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Helicobacterpylori virulence factors in duodenal ulceration:A primary cause or a secondary infection causing chronicity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第1期12卷 6-9页

作者： FrankI Tovey Michael Hobsley john holton Department of Surgery University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Microbiology University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom

Reports from countries with a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori （H pylori） infection do not show a proportionately high prevalence of duodenal ulceration, suggesting the possibility that H pylori cannot be a primary cause of duodenal ulceration. It has been mooted that this discrepancy might be explained by variations in the prevalence of virulence factors in different populations. The aim of this paper is to determine whether the published literature gives support to this possibility. The relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed separately for countries with a high and low prevalence of Hpylori infection and virulence factors. Although virulent strains of Hpylori were significantly more often present in patients with duodenal ulcer than without the disease in countries with a low prevalence of H pylori infection in the population, there was no difference in the prevalence of virulence factors between duodenal ulcer, nonulcer dyspepsia or normal subjects in many countries, where the prevalence of both Hpylori infection and of virulence factors was high. In these countries, the presence of virulence factors was not predictive the clinical outcome. To explain the association between virulence factors and duodenal ulcer in countries where H pylori prevalence is low, only two papers were found that give little support to the usual model proposed, namely that organisms with the virulence factors are more likely than those without them to initiate a duodenal ulcer. We offer an alternative hypothesis that suggests virulence factors are more likely to interfere with the healing of a previously produced ulcer. The presence of virulence factors only correlates with the prevalence of duodenal ulcer in countries where the prevalence of H pylori is low. There is very little evidence that virulence factors initiate duodenal ulceration, but they may be related to failure of the ulcer to heal.

关键词： Duodenal ulceration Helicobacter pylorivirulence factors

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Precise role of H pylori in duodenal ulceration

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第40期12卷 6413-6419页

作者： Michael Hobsley Frank I Tovey john holton Department of Surgery Royal Free and University College Medical School London United Kingdom Department of Microbiology Royal Free and University College Medical School London United Kingdom

The facts that H pylori infection is commoner in duodenal ulcer (DU) patients than in the normal population, and that eradication results in most cases being cured, have led to the belief that it causes DU. However, early cases of DU are less likely than established ones to be infected. H pylori-negative cases are usually ascribed to specific associated factors such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Crohn’s disease, and hypergastrinaemia, but even after excluding these, several H pylori-negative cases remain and are particularly common in areas of low prevalence of H pylori infection. Moreover, this incidence of H pylori negative DU is not associated with a fall in overall DU prevalence when compared with countries with a higher H pylori prevalence. In countries with a high H pylori prevalence there are regional differences in DU prevalence, but no evidence of an overall higher prevalence of DU than in countries with a low H pylori prevalence. There is no evidence that virulence factors are predictive of clinical outcome. After healing following eradication of H pylori infection DU can still recur. Medical or surgical measures to reduce acid output can lead to long-term healing despite persistence of H pylori infection. Up to half of cases of acute DU perforation are H pylori negative. These findings lead to the conclusion that H pylori infection does not itself cause DU, but leads to resistance to healing, i.e., chronicity. This conclusion is shown not to be incompatible with the universally high prevalence of DU compared with controls.

关键词： Duodenal ulceration H pylori infection Not causal Delays healing

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Elderly African Americans Insights on the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study of Risk Perception and Personal, Social, and Cultural Factors

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Health 2021年第4期13卷 354-368页

作者： Osei K. Darkwa john holton Jane Addams College of Social Work University of Illinois-Chicago Chicago IL USA

This exploratory study examined elderly African Americans attitudes on the COVID-19 pandemic by identifying their perceptions of risk based personal, social, and cultural factors. It seeks to understand their insights toward public health pandemic response initiatives and other efforts to mitigate COVID-19 outbreak response measures impacting elderly African Americans, including policies, interventions, and public information/communication. The effectiveness of pandemic response measures and community caregiving support for the elderly African Americans was examined as well. Respondents in this study were a convenient sample of 60 residents predominantly in a Midwestern metropolitan area. Respondents were eligible for study participation if 1) there were 60 years and over and, 2) African American or people of African descent. A mixed research method design comprising focus groups and online survey was used to collect the data for the study. The respondents characterized the impact of the coronavirus as a personal, family, and community loss (e.g., less socially engaged and burdensome). An overwhelming majority (98.3%) expressed no worries about getting health care if they or their family members needed it. A sizable number of respondents expressed the need for all to be tested to help prevent the spread of the virus.

关键词： COVID-19 Elderly African Americans Risk Perception Symptoms of the Coronavirus Attitude toward Testing Health Care Experience

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Bactericidal and anti-adhesive properties of culinary and medicinal plants against Helicobacter pylori

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第47期11卷 7499-7507页

作者： Rachel O'Mahony Huda Al-Khtheeri Deepaka Weerasekera Neluka Fernando Dino Vaira john holton Christelle Basset Centre for Infectious Diseases and International Health Royal Free and University College London Medical SchoolLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery University of Sri JayewardenapuraColomboSri Lanka Department of Microbiology University of Sri JayewardenapuraColomboSri Lanka Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology University of BolognaBolognaItaly INSERM 0114 Physiopathologie des Maladies Inflammatoires IntestinalesCHU LilleFrance

AIM： To investigate the bactericidal and anti-adhesive properties of 25 plants against Helicobacter pylori （H pylon）. METHODS： Twenty-five plants were boiled in water to produce aqueous extracts that simulate the effect of cooking. The bactericidal activity of the extracts was assessed by a standard kill-curve with seven strains of H pylori. The anti-adhesive property was assessed by the inhibition of binding of four strains of FITC-labeled Hpylori to stomach sections. RESULTS： Of all the plants tested, eight plants, including Bengal quince, nightshade, garlic, dill, black pepper, coriander, fenugreek and black tea, were found to have no bactericidal effect on any of the isolates. Columbo weed, long pepper, parsley, tarragon, nutmeg, yellow-berried nightshade, threadstem carpetweed, sage and cinnamon had bactericidal activities against Hpylori, but total inhibition of growth was not achieved in this study. Among the plants that killed H pylori, turmeric was the most efficient, followed by cumin, ginger, chilli, borage, black caraway, oregano and liquorice. Moreover, extracts of turmeric, borage and parsley were able to inhibit the adhesion of H pylori strains to the stomach sections. CONCLUSION： Several plants that were tested in our study had bactericidal and/or anti-adhesive effects on Hpylori. Ingestion of the plants with anti-adhesive properties could therefore provide a potent alternative therapy for H pylori infection, which overcomes the problem of resistance associated with current antibiotic treatment.

关键词： Hpylori Inhibition Adhesion Killing Plants

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扬克缸材质冶金学特性的重要性

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生活用纸 2016年第3期16卷 58-60页

作者： john holton

扬克缸是卫生纸机的核心部件，长期以来，扬克缸的振颤和表面变化是一个谜团，在检查过所有常规因素后，我们发现扬克缸在研磨和运行方面出现的问题极可能是由于铸铁外壳的基本冶金学特性造成。

关键词：冶金学特性材质核心部件卫生纸机表面变化

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Actual concept of "probiotics":Is it more functional to science or business?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第10期19卷 1527-1540页

作者： Michele Caselli Francesca Cassol Girolamo Calò john holton Giovanni Zuliani Antonio Gasbarrini School of Gastroenterology University of FerraraI-44121 FerraraItaly Department of Gastroenterology S Anna HospitalI-44121 FerraraItaly Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Section of PharmacologyUniversity of FerraraI-44121 FerraraItaly Department of Health and Social Science University of MiddlesexLondonNW4 4BTUnited Kingdom Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Internal MedicineGerontology and GeriatricsUniversity of FerraraI-44121 FerraraItaly Division of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Catholic University of RomeI-00168 RomeItaly

It is our contention that the concept of a probiotic as a living bacterium providing unspecified health benefits is inhibiting the development and establishment of an evidence base for the growing field of *** believe this is due in part to the current regulatory framework,lack of a clear definition of a probiotic,the ease with which currently defined probiotics can be positioned in the market place,and the enormous profits earned for minimum investment in *** avoid this,we believe the following two actions are mandatory:international guidelines by a forum of stakeholders made available to scientists and clinicians,patient organizations,and governments;public research funds made available to the scientific community for performing independent rigorous studies both at the preclinical and clinical levels.

关键词： Probiotics Market Regulations Guidelines Metanalysis

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扬克缸金属喷涂工艺的注意事项

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生活用纸 2011年第22期11卷 40-42页

作者： john C．holton 孙静（编译）美卓公司不详

2010年11月15—17日，美卓公司在上海举办了Tissue Making2010技术研讨会。会上，美卓公司扬克缸服务部执行总监john ***做了题为“扬克缸金属喷涂工艺的注意事项”的演讲，本刊将其编译整理后发表，供读者参考。

关键词：喷涂工艺金属技术研讨会整理

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Brand Building Is More than Advertising

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China's Foreign Trade 2011年第11期 54-54页

作者： john holton Figtree

Many Chinese organisations are beginning to realise the value of creating a global *** wage-price inflation increases and manufactures from other countries begin to compete with Chinese companies, managers see that th... 详细信息

关键词：品牌建设广告企业竞争制造商利润率中国工资经理

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平流层赤道准两年振荡对爆发性增温的影响

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气象科技 1993年第3期21卷 57-66页

作者： James R. holton john Austin 魏民美国华盛顿州华盛顿大学大气科学系

该文对一个平流层和中间层的全球原始方程模式进行积分,考虑100百帕高度上的行星波强迫作用,平均纬向气流的特征分别取在赤道准两年振荡(QBO)的西风位相和东风位相。在100百帕60°N处取1波最大振幅从100米到400米的各种不同强迫作用下... 详细信息

该文对一个平流层和中间层的全球原始方程模式进行积分,考虑100百帕高度上的行星波强迫作用,平均纬向气流的特征分别取在赤道准两年振荡(QBO)的西风位相和东风位相。在100百帕60°N处取1波最大振幅从100米到400米的各种不同强迫作用下进行积分,对比QBO东西风位相的响应情况。在振幅为100米的弱波情形,QBO的位相对结果影响很小,无增暖产生,但在振幅为400米的强波情形,对结果影响虽也很小,但却可产生强的爆发性增温;在中等振幅(特别是约为250米)的强迫情形,模拟的西风和东风QBO两种情况都可产生大振幅波动和平流层增温。然而在东风位相时,增暖发生较早,并且波的变率大。这些结果与观测定性分析是一致的。

关键词：平流层赤道准两年振荡增温

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美国革命中的阶级冲突(英文)

美国革命中的阶级冲突(英文)

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北京论坛（2011）文明的和谐与共同繁荣--传统与现代、变革与转型

作者： Woody holton University of Richmond

Both in the United States and in other parts of the world,most people view the American Revolutionary War(1775-1783) as a conflict pitting the American people against the British monarchy,and so it *** the American Revolution was also an internal conflict among *** of the American ruling class-men like George Washington,Thomas Jefferson,Benjamin Franklin,and john Adams-wished to do nothing more than sever America's relationship with Great *** other Americans-especially Native American Indians,African American slaves,small farmers(peasants),and women of all ranks-also demanded changes within the American social *** demands for internal reform were resisted by elite Americans like Washington and Jefferson,resulting in American-against-American conflicts that in many ways resembled the classic internal revolutions of the subsequent two centuries:in France,Russia,and *** conflict among Americans often powerfully influenced the so-called Founding Fathers(men like Jefferson and Washington).For instance,struggles among Americans contributed to three of the Founding Fathers' most important decisions:(1) to declare independence from Great Britain in 1776,(2) to adopt the United States Constitution in 1787,and(3) to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution in 1791.

关键词：阶级冲突

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