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Trabecular Plate Loss and Deteriorating Elastic Modulus of Femoral Trabecular Bone in Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures

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Bone Research 2013年第4期1卷 346-354页

作者： Ji Wang Bin Zhou Ian Parkinson C.David L.Thomas john g.clement Nick Fazzalari X.Edward guo Bone Bioengineering Laboratory Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York 10027USA Bone and Joint Research Lab SA Pathology and Discipline of Anatomy and PathologyUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Section of Oral Anatomy and Surgery The Melbourne Dental SchoolUniversity of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia

Osteoporotic hip fracture is associated with significant trabecular bone loss, which is typically characterized as low bone density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry （DXA） and altered microstructure by micro-computed tomography （pCT）. Emerging morphological analysis techniques, e.g. individual trabecula segmentation （ITS）, can provide additional insights into changes in plate-like and rod-like trabeculae, two major micro- structural types serving different roles in determining bone strength. Using ITS, we evaluated trabecular microstructure of intertrochanteric bone cores obtained from 23 patients undergoing hip replacement surgery for intertrochanteric fracture and 22 cadaveric controls. Micro-finite element （~FE） analyses were performed to further understand how the abnormalities seen by ITS might translate into effects on bone strength. ITS analyses revealed that, near fracture site, plate-like trabeculae were seriously depleted in fracture patients, but trabecular rod volume was maintained. Besides, decreased plate area and rod length were observed in fracture patients. Fracture patients also showed decreased elastic moduli and shear moduli of trabecular bone. These results provided evidence that in intertrochanteric hip fracture, preferential loss of plate-like trabeculae led to more rod-like microstructure and deteriorated mechanical competence adjacent to the fracture site, which increased our understanding of the biomechanical pathogenesis of hip fracture in osteoporosis.

关键词： hip fracture intertrochanteric microstructure individual trabecula segmentation finite element

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Targeting TrkB–PSD-95 coupling to mitigate neurological disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 715-724页

作者： Xin Yang Yu-Wen Alvin Huang john Marshall Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Center for Translational Neuroscience Robert J.and Nancy D.Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and *** activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at synapses binds to pre-or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflected by long-term ***,the association of postsynaptic density protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required for long-term *** this review,we discuss TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling towards the development of novel therapeutics for specific neurological disorders.A reduction of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease,and enhancement of postsynaptic density protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could mitigate the observed deficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and *** with brain-derived neurotrophic factor is problematic,due to poor pharmacokinetics,low brain penetration,and side effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated TrkB.T1 *** TrkB agonists and antibodies that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated,they cannot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific *** TrkB–postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling provides an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effects.

关键词： Angelman syndrome autism brain-derived neurotrophic factor depression neurodegenerative disorder neurodevelopmental disorder postsynaptic density protein-95 synaptic plasticity TrkB

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A spotlight on dosage and subject selection for effective neuroprotection: exploring the central role of mitochondria

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1081-1082页

作者： john Mitrofanis Jonathan Stone Michael R.Hamblin Pierre Magistretti Alim-Louis Benabid glen Jeffery Fonds Clinatec UniversitéGrenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance School of Medical Science University of SydneySydneyAustralia Faculty of Health Sciences University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ThuwalSaudi Arabia Institute of Ophthalmology University College LondonLondonUK

Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell *** the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological conditions,including stroke,head trauma,and neurodegenerative disease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting their survival and proper *** most neural pathologies,mitochondria become dysfunctional and this plays a pivotal role in the process of cell *** challenge over the last few decades has been to develop effective interventions that improve neuronal homeostasis under pathological *** interventions,often referred to as disease-modifying or neuroprotective,have,however,proved frustratingly elusive,at both preclinical and,in particular,clinical *** this perspective,we highlight two factors that we feel are key to the development of effective neuroprotective *** are:firstly,the choice of dose of intervention and method of application,and secondly,the selection of subjects,whether they be patients or the animal model.

关键词： protective dosage distress

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Crop phenotyping studies with application to crop monitoring

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The Crop Journal 2022年第5期10卷 1221-1223页

作者： Xiuliang Jin Wanneng Yang john H.Doonan clement Atzberger Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of AgricultureBeijing 100081China National Key Laboratory of Crop genetic Improvement National Center of Plant Gene ResearchHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina The National Plant Phenomics Centre Institute of BiologicalRural and Environmental Sciences(IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigion SY233FLUK Institute of geomatics University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences(BOKU)Peter Jordan Straße 821190 ViennaAustria

*** Crop yield must urgently be sustainably increased to accommodate a rising global population and anticipated climate change in the coming decades,in the face of plant stresses and limited resources[1].Conventional ... 详细信息

关键词： breeding Crop efficiency.

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Nutritional and vitamin status in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2019年第10期25卷 1171-1184页

作者： Dominique SVM clement Margot ET Tesselaar Monique E van Leerdam Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan john K Ramage Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit King’s College Hospital ENETS Centre of Excellence Department of Medical Oncology Netherlands Cancer Institute ENETS Centre of Excellence Department of gastrointestinal Oncology Netherlands Cancer Institute Department of gastroenterology King’s College Hospital

Symptoms of gastroenteropancreatic located neuroendocrine neoplasms(gEPNENs) are often related to food intake and manifest as abdominal pain or diarrhoea which can influence patients nutritional status. Malnutrition is common in cancer patients and influences quality of life, treatment options and survival but is also present in up to 40% of patients with gEP-NENs. As part of malnutrition there are often deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins, mainly vitamin D. Little knowledge exists on trace elements. Several factors influence the development of malnutrition such as size and localisation of the primary tumour as well as metastases, side effects from treatment but also hormone production of the tumour itself. One of the main influencing factors leading to malnutrition is diarrhoea which leads to dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. Treatment of diarrhoea should be guided by its cause. Screening for malnutrition should be part of routine care in every gEP-NEN patient. Multidisciplinary treatment including dietician support is necessary for all malnourished patients with gEP-NENs.

关键词： Neuroendocrine neoplasm Nutrition Malnutrition Vitamin deficiency Diarrhoea Steatorrhoea

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Novel strategies in glioblastoma surgery aim at safe, supra-maximum resection in conjunction with local therapies

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2014年第1期33卷 8-15页

作者： john g.Wolbers Department of Neurosurgery Erasmus University Medical CentreRotterdam The Netherlands

The biggest challenge in neuro-oncology is the treatment of glioblastoma, which exhibits poor prognosis and is increasing in incidence in an increasing aging population. Diverse treatment strategies aim at maximum cytoreduction and ensuring good quality of life. We discuss multimodal neuronavigation, supra-maximum tumor resection, and the postoperative treatment gap. Multimodal neuronavigation allows the integration of preoperative anatomic and functional data with intraoperative information. This approach includes functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging in preplanning and ultrasound, computed tomography(CT), MRI and direct(sub) cortical stimulation during surgery. The practice of awake craniotomy decreases postoperative neurologic deficits, and an extensive supra- maximum resection appears to be feasible, even in eloquent areas of the brain. Intraoperative MRI- and fluorescence-guided surgery assist in achieving this goal of supra-maximum resection and have been the subject of an increasing number of reports. Photodynamic therapy and local chemotherapy are properly positioned to bridge the gap between surgery and chemoradiotherapy. The photosensitizer used in fluorescence-guided surgery persists in the remaining peripheral tumor extensions. Additionally, blinded randomized clinical trials showed firm evidence of extra cytoreduction by local chemotherapy in the tumor cavity. The cutting-edge promise is gene therapy although both the delivery and efficacy of the numerous transgenes remain under investigation. Issues such as the choice of (cell) vector, the choice of therapeutic transgene, the optimal route of administration, and biosafety need to be addressed in a systematic way. In this selective review, we present various evidence and promises to improve survival of glioblastoma patients by supra-maximum cytoreduction via local procedures while minimizing the risk of new neurologic deficit.

关键词：手术过程局部治疗生物安全母细胞功能性磁共振成像胶质计算机断层扫描神经功能

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LOX upregulates FAK phosphorylation to promote metastasis in osteosarcoma

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genes & Diseases 2023年第1期10卷 254-266页

作者： Xiang Chen Margaret clement Mjohn Hicks Poonam Sarkar MWaleed gaber Tsz-Kwong Man Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of MedicineOne Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Pathology Baylor College of MedicineOne Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Dan L.Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center 7200 Cambridge StreetHoustonTX 77054USA Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers 1102 Bates StHoustonTX 77030USA

Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that commonly occurs in the pediatric *** the use of chemotherapy and surgery,metastasis remains to be the leading cause of death in patients with *** have previously reported that cytoplasmic mislocalization of p27 is associated with a poor outcome in *** this study,we further show that lysyl oxidase(LOx)expression was associated with p27 *** is an enigmatic molecule that acts as a tumor suppressor or a metastatic promoter;however,its role in osteosarcoma is still ***,we performed both in vitro and in vivo analyses to dissect the role of Lox in *** result of our survival analysis indicated that Lox expression significantly correlated with a poor outcome in osteosarcoma with or without controlling for the initial metastasis status(Pgher LoX expression promoted osteosarcoma cell proliferation,migration,and invasiveness in vitro and produced a higher number of mice with pulmonary metastases in an orthotopic xenograft mouse ***,phospho-FAK was increased in osteosarcoma cells with high LOX *** results further showed that FAK inhibition significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation and migration in vitro as well as LoX-mediated metastasis in ***,our findings suggest that there is a novel link between p27 mislocalization and LOX *** plays a pivotal role in osteosarcoma metastasis by upregulating FAK *** inhibition may constitute a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce the development of metastasis in osteosarcoma with Lox overexpression.

关键词： Focal adhesion kinase Lysyl oxidase Metastasis Osteosarcoma

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Surgery for inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2008年第17期14卷 2678-2690页

作者： john M Hwang Madhulika g Varma Center for Colorectal Surgery Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco

Despite the new and ever expanding array of medications for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there are still clear indications for operative management of IBD and its complications. We present an ove... 详细信息

关键词： Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Operation Surgical treatment Ileal pouch

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Study of hybrid nanofluid flow in a stationary cone-disk system with temperature-dependent fluid properties

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 677-694页

作者： A.S.john B.MAHANTHESH g.LORENZINI Center for Mathematical Needs Department of MathematicsCHRIST(Deemed to be University)Karnataka 560029India School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences The University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyTexas 78539U.S.A. Department of Engineering and Architecture University of ParmaParma 43124Italy

Cone-disk systems find frequent use such as conical diffusers,medical devices,various rheometric,and viscosimetry *** this study,we investigate the three-dimensional flow of a water-based Ag-Mg O hybrid nanofluid in a static cone-disk system while considering temperature-dependent fluid *** the variable fluid properties affect the dynamics and heat transfer features is studied by Reynolds's linearized model for variable viscosity and Chiam's model for variable thermal *** single-phase nanofluid model is utilized to describe convective heat transfer in hybrid nanofluids,incorporating the experimental *** model is developed as a coupled system of convective-diffusion equations,encompassing the conservation of momentum and the conservation of thermal energy,in conjunction with an incompressibility condition.A self-similar model is developed by the Lie-group scaling transformations,and the subsequent self-similar equations are then solved *** influence of variable fluid parameters on both swirling and non-swirling flow cases is ***,the Nusselt number for the disk surface is *** is found that an increase in the temperature-dependent viscosity parameter enhances heat transfer characteristics in the static cone-disk system,while the thermal conductivity parameter has the opposite effect.

关键词： hybrid nanofluid cone-disk system laminar flow variable fluid property Nusselt number

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Early successes and late failures in the prevention of post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2007年第26期13卷 3567-3574页

作者： john g Lieb II Peter V Draganov gastroenterology Fellow Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Florida FL 32610-0214United States Associate Professor of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of Florida FL 32610-0214United States

Acute pancreatitis is the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The only way to prevent this complication is to avoid an ERCP all together. Because of the risks involved, a careful consideration should be given to the indication for ERCP and the potential risk/benefit ratio of the test. Once a decision to perform an ERCP is made, the procedure should be carried out with meticulous care by an experienced endoscopist, and with a minimum of pancreatic duct opacification. Several pharmacologic agents have been tested, but to date the most important method of reducing post ERCP pancreatitis is the placement of pancreatic stent. Pancreatic stents should be placed in all patients at high risk of this complication such as those undergoing pancreatic sphincterotomy, pancreatic duct manipulation and intervention, and patients with suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Pancreatic stents should be also considered in patients requiring precut sphincterotomy to gain biliary access.

关键词： Post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancre-atography pancreatitits Somatostatin gabexate IL-10 Pancreatic stents Aspirating catheter Sphincter of Oddidysfunction

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