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Cost Optimization Modeling of Renewable Energy Sources in Smart-Grid Using SCADA

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Communications and Network 2021年第2期13卷 51-67页

作者： Nafisa Islam Warsame H. Ali Emmanuel S Kolawole john fuller Pamela Obiomon john O. Attia Samir Abood Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Prairie View A & M University Prairie View USA

In recent times, renewable energy production from renewable energy sources is an alternative way to fulfill the increased energy demands. However, the increasing energy demand rate places more pressure, leading to the termination of conventional energy resources. However, the cost of power generation from coal-fired plants is higher than the power generation’s price from renewable energy sources. This experiment is focused on cost optimization during power generation through pumped storage power plant and wind power plant. The entire modeling of cost optimization has been conducted in two parts. The mathematical modeling was done using MATLAB simulation while the hydro and wind power plant’s emulation was performed using SCADA (Supervisory control and data acquisition) designer implementation. The experiment was conducted using ranges of generated power from both power sources. The optimum combination of output power and cost from both generators is determined via MATLAB simulation within the assumed generated output power range. Secondly, the hydro-generator and wind generator’s emulation were executed individually through synchronizing the grid to determine each generator’s specification using SCADA designer, which provided the optimum power generation from both generators with the specific speed, aligning with results generated through MATLAB. Finally, the operational power cost (with no losses consideration) from MATLAB was compared with the local energy provider to determine the cost-efficiency. This experiment has provided the operational cost optimization of the hydro-wind combined power system with stable wind power generation using SCADA, which will ultimately assist in operations of large-scale power systems, remotely minimizing multi-area dynamic issues while maximizing the system efficiency.

关键词： Smart-Grid Cost Optimization Economic Dispatch SCADA Renewable Energy Sources MATLAB

Practical Approaches to Securing an IT Environment

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Communications and Network 2017年第4期9卷 275-290页

作者： Emmanuel S. Kolawole Warsame H. Ali Cofie Penrose john C. fuller Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Prairie View Texas A&M University Prairie View TX USA

There are a number of IT Security journals available in the literature but none of these research papers have practically specified approaches to secure the IT environment at large. In this paper, more emphases will be laid on the practical ways to secure our IT environments and with some useful real-life scenarios. In today, securing our IT environment has become the key factor in the industry due to an increasing number of attackers invading and stealing the intellectual properties;thereby, rendering most IT industries to go out of businesses. They may find that understanding and translating IT security recommendations to implementable practices can be overwhelming. While this is a worthwhile and important task, there are also more practical ways to ensure you are using IT security best practices in your business. Therefore, the need to properly secure our IT environments in order to mitigate those attacks by using the right tools in all IT domains will be fully discussed in this research. This paper will focus more on protection of LAN-WAN Domain as a use case.

关键词： Security Environment Domains Intellectual Property Attacks Mitigation and Assessment

Anti-Windup Digital Control Design for Time-Delayed Analog Nonlinear Systems Using Approximated Scalar Sign Function

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Circuits and Systems 2014年第1期5卷 27-37页

作者： Warsame H. Ali Yongpeng Zhang Jian Zhang john H. fuller Leang-San Shieh Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Prairie View A & M University Prairie View USA Electrical & Computer Engineering Department University of Houston Houston USA Engineering Technology Department Prairie View A & M University Prairie View USA

This paper describes an approximated-scalar-sign-function-based anti-windup digital control design for analog nonlinear systems subject to input constraints. As input saturation occurs, the non-smooth saturation constraint is modeled with the approximated scalar sign function which is a smooth nonlinear function. The resulting nonlinear model is further linearized at any operating point with the optimal linearization technique, and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) is then applied for a state-feedback controller optimal for each operating point. As input saturation is encountered, an iterative procedure is developed to adjust control gains by systematically updating LQR weighting matrices until the inputs lie within the saturation limits. Through global digital redesign, the analog LQR controller is converted to an equivalent digital one for keeping the essential control performance, and moreover, delay compensation is taken into account during digital redesign for compensating the potential time delays in a control loop. The swing-up and stabilization control of single rotary inverted pendulum system is used to illustrate and verify the proposed method.

关键词： Anti-Windup Control Scalar Sign Function Sampled-Data System Time-Delayed System

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网上最赚钱的10大方式

中国证券期货 2013年第4期16卷 84-86页

作者： john fuller -- Stephanie Crawford

很多人梦想着可以足不出户就把钱赚了，那就一起看看如何在家依靠网络赚钱吧。你需要稳定的收入用以度日，除非你不食人间烟火，并且找到了可以脱离网络生存的方式。传统的赚钱方式当然是有一份工作。为别人的公司打工或者自己创业，赚... 详细信息

很多人梦想着可以足不出户就把钱赚了，那就一起看看如何在家依靠网络赚钱吧。你需要稳定的收入用以度日，除非你不食人间烟火，并且找到了可以脱离网络生存的方式。传统的赚钱方式当然是有一份工作。为别人的公司打工或者自己创业，赚钱，然后把钱花到诸如贷款、租房、吃、穿、用和娱乐上。很多人都在公司上班，每个人都来到这个物理上的空间上班，交流想法并一起努力工作。但是也有一些幸运的人找到了在家享乐的同时赚钱的方式。网络是个不断变化的商业舞台，很多想赚钱的人开始在这里寻找门路。希望在业余时间赚点零花钱的人适合做兼职，当然也有做全职的人，并创造了网络成功神话。

关键词：网络生存赚钱方式业余时间零花钱公司上班收入创业

Performance and Efficiency Simulation Study of a Smart-Grid Connected Photovoltaic System

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Energy and Power Engineering 2017年第2期9卷 71-85页

作者： Warsame H. Ali Penrose Cofie john H. fuller Savitha Lokesh Emmanuel S. Kolawole Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Prairie View Texas A&M University Prairie View TX USA

The availability of non-renewable energy sources such as crude oil, natural gas, coal etc., is fast diminishing. So the renewable energy sources such as solar, hydropower, geothermal, wind, tidal energy, are gaining more and more importance. Many new developments to convert these renewable energy sources into usable forms are taking place. Most renewable energy sources are used to produce electricity. In this paper, a performance and efficiency simulation study of a smart-grid connected photovoltaic system using Chroma DC programmable power supply, AC programmable source and an Aurora Inverter is proposed. The simulation is performed in MATLAB environment where the Current-Voltage (I-V) and Power-Voltage (P-V) curves from the solar array simulator are generated and plotted. The proposed topology has been verified with satisfactory results. In addition, temperature and irradiance effects on I-V and P-V characteristic curves are verified. Also, the efficiency curves of the photovoltaic grid interface inverter are generated in the study. The MATLAB code developed in this paper is a valuable tool for design engineers comparing different inverters, calculating the optimum efficiency of a given inverter type.

关键词： Smart-Grid Photovoltaic System Renewable and of Non-Renewable Energy Current-Voltage (I-V) and Power-Voltage (P-V) Curves Inverter Electricity

Analysis of the Load Flow Problem in Power System Planning Studies

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Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第10期7卷 509-523页

作者： Olukayode A. Afolabi Warsame H. Ali Penrose Cofie john fuller Pamela Obiomon Emmanuel S. Kolawole Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Prairie View A&M University Prairie View USA

Load flow is an important tool used by power engineers for planning, to determine the best operation for a power system and exchange of power between utility companies. In order to have an efficient operating power system, it is necessary to determine which method is suitable and efficient for the system’s load flow analysis. A power flow analysis method may take a long time and therefore prevent achieving an accurate result to a power flow solution because of continuous changes in power demand and generations. This paper presents analysis of the load flow problem in power system planning studies. The numerical methods: Gauss-Seidel, Newton-Raphson and Fast Decoupled methods were compared for a power flow analysis solution. Simulation is carried out using Matlab for test cases of IEEE 9-Bus, IEEE 30-Bus and IEEE 57-Bus system. The simulation results were compared for number of iteration, computational time, tolerance value and convergence. The compared results show that Newton-Raphson is the most reliable method because it has the least number of iteration and converges faster.

关键词： Load Flow Bus Gauss-Seidel Newton-Raphson Fast Decoupled Voltage Magnitude Voltage Angle Active Power Reactive Power Iteration Convergence

Design and Implementation of Low-Pass, High-Pass and Band-Pass Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters Using FPGA

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Circuits and Systems 2015年第2期6卷 30-48页

作者： Emmanuel S. Kolawole Warsame H. Ali Penrose Cofie john fuller C. Tolliver Pamela Obiomon Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Prairie View A&M University Prairie View USA

This paper presents the design and implementation of a low-pass, high-pass and a hand-pass Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter using SPARTAN-6 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. The filter performance is tested using Filter Design and Analysis (FDA) and FIR tools from Mathworks. The FDA Tool is used to define the filter order and coefficients, and the FIR tool is used for Simulink simulation. The FPGA implementation is carried out using Spartan-6 LX75T-3FGG676C for different filter specifications and simulated with the help of Xilinx ISE (Integrated Software Environment). System Generator ISE design suit 14.6i is used in synthesizing and co-simulation for FPGA filter output verification. Finally, comparison is done between the results obtained from the software simulations and those from FPGA using hardware co-simulation. The simulation waveforms and synthesis reports verify the parallel implementation of FPGA which proves its effectiveness in terms of speed, resource usage and power consumption.

关键词： Digital Filters FIR Filter Matlab Simulink FDA Tool FIR Tool Distributed Arithmetic FPGA Xilinx System Generator

Rapid Prototype with Field Gate (A Design and Implementation of Stepper Motor Using FPGA)

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Circuits and Systems 2016年第8期7卷 1392-1403页

作者： Warsame H. Ali Emmanuel S. Kolawole Pamela Obiomon john H. fuller Shukri Ali Penrose Cofie Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Prairie View A&M University Prairie View USA

This paper presents the design and implementation of a Stepper Motor using Nexys2 circuit board based on a Xilinx Spartan 3E Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device with VHDL code. The algorithm implemented on FPGA allows a substantial decrease of the equivalent processing time developed by different velocity controllers. The Stepper Speed control is achieved using VHDL code, and the hardware digital circuit is designed for a programmable rotational stepper motor using VHDL as a tool and FPGA as a target technology. The 50 MHZ provided by the starter kit is divided to obtain the necessary delay time between the motor phases that ranges between 2 - 10 m seconds. Though output selections, the direction of rotation of the stepper motor besides the magnitude of the angle of movement and the rotation speed can be controlled. The major advantage of using reconfigurable hardware (FPGA) in implementing the Stepper Motor instead of a discrete digital component is that it makes modifications to the design easy and quick and also, the total design hence represents an embedded system (works without computer). The total programmable hardware design that controlled on the stepper motor movement, occupied an area that did not exceed 12% of the chip resources.

关键词： Stepper Motor Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA Xilinx ISE Tools User I/O LEDS PMOD Motion Control VHDL PLANAHEAD

Optimization of Stealthwatch Network Security System for the Detection and Mitigation of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack: Application to Smart Grid System

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Communications and Network 2024年第3期16卷 108-134页

作者： Emmanuel S. Kolawole Penrose S. Cofie john H. fuller Cajetan M. Akujuobi Emmanuel A. Dada Justin F. Foreman Pamela H. Obiomon Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA

The Smart Grid is an enhancement of the traditional grid system and employs new technologies and sophisticated communication techniques for electrical power transmission and distribution. The Smart Grid’s communication network shares information about status of its several integrated IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices). However, the IEDs connected throughout the Smart Grid, open opportunities for attackers to interfere with the communications and utilities resources or take clients’ private data. This development has introduced new cyber-security challenges for the Smart Grid and is a very concerning issue because of emerging cyber-threats and security incidents that have occurred recently all over the world. The purpose of this research is to detect and mitigate Distributed Denial of Service [DDoS] with application to the Electrical Smart Grid System by deploying an optimized Stealthwatch Secure Network analytics tool. In this paper, the DDoS attack in the Smart Grid communication networks was modeled using Stealthwatch tool. The simulated network consisted of Secure Network Analytic tools virtual machines (VMs), electrical Grid network communication topology, attackers and Target VMs. Finally, the experiments and simulations were performed, and the research results showed that Stealthwatch analytic tool is very effective in detecting and mitigating DDoS attacks in the Smart Grid System without causing any blackout or shutdown of any internal systems as compared to other tools such as GNS3, NeSSi2, NISST Framework, OMNeT++, INET Framework, ReaSE, NS2, NS3, M5 Simulator, OPNET, PLC & TIA Portal management Software which do not have the capability to do so. Also, using Stealthwatch tool to create a security baseline for Smart Grid environment, contributes to risk mitigation and sound security hygiene.

关键词： Smart Grid System Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems Detection Mitigation and Stealthwatch