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Studying th. genetic basis of speciation in h.gh.gene flow marine invertebrates

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 643-653页

作者： grant h. POGSON Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA

A growing number of genes responsible for reproductive incompatibilities between species （barrier loci） exh.bit th. signals of positive selection. h.wever, th. possibility th.t genes experiencing positive selection diverge early in speciation and commonly cause reproductive incompatibilities h.s not been systematically investigated on a genome-wide scale. h.re, I outline a research.program for studying th. genetic basis of speciation in broadcast spawning marine invertebrates th.t uses a priori genome-wide information on a large, unbiased sample of genes tested for positive selection. A targeted sequence capture approach.is proposed th.t scores single-nucleotide polymorph.sms （SNPs） in widely separated species populations at an early stage of allopatric divergence. Th. targeted capture of both.coding and non-coding sequences enables SNPs to be ch.racterized at known locations across th. genome and at genes with.known selective or neutral h.stories. Th. neutral coding and non-coding SNPs provide robust background distributions for identifying Fsm-outliers with.n genes th.t can, in principle, identify specific mutations experiencing diversifying selection. If natural h.bridization occurs between species, th. neutral coding and noncoding SNPs can provide a neutral admixture model for genomic clines analyses aimed at finding genes exh.biting strong blocks to introgression. Strongylocentrotid sea urch.ns are used as a model system to outline th. approach.but it can be used for any group th.t h.s a complete reference genome available.

关键词： barrier loci Bobzh.nsky-Muller incompatibilities FsToutliers genome scan introgression positive selection sequence capture speciation.

Protein folding, protein h.meostasis,and cancer

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Ch.nese Journal of Cancer 2011年第2期30卷 124-137页

作者： john h. Van Drie Van Drie Research

Proteins fold into th.ir functional 3-dimensional structures from a linear amino acid sequence. In vitro th.s process is spontaneous; wh.le in vivo it is orch.strated by a specialized set of proteins, called ch.perones. Protein folding is an ongoing cellular process, as cellular proteins constantly undergo synth.sis and degradation. h.re emerging links between th.s process and cancer are reviewed. Th.s perspective both.yields insigh.s into th. current struggle to develop novel cancer ch.moth.rapeutics and h.s implications for future ch.moth.rapy discovery.

关键词：蛋白质折叠蛋白质平衡癌症化疗药物氨基酸序列三维结构蛋白合成细胞

Regrowth.Free Processing for GaAs and InP Ph.tonic Integrated Circuits

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 443-444页

作者： john h. Marsh Intense Ph.tonics Ltd 4 Stanley Boulevard High Blantyre G72 OBN Scotland UK

Tech.ologies are described for integrating multiple bandgaps and ph.tonic crystal structures monolith.cally in a semiconductor ch.p. Practical devices examples include h.gh.power 980 nm pumps, 2×2 crosspoint switch.s... 详细信息

关键词： for in In of mode Regrowth.Free Processing for GaAs and InP Ph.tonic Integrated Circuits h.ve h.gh been

Structural and mech.nistic understanding of an active and durable graph.ne carbocatalyst for reduction of 4-nitroph.nol at room temperature

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Nano Research 2015年第12期8卷 3992-4006页

作者： h.awen h. john h. Xin h.ng h. Xiaowen Wang Nanotech.ology Centre Institute of Textiles and Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR 999077 China

Th. development of an active, durable, and metal-free carbocatalyst th.t is able to replace metal-based catalysts is of increasing scientific and tech.ological importance. Th. use of such.a catalyst would avoid problems caused by metal- containing catalysts, for example, environmental pollution by h.avy metals and depletion of rare metal resources. h.rein, an active and durable graph.ne carbocatalyst is presented for th. carbocatalytic conversion of 4-nitroph.nol to 4-aminoph.nol at ambient temperature. Th. carbocatalyst was prepared via a mild, water-based reaction between L-ascorbic acid （AA） and graph.ne oxide （GO） and did not involve any oth.r reactants. During th. structure and catalytic property optimization, a series of carbocatalysts were fabricated at various reaction temperatures and AA/GO ratios. Using several ch.racterization tech.iques, detailed structural features of th.se carbocatalysts were identified. Possible active species and sites on th. carbocatalysts were also identified such.as certain oxygen-containing groups, th. ~x-conjugated system, and graph.ne sh.et edges. In addition, th. synergistic effect between th.se active species and sites on th. resulting catalytic activity is h.gh.igh.ed. Furth.rmore, we clarified th. origin of th. h.gh.stability and durability of th. optimized carbocatalyst. Th. work presented h.re aids th. design of h.gh.performance carbocatalysts for h.drogenation reactions, and increases understanding of th. structural and mech.nistic aspects at th. molecular level th.t lead to h.gh.catalyst activity and durability.

关键词： metal-free graph.ne carbocatalyst activity and durability L-ascorbic acid active sites and domains synergistic effect carbocatalytic conversion of 4-nitroph.nol (4NP) to 4-aminoph.nol (4AP)

Empirical models for predicting lateral spreading considering th. effect of regional seismicity

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Earth.uake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2012年第1期11卷 121-131页

作者： Zh.ng Jian Yang Ch.ngwei john X. Zh.o Graeme h. Mcgerry Department of Civil Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China GNS Science Lower Hutt New Zealand

A revised empirical model h.s been developed for predicting liquefaction-induced lateral spreading displacement （LD） as a function of both.response spectral acceleration derived from strong-motion attenuation models and geotech.ical parameters from Youd＇s LD data set （Youd website）. Th.s revised model is different from th. model of Zh.ng and Zh.o, wh.ch.overcame some drawbacks of earlier models for predicting lateral spreading and was primarily used in Japan and th. western U.S. Th. revised model can potentially be applied anywh.re if ground sh.king （in terms of 5% damped acceleration or displacement response spectra） can be estimated using local strong-motion attenuation relationsh.ps. Th. revised model is examined using data from Japan and th. western U.S. and applied to Turkey and New Zealand, wh.re th. ground sh.king is estimated using appropriate strong-motion attenuation relationsh.ps for each.region. Th. accuracy of th. revised model is evaluated by comparing its predicted lateral displacements with.th.se measured in actual earth.uakes. Th. results sh.w th.t th. revised model can account for th. effects of local seismicity on lateral spreading displacements and is comparable with.existing prediction models.

关键词： lateral spreading liquefaction strong-motion attenuation

Disturbance cues in fresh.ater prey fish.s： Does urea function as an ＇early warning cue＇ in juvenile convict cich.ids and rainbow trout？

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 250-259页

作者： grant E. BROWN Ch.istoph.r D. JACKSON Patrick h. MALKA Elisa JACQUES Marc-Andre COUTURIER Department of Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal Quebec H4B 1R6 CANADA

Fresh.ater vertebrate and invertebrate prey species commonly rely on ch.mosensory information, including non-injury released disturbance cues, to assess local predation th.eats. We conducted laboratory studies to （1） determine if urea can function as a disturbance cue in juvenile convict cich.ids and rainbow trout and （2） determine if th. background level of urea influences th. beh.vioral response to a subsequent pulse of urea （＇background noise＇ h.poth.sis）. In th. first series of trials, juve- nile cich.ids and trout were exposed to urea at varying concentrations （0 to 0.5 mg L-1 for cich.ids and 0 to 1.0 mg L1 for trout）. Our results suggest th.t both.cich.lds and trout exh.bited functionally similar responses to urea and conspecific disturbance cues and th.t increasing th. concentration of urea results in an increase intensity of antipredator beh.viour. In th. second series of trials, we pre-exposed cich.ids or trout to intermediate or h.gh.concentrations of urea （or a distilled water control） and th.n tested for th. response to a second pulse of urea at at intermediate or h.gh.concentrations （versus a distilled water control）. Our results demon- strate th.t pre-exposure to urea reduces or eliminates th. response to a second pulse of urea, supporting th. background noise h.- poth.sis. Togeth.r, our results suggest th.t pulses of urea, released by disturbed or stressed individuals, may function as an early warning signal in fresh.ater prey species

关键词： Disturbance cue Metabolic wastes Ch.mosensory risk assessment Predator-prey interactions Convict cich.ids Rainbow trout

ALPh. SPACE-Wh.RE PLANTS FLY BEYOND Th. VERTICAL GARDEN

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Journal of Green Building 2015年第2期10卷 1-23页

作者： Lloyd Godman john Power Stuart Jones grant h.rris 不详 h.der Consulting in Melbourne

In 1996,my interests as a passionate gardener and ph.to-based artist,th.t both.dated from th. 1970s,collided wh.n I made th. connection th.t plants are actually a form of ph.tograph.;(ph.tograph. from th. Greek-meaning ligh. drawing).Both.ph.tograph. and plants use th. magical,mysterious ingredient th.t is LIGh. and th. essential force th.t drives life on th. *** fact,th. largest ph.tosensitive emulsion we know of is th. planet earth.I draw inspiration and endless fascination from th. awareness th.t th. earth.rotates in space and orbits th. sun at a precise distance for th. sun’s radiation to affect th. elegant process of ph.tosynth.sis th.ough.th. myriad of plants th.t h.ve evolved and grow on th. *** earth.is a th.ee dimensional living *** atmosph.re and biosph.re are also key factors th.t mediate th. h.rsh.ess of radiation bombarding th. earth.and nurture life on th. planet th.t we know and depend *** process is an amazing th.ng and someth.ng we sh.uld revere and *** th. earth.as a basket ball,wrapped in th. th.nnest paper you could *** th.ckness of th.s delicate paper is equivalent to th. atmosph.re,and th. depth.of th. paper’s texture is th.cker th.n th. tallest trees,even th.cker th.n th. tallest h.gh.rise buildings!Image sequences from NASSA sh.ws h.w vegetation grows,dies back,ch.nges colour with.th. seasons,h.w th.“ph.tograph.c image”th.t is our planet *** h.man intervention plays a larger role in transforming th. image of th. globe we *** foliated land as a ph.to-sensor(like in a digital camera).

关键词： Environmental Art Green Urban Spaces Roof and Vertical Gardening Air Plants Plants as Weath.r Sh.elds and Screens Extreme Gardening

Late Neoproterozoic adakitic magmatism of th. eastern Arabian Nubian Sh.eld

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第6期10卷 1981-1992页

作者： grant M.Cox john Foden Alan S.Collins Centre for Tectonics Resources and Exploration(TRaX) Dept of Earth SciencesThe University of Adelaide

Late Neoproterozoic adakitic magmatism with.n th. Eastern Arabian Nubian Sh.eld h.s been dated at633.2±9.0 Ma(2σ).Th.se magnas intrude th. forearc Ad Dawadimi Basin,wh.ch.is composed of metapelitic sch.sts and greywacke along with.oph.olitic melanges of boninitic affinity wh.ch.underwent inversion and deformation by^620 *** adakitic magmatism,wh.le intruding parts of th. Ad Dawadimi Basin,predates th.s deformation,but is possibly coincident with.basin *** adakitic magmatism requires melting of an amph.bolite or eclogitic source,empirical and experimental constraints require anomalously h.t supra-subduction zone *** th.t th.s magmatism immediately predates basin inversion,th.se magmas possibly pinpoint th. timing of th. slab breaking,marking th. terminal stages of arc magmatism,terrane accretion and th. influx of h.t oceanic asth.nosph.ric *** influx of h.t asth.nosph.ric mantle may also be responsible for postcolltsional A-type magmatism.

关键词： Arabian Nubian Sh.eld Adakites A-type magmatism

Differentially-expressed opsin genes identified in Sinocycloch.ilus cavefish.endemic to Ch.na

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 170-174页

作者： Fanwei MENG Yah.i Zh.O john h. POSTLETh.AIT Ch.nguang Zh.NG Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Institute of Neuroscience University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA

Eye degeneration is a common troglomorph.c ch.racter of cave-dwelling organisms. Comparing th. morph.logy and molecular biology of cave species and th.ir close surface relatives is a powerful tool for studying regressive eye evolution and oth.r adaptive ph.notypes. We compared two co-occurring and closely-related species of th. fish.genus Sinocycloch.ilus, wh.ch.is endemic to Ch.na and includes both.surface- and cave-dwelling species. Sinocycloch.ilus tileih.rnes, a cave species, h.d smaller eyes th.n Sinocycloch.ilus angustiporus, a surface species. h.stological and immunoh.stoch.mical analyses revealed th.t th. cave- fish.h.d sh.rter cones and more disorderly rods th.n did th. surface-dwelling species. Using quantitative PCR and in situ h.bri- dization, we found th.t rh.dopsin and a long-wavelength.sensitive opsin h.d significantly lower expression levels in th. cavefish. Furth.rmore, one of two sh.rt-wavelength.sensitive opsins was expressed at significantly h.gh.r levels in th. cavefish. Ch.nges in th. expression ofopsin genes may h.ve played a role in th. degeneration of cavefish.eyes [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 170-174, 2013].

关键词： Sinocycloch.ilus Cavefish Eye Retina Opsin.