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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the heart in children and adolescents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 9055-9071页

作者： Lucia Pacifico Claudio Chiesa Caterina Anania Antonio De Merulis john frederick osborn Sara Romaggioli Eugenio Gaudio Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry Sapienza University of Rome Institute of Translational Pharmacology National Research Council Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases Sapienza University of Rome Department of Human Anatomy HistologyForensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences Sapienza University of Rome

Over the last two decades, the rise in the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity explains the emergence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) as the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. As described in adults, children and adolescents with fatty liver display insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. Thus NAFLD has emerged as the hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome(MetS) and a strong cardiovascular risk factor even at a very early age. Several studies, including pediatric populations, have reported independent associations between NAFLD and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis including impaired flow-mediated vasodilation, increased carotid artery intima-media thickness, and arterial stiffness, after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and MetS. Also, it has been shown that NAFLD is associated with cardiac alterations, including abnormal left ventricular structure and impaired diastolic function. The duration of these subclinical abnormalities may be important, because treatment to reverse the process is most likely to be effective earlier in the disease. In the present review, we examine the current evidence on the association between NAFLD and atherosclerosis as well as between NAFLD and cardiac dysfunction in the pediatric population, and discuss briefly the possible biological mechanisms linking NAFLD and cardiovascular changes. We also address the approach to treatment for this increasingly prevalent disease, which is likely to have an important future global impact on the burden of ill health, to prevent not only end-stage liver disease but also cardiovascular disease.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Children Atherosc

Design and Experimental Testing of a Moving Coil Actuator with Compensation Coil

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 707-716页

作者： Boyuan Yin Xianwu Zeng john frederick Eastham Emelie Nilsson Jean-francois Rouquette Jean Rivenc Ludovic Ybanez Xiaoze Pei Department of Electronics&Electrical Engineering University of BathBathBA27AYUnited Kingdom Airbus UpNext BlangnacFrance Airbus CRT BlangnacFrance Department of Mechanical Engineering University of BathBathBA27AYUnited Kingdom

Hydrogen-powered electric aircraft have attracted significant interests aiming to achieve decarbonization targets.Onboard DC electric networks are facing great challenges in DC fault protection requirements.Vacuum interrupters are widely used in low voltage and medium voltage power systems due to being environmentally friendly with low maintenance.In this paper a moving coil actuator with compensation coils for a vacuum interrupter,as part of a hybrid direct current circuit breaker,is designed and experimentally tested.Compensation coils are used to improve operating speed compared with original moving coil actuator.Comparisons between four possible connections of compensation coils and original moving coil actuator are carried out.Experimental results show comparisons between different connections of actuator coils in terms of opening time and coil current with a range of pre-charged capacitor voltages.Dynamic performance of each actuator connection is also compared.The actuator with compensation coils is shown to have a higher current rising rate and achieve faster opening speed,which is a critical requirement for electric aircraft network protection.The parallel connection actuator achieves the highest opening speed within 3.5 ms with capacitor voltage of 50 V.

关键词： Circuit breaker compensation coil moving coil actuator vacuum interrupter

Overprescription of opioid analgesia is common following ambulatory Otolaryngology—Head and Neck surgery procedures: A multicenter study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第2期8卷 145-151页

作者： Amr F.Hamour frederick Laliberte Jordan Levy Jason Xu Edward Park Vincent Lin john de Almeida Julie Strychowsky Antoine Eskander Eric Monteiro Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery London Health Sciences CentreLondonOntarioCanada Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Mount Sinai HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada

Background: The rise in the use of prescription opioids for postoperative analgesia within surgery has mirrored an increased trend of opioid-related morbidity within Canada and the United States. This study prospectively studied daily pain levels and medication requirements postoperatively in patients undergoing elective Otolaryngology—Head and Neck surgery procedures.Methods: Patients were asked to prospectively document their pain level and medication use daily for 7 days postoperatively. A final survey was used to quantify unused medication left at home and clarify each patient's disposal plan. We included patients undergoing elective outpatient or short stay surgeries from three tertiary care centers in Toronto, Ontario from September 2016 to September 2017. Previous opioids users or patients suffering from chronic pain were excluded.Results: A final cohort of 56 eligible adult patients were included in the study. The most common procedures were thyroidectomy (n = 19), endoscopic sinus surgery (n= 10), tympanoplasty/ossiculoplasty (n= 7), and cochlear implant (n = 5). Most patients received a prescription for acetaminophen/codeine (n = 29, 51.8%) or acetaminophen/oxycodone (n = 22, 39.3%) and used on average 29% of their initial prescription. Patients most commonly opted to keep their unused narcotics at home (n = 23, 41%). A total of 710 tablets of narcotics were overprescribed in our study population, 351 of which were kept in patients'' home for future use.Conclusion: There is a clear tendency to overestimate postoperative pain resulting in significant overprescription of opioids among Otolaryngologists.

关键词： analgesia health policy opioid quality improvement quality of life

The day of the Jackal

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Wastewater analysis for nicotine,cocaine,amphetamines,opioids and cannabis in New York City

2008年

作者： frederick Forsyth retold by john Escott

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Forensic Sciences Research 2019年第2期4卷 152-167页

作者： Nicole Centazzo Bonnie-Marie frederick Alethea Jacox Shu-Yuan Cheng Marta Concheiro-Guisan Department of Sciences John Jay College of Criminal JusticeCity University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA

According to current surveys and overdoses data,there is a drug crisis in the USA.Wastewater-based epidemiology(WBE)is an evolving discipline that analyses wastewater samples to detect drugs and metabolites to estimate drug consumption in a certain community.This study demonstrates how drug relative presence could be tracked by testing wastewater,providing real-time results,in different boroughs in New York City throughout 1 year.We developed and fully validated two analytical methods,one for 21 drugs and metabolites,including nicotine,cocaine,amphetamines,opioids and cannabis markers;and another for the normalization factor creatinine.Both methods were performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)using positive electrospray ionization,achieving a limit of quantification of 5–10 ng/L for drugs and metabolites,and 0.01 mg/L for creatinine.These methods were applied to 48 one-time grab wastewater samples collected from six wastewater treatment plants in New York City(Manhattan,The Bronx,Queens and Brooklyn),eight different times throughout 2016,before and after major holidays,including Memorial Day,4th of July,Labour Day and New Year’s.In this study,the drug group normalized concentrations present in the wastewater samples,in decreasing order,were cocaine,nicotine,opioids,cannabis and amphetamines.When looking at individual compounds,the one with the highest normalized concentration was benzoylecgonine(BE),followed by cotinine,morphine and 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol(THCCOOH).To estimate community use,these concentrations were multiplied by the corresponding correction factor,and the most present were THCCOOH,followed by BE,cotinine and morphine.When comparing the treatment plants by drug group(nicotine,cocaine,amphetamines,opioids and cannabis),samples collected from The Bronx had the highest normalized concentrations for nicotine,cocaine and opioids;The Bronx and Manhattan for cannabis;and Manhattan and Queens for amphetamines.In most of the cases,no effect due to holiday was obs

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic toxicology wastewaterbased epidemiology(WBE) nicotine cocaine amphetamines opioids cannabis LC-MS/MS

China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Prospective Study of Acute Myocardial Infarction： Study Design

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Chinese Medical Journal 2016年第1期129卷 72-80页

作者： Rachel P Dreyer Xi Li Xue Du Nicholas S Downing Li Li Hai-Bo Zhang Fang Feng Wen-Chi Guan Xiao Xu Shu-Xia Li Zhen-Qiu Lin frederick A Masoudi john A Spertus Harlan M Krumholz Li-Xin Jiang National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100037 China Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation Yale-New Haven Hospital New Haven Connecticut USA Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA Division of Cardiology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics University of Missouri - Kansas City Kansas City Missouri USA Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute Kansas City Missouri USA The Robert Wood johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA Department of Health Policy and Management Yale School of Public Health New Haven Connecticut USA

Background： Despite the rapid growth in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction （AMI） in China, there is limited information about patients＇ experiences after AMI hospitalization, especially on long-tern1 adverse events and patient-reported outcomes （PROs）. Methods： The China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events （PEACE）-Prospective AMI Study will enroll 4000 consecutive AM I patients from 53 diverse hospitals across China and follow them longitudinally for 12 months to docunlent their treatment, recovery, and outcomes. Details of patients＇ medical history, treatment, and in-hospital outcomes are abstracted from medical charts. Comprehensive baseline interviews are being conducted to characterize patient demographics, risk factors, presentation, and healthcare utilization. As part of these interviews, validated instruments are administered to measure PROs, including quality of life, symptoms, mood, cognition, and sexual activity. Follow-up interviews, measuring PROs, medication adherence, risk factor control, and collecting hospitalization events are conducted at 1, 6, and 12 months after discharge. Supporting documents for potential outcomes are collected for adjudication by clinicians at the National Coordinating Center. Blood and urine samples are also obtained at baseline, 1 - and 12-month follow-up. In addition, we are conducting a survey of participating hospitals to characterize their organizational characteristics. Conclusion： The China PEACE-Prospective AMI study will be uniquely positioned to generate new information regarding patient＇s experiences and outcomes alter AMI in China and seiwe as a foundation for quality improveinent activities.

关键词： Acute Myocardial Infarction Outcomes Research Patient-reported Outcome Measures Prospective Cohort

Genetically Engineered Corn Rootworm Resistance: Potential for Reduction of Human Health Effects From Pesticides

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2003年第1期16卷 17-28页

作者： frederickW.OEHME johnA.PICKRELL Comparative Toxicology Laboratories 1800 Denison AvenueMosier HallKansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506-5705 USAComparative Toxicology Laboratories1800 Denison AvenueMosier HallKansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506-5705 USA

Objective and Methods Insecticide use, grower preferences regarding genetically engineered (GE) corn resistant to com rootworm (CRW), and the health effects of using various CRW insecticides (organophosphates, pyrethroids, fipronil and carbamates) are reviewed for current and future farm practices. Results Pest damage to corn has been reduced only one-third by insecticide applications. Health costs from insecticide use appear significant, but costs attributable to CRW control are not quantifiable from available data. Methods reducing health-related costs of insecticide-based CRW control should be evaluated. As a first step, organophosphate insecticide use has been reduced as they have high acute toxicity and risk of long-term neurological consequences. A second step is to use agents which more specifically target the CRW. Conclusion Whereas current insecticides may be poisonous to many species of insects, birds, mammals and humans, a protein derived from Bacillus thurigiensis and produced in plants via genetic modification can target the specific insect of CRW (Coleoptra), sparing other insect and non-insect species from injury.

关键词： Genetically engineered corn Corn rootworm resistance Insecticide toxicity Pest damage control Health costs

An augmented and interactive exhibition of an archived model for frederick Kiesler's Endless House, 1959

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第6期11卷 993-1006页

作者： Chantelle Niblock Laura McGuire john Harding Gerd Zillner Chris Hamill Andrew Whitney School of Natural and Built Environment Queens University of BelfastNorthern IrelandBT71NNUK School of Architecture University of Hawaii at MānoaHonoluluHI96822USA School of Architecture University of ReadingReadingBerkshireRG66URUK Austrian frederick and Lillian Kiesler Private Foundation Mariahilfer Straße1060WienAustria Hotknife Digital Media NottinghamNG13HDUK

This research explores the potential of an immersive and interactive online archive to enhance our understanding of historic architecture through the study of models.It reports on implementing an augmented reality mobile application that exhibits a model for the unbuilt Endless House,1959,by frederick Kiesler.A reflective critique,from the researcher’s point of view,and initial feedback from a small sample of architecture students,provides an insight into users’experience of the exhibition,its value as a research tool,and as an educational resource.Building on existing technologies and established research methods,we present an alternative way of exhibiting a large-scaled model for public engagement and research collaboration between academics,archivists,and conservators.Results discuss the development of the mobile application with interactive features specifically designed for an architectural audience.It touches on issues associated with documenting,interpreting,and exhibiting architectural models,emphasizing accessibility,accuracy,engagement,combining 3D and 2D digital assets,and user experience.It was found that the interactive and immersive features of the exhibition enhanced the researchers’scope to spatially inspect the model,visually experience it,collaborate with others,and strengthen connections between the model and other examples of Kiesler’s textual and visual archival materials.

关键词： Augmented model Unbuilt architecture frederick Kiesler Interactive exhibition Endless house

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伦理与法规