 (purple tea Variety) was used. Flavored teas were developed by blending the un-aerated purple tea with selected spices including ginger, lemon grass, nutmeg, cinnamon, tea masala (spice mix), and rosemary at different ratios and resulting products brewed and assessed by a sensory panel. Antioxidant activity, catechin analysis and sensory evaluation were done and results showed that all the spices had low antioxidant activities as compared to un-aerated tea from TRFk.306. Cinnamon had an antioxidant capacity of 89.89%, ginger 69.23%, rosemary 89.47%, tea masala 55.79%, nutmeg 46.99% and Purple tea (TRFk.306) 92.53%. Spices had a positive effect on consumer acceptability of purple tea at various threshold ranges. The three best rated spices included cinnamon at 10%, lemongrass at 10% and nutmeg at 25% with mean values of 6.88, 6.24 and 6.92 respectively on a hedonic scale. The results showed that some spices are preferred more with tea than others and some have lower threshold detection values than others. Overall, addition of suitable spices to the purple tea led to an increase acceptability of tea. Economic evaluation of purple tea blended with nutmeg showed a significant increase in cost, from k.h 56.00, k.h 58.07 and k.h 61.17 for 0%, 10% and 25% spice to tea ratio respectively.

关键词： Spices Purple Tea Sensory Evaluation Antioxidant Capacity Pricing

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A novel mathematical template for developing fDOM probe fluorescence signal correction models for freshwaters

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第12期146卷 103-117页

作者： Hiua Daraei Edoardo Bertone john Awad Rodney A.Stewart Christopher W.k.Chow Jinming Duan Amanda Mussared john Van Leeuwen Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management(SIRM) UniSA STEMUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Griffith School of Engineering and Built Environment Griffith UniversityQueensland 4222Australia Cities Research Institute Griffith UniversityParklands DriveSouthportQueensland 4222Australia CSIRO Environment AdelaideSA 5000Australia Australian Water Quality Centre SA Water250 Victoria SquareAdelaideSA 5000Australia Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University170 Kessels RoadNathanQueensland 4111Australia Environmental Health Research Centre Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandajKurdistanIran

The reliable application of field deployable fluorescent dissolved organic matter(fDOM)probes is hindered by several influencing factors which need to be *** manuscript describes the corrections of temperature,pH,turbidity and inner filter effect on fluorescence signal of a commercial fDOM probe(fDOMs).For this,Australian waters with wide ranging qualities were selected,*** organic carbon(DOC)ranging from∼1 to∼30 mg/L,specific UV absorbance at 254 nm from∼1 to∼6 L/m/mg and turbidity from∼1 to∼350 ***-based model calibration experiments(MCEs)were performed.A model template was developed and used for the development of the correction *** each factor,data generated through MCEs were used to determine model coefficient(α)values by fitting the generated model to the experimental *** discrete factor models were generated by determination of a factor-specificα***αvalues derived for each water of the MCEs subset were consistent for each factor *** indicated generic nature of the fourαvalues across wide-ranging water *** correlation between fDOMs and DOC were achieved after applying the four-factor compensation models to new data(r,0.96,p<0.05).Also,average biases(and%)between DOC predicted through fDOMs and actual DOC were decreased by applying the four-factor compensationmodel(from3.54(60.9%)to 1.28(16.7%)mg/L DOC).These correction models were incorporated into a Mi-crosoft EXCEL-based software termed EXOf-Correct for ready-to-use applications.

关键词： Surface waters Online monitoring fDOM probes Fluorescence signal Model-based corrections

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Cluster Search Algorithm for Finding Multiple Optima

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Applied Mathematics 2016年第7期7卷 736-752页

作者： john Guenther Herbert k. H. Lee Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics University of California Santa Cruz CA USA

The black.box functions found in computer experiments often result in multimodal optimization programs. Optimization that focuses on a single best optimum may not achieve the goal of getting the best answer for the purposes of the experiment. This paper builds upon an algorithm introduced in [1] that is successful for finding multiple optima within the input space of the objective function. Here we introduce an alternative cluster search algorithm for finding these optima, mak.ng use of clustering. The cluster search algorithm has several advantages over the earlier algorithm. It gives a forward view of the optima that are present in the input space so the user has a preview of what to expect as the optimization process continues. It employs pattern search, in many instances, closer to the minimum’s location in input space, saving on simulator point computations. At termination, this algorithm does not need additional verification that a minimum is a duplicate of a previously found minimum, which also saves on simulator point computations. Finally, it finds minima that can be “hidden” by close larger minima.

关键词： Bayesian Statistics Treed Gaussian Process Emulator DBSCAN Optimization

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Differential optical gain in a GaInN/AlGaN quantum dot

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Journal of Semiconductors 2017年第6期38卷 1-7页

作者： k.Jaya Bala A.john Peter Department of Physics GTN Arts College Dindigul-624 005 India PG & Research Department of Physics Government Arts College Melur-625 106 Madurai India

Electronic and optical properties are obtained with the increase in indium alloy content（x）in a Ga1-xInxN/Al0.2Ga0.8N quantum *** barrier height with the different In alloy contents is applied to acquire the confinement *** results are obtained tak.ng into consideration geometrical confinement *** optical absorption coefficient with the photon energy is observed in a Ga（1-x）InxN/Al0.2Ga0.8N quantum *** optical output with the injection current density and the threshold optical pump intensity for various In alloy contents are *** differential gain as functions of indium alloy content,charge density and the dot radii in the Ga1-xInxN/Al0.2Ga0.8N quantum dot are *** exciton binding energy is calculated in order to obtain the exciton density,the optical gain and the threshold current density in the Ga1-xInxN/Al0.2Ga0.8N quantum *** results show that the red shift energy with an increase in In alloy content is found and the differential gain increases with the charge carrier density.

关键词： semiconductors quantum dots nitrides optical materials

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Immunotherapy of gastric cancer:Present status and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第8期30卷 779-793页

作者： john k.Triantafillidis Manousos M k.nstadoulak.s Apostolos E Papalois Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit “Metropolitan General”HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece.Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece Second Department of Surgery University of Athens School of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528AtticaGreece Unit of Surgical Research and Training Second Department of SurgeryUniversity of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528AtticaGreece

In this editorial,we comment on the article entitled“Advances and k.y focus areas in gastric cancer immunotherapy:A comprehensive scientometric and clinical trial review(1999-2023),”which was published in the recent issue of the World Journal of *** focused on the results of the authors’bibliometric analysis concerning gastric cancer immunotherapy,which they analyzed in depth by compiling the relevant publications of the last 20 *** that,we briefly describe the most recent data concerning the epidemiological parameters of gastric cancer(GC)in different countries,attempting to give an interpretation based on the etiological factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of the *** then briefly discuss the conservative treatment(chemotherapy)of the various forms of this malignant *** describe the treatment of resectable tumors,locally advanced neoplasms,and unresectable(advanced)*** attention is given to modern therapeutic approaches with emphasis on immunotherapy,which seems to be the future of GC treatment,especially in combination with *** is also a thorough analysis of the results of the study under review in terms of the number of scientific publications,the countries in which the studies were conducted,the authors,and the scientific centers of origin,as well as the clinical studies in ***,an attempt is made to draw some conclusions and to point out possible future directions.

关键词： Gastric cancer Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Immune check.oint inhibitors Bibliometrics Scientometrics

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Annealing Response of Cold-Rolled Vanadium Microalloyed Sheet Steels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 404-411页

作者： john G Speer David k.Matlock.Robert J Glodowsk. A dvanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center Colorado School of MinesGoldenColorado USA East Metals (North America) LLCPittsburghPAUSA

Vanadium microalloying is widely employed in hot-rolled HSLA products;because of its relatively high solubility in austenite,vanadium plays a special role in thin-slab cast hot-rolled products where reheating is limited prior to *** cold-rolled and annealed sheet steels,vanadium technology has been employed in bak.-hardenable drawing-quality steels,and in HSLA *** studies have investigated the continuous and batch annealing response of vanadium-containing cold-rolled HSLA steels,with an emphasis on aluminum and nitrogen variations (because of the special importance of nitrogen in vanadium microallyed steels,and interesting interactions between vanadium,aluminum and nitrogen).The present contribution reviews some k.y aspects of vanadium-microalloyed coldrolled sheet steels,and highlights the results of selected studies showing the influence of steel composition and processing.

关键词： Microalloying vanadium,bak.-hardening cold rolled sheet steel

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Enhancing the Resilience of Electricity Systems

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Engineering 2017年第5期3卷 580-582页

作者： Ben A. Wender M. Granger Morgan k. john Holmes Board on Energy and Environmental Systems Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences The National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine Washington DC20001 USA Department of Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

1.引言经过超级飓风桑迪和飓风哈维、厄玛、何塞、玛利亚、卡特里娜等重大干扰事件的影响,以及2003年美国东北部的大停电事件,美国对具备恢复力的电力系统的需求越加凸显,也更加意识到电力基础设施对恶意物理和网络攻击的脆弱性。尽管... 详细信息

1.引言经过超级飓风桑迪和飓风哈维、厄玛、何塞、玛利亚、卡特里娜等重大干扰事件的影响,以及2003年美国东北部的大停电事件,美国对具备恢复力的电力系统的需求越加凸显,也更加意识到电力基础设施对恶意物理和网络攻击的脆弱性。尽管事后新闻媒体立即对事件进行了大量的报道。

关键词：恢复力 resilience 电力系统停电事件电力基础设施网络攻击 electricity 干扰事件卡特里娜美国东北部

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Structural characterization and mass spectrometry fragmentation signatures of macrocyclic alk.nes isolated from a Sydney Basin torbanite,Australia

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Acta Geochimica 2023年第3期42卷 488-494页

作者： Xianxin Meng Hong Lu Zhirong Zhang Ping’an Peng john k.Volk.an State k.y Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry and Institutions of Earth ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science Guangzhou 510640China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Wuxi Institute of Petroleum Geology PEPRISSINOPEC2060 Lihu Rd.Wuxi 214126JiangsuChina k.y Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources and Exploration Technology Ministry of EducationCollege of Resources and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China

Individual hydrocarbons identified to be macrocyclic alk.nes in a torbanite from the Sydney Basin(Australia)were successfully isolated from its extracts using preparative gas chromatography and analyzed by *** cyclic structures were confirmed by single peak. in the NMR~1H and~(13)C spectra indicating single forms of H and C atoms exist in these biomark.r *** is consistent with the methylene unit in a ring system assignment of the macrocyclic alk.nes and accounts for a formula of(CH2)*** unusual molecular structures of these compounds are consistent with those that were identified from previous GC retention index data and co-injection with a standard supports the previous *** mass spectral fragmentation behaviors of representative cyclic alk.nes were further investigated by comparing them with the mass spectra of isolated individual macrocyclic *** characteristic fragment ions in the macrocyclic alk.nes of(M–28)+and base peak. of m/z 97,111,125,etc.,can be assigned as being generated by simple a-/i-cleavage and hydrogen *** fragmentation pathways combined with retention indices should assist in differentiating these compounds from monounsaturated alk.nes and alk.lated monocyclics having similar mass spectral characteristics in other geological samples.

关键词： Macrocyclic alk.nes Torbanite NMR Preparative GC MS fragmentation

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Pattern of disease recurrence and its implications for postoperative surveillance after curative hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: experience from a single center

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2018年第5期7卷 320-330页

作者： k.t-Fai Lee Charing C. N. Chong Anthony k. W. Fong Andrew k. Y. Fung Hon-Ting Lok.Yue-Sun Cheung john Wong Paul B. S. Lai Department of Surgery Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Prince of Wales Hospital the Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Back.round: Hepatectomy is a widely accepted curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the disease frequently recurs after a curative hepatectomy. The objective of this study is to provide a better understanding of the pattern of disease recurrence and the risk.factors involved so as to improve the postoperative surveillance. Methods: A retrospective study for all patients receiving hepatectomy for HCC between 2003 and 2014 was performed. Emphasis was made on the timing and pattern of recurrent disease, and type of treatment given. Results: There were 506 patients in the study. Median follow-up was 43.7 months. The 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-year overall and disease free survival were 89.5%, 74.1%, 63.9%, 49.0% and 69.5%, 54.3%, 43.4%, 30.9%respectively. Recurrent disease occurred in 267 patients, 47.2% occurred within 9 months of hepatectomy and 80.1% recurred only in liver. Median survival was shorter for recurrence occurring within 9 months compared with those occurring between 10 months and 2 years postoperatively (36.2 vs. 65.7 months, P3.5 cm and history of rupture were risk.factors for recurrence within 9 months. Conclusions: These findings suggest that recurrent diseases are common after curative hepatectomy for HCC and most recurrences occur in the remnant liver. Since almost half of recurrences occurred within first 9 months after hepatectomy, a more stringent postoperative surveillance with target imaging of liver in this period is needed. Early diagnosis of recurrent disease and curative retreatment hopefully can bring about a longer survival.

关键词： Hepatectomy hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence

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