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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第15期26卷 1683-1690页

作者： Paul Brennan Kathleen Clare Jacob George john f dillon Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine University of DundeeNinewells Hospital and Medical SchoolDundee DD19SYUnited Kingdom Department of Neurology Queen Elizabeth HospitalGlasgow G514TFUnited Kingdom

There has long been a recognised association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAfLD)and the composite aspects of the metabolic *** of this association highlighted the supposed co-existence of elevated uric acid levels in those with *** is interest in exploitation of this as a putative diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in *** the increased economic and health burden associated with the NAfLD epidemic,improved methods of population-based,minimally-invasive methods and biomarkers are clearly highly sought and *** this opinion review we review the proposed role of uric acid in the pathogenesis of NAfLD and its potential utilisation in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease process.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Uric acid Urate Non-invasive fibrosis markers fatty liver index

Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of MAfLD

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第5期10卷 939-946页

作者： Kathleen Clare john f.dillon Paul N.Brennan Royal Alexandra Hospital PaisleyNHS Greater Glasgow and ClydePA29PNUK University of Dundee Ninewells Hospital and Medical SchoolDundeeDD19SYUK University of Edinburgh Edinburgh BioQuarter5 Little France DriveEH164UUUK

The pathogenesis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAfLD)is complex and thought to be dependent on multiple parallel hits on a background of genetic *** evidence suggests that MAfLD progression is a dynamic two-way process relating to repetitive bouts of metabolic stress and inflammation interspersed with endogenous anti-inflammatory reparative *** MAfLD,excessive hepatic lipid accumulation causes the production of lipotoxins that induce mitochondrial dysfunction,endoplasmic reticular stress,and over production of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Models of MAfLD show marked disruption of mitochondrial function and reduced oxidative capacitance with impact on cellular processes including mitophagy,oxidative phosphorylation,and mitochondrial *** excess,ROS modify insulin and innate immune signaling and alter the expression and activity of essential enzymes involved in lipid *** can also cause direct damage to intracellular structures causing hepatocyte injury and *** select cases,the use of anti-oxidants and ROS scavengers have been shown to diminish the proapoptopic effects of fatty *** this link,endogenous anti-oxidant pathways have been a target of interest,with Nrf2 activation showing a reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation in models of *** hormone receptorβ(THRβ)agonists and nuclear peroxisome proliferationactivated receptor(PPAR)family have also gained interest in reducing hepatic lipotoxicity and restoring hepatic function in models of ***,the true interplay between the clinical and molecular components of MAfLD progression remain only partly *** recently,multiomics-based strategies are being adopted for hypothesis-free analysis of the molecular changes in *** profiling maps the unique genotype-phenotype associations in MAfLD and with various single-cell tran scriptome-based projects underway,there is hope of novel physiological insigh

关键词： fatty liver disease Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Reactive oxidation species Oxidative stress

Association of serum bilirubin and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A feasible therapeutic avenue?

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World Journal of Pharmacology 2014年第4期3卷 209-216页

作者： Mohamed S Anwar john f dillon Michael H Miller Gut Group Medical Research Institute Ninewells Hospital and Medical School University of Dundee Dundee DD1 9SY United Kingdom

AIM： To the look at the current strength of evidence and the potential application of anti-oxidants in this ***： Two electronic databases （PubMed and Web of Knowledge） were searched to January 2013 to find studies addressing serum bilirubin levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAfLD）. The search used key word combinations in relation to NAfLD and serum bilirubin specifc to human adults only. After screening selected studies were reviewed in depth by two inde-pendent reviewers. Data synthesis with further metaanalysis was planned but not possible due to the het-erogeneity of the outcome measures in these ***： Out of 416 studies screened only seven studies were considered suitable for inclusion. All seven studies consistently reported an inverse association of bilirubin with NAfLD despite the heterogeneous sample of studies. Only two studies were prospective. No negative studies were ***： Most studies suggest a correlation between high bilirubin levels of any type are inversely correlated with NAfLD. But to date most of these stud-ies have been poorly designed to allow meaningful con-clusions, except one cohort study. There is a need for a large prospective cohort study in multiple populations to test this hypothesis fully before mechanistic associa-tions can be established and therapeutic options of the apparent anti-oxidant effect of bilirubin be explored in NAfLD. furthermore these studies should include analysis of UGT1A1 gene to expound upon underlying cause of unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia.

关键词： Review Systematic Bilirubin Hyperbiliru-binemia Anti-oxidants Adult Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Telomeric DNA breaks in human induced pluripotent stem cells trigger ATR-mediated arrest and telomerase-independent telomere damage repair

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2024年第3期16卷 46-60页

作者： Katrina N.Estep john W.Tobias Rafael J.fernandez Brinley M.Beveridge f.Brad johnson Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Quantiative Biosciences Merck&Co.Inc.West PointPA 19486USA Penn Genomic Analysis Core University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Although mechanisms of telomere protection are well-defined in differentiated cells,how stem cells sense and respond to telomere dysfunction,in particular telomeric double-strand breaks(DSBs),is poorly ***,we report the DNA damage signaling,cell cycle,and transcriptome changes in human induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)in response to telomere-internal *** engineer human iPSCs with an inducible TRf1-fokI fusion protein to acutely induce DSBs at *** this model,we demonstrate that TRf1-fokI DSBs activate an ATR-dependent DNA damage response,which leads to p53-independent cell cycle arrest in *** CRISPR–Cas9 to cripple the catalytic domain of telomerase reverse transcriptase,we show that telomerase is largely dispensable for survival and lengthening of TRf1-fokI-cleaved telomeres,which instead are effectively repaired by robust homologous recombination(HR).In contrast to HR-based telomere maintenance in mouse embryonic stem cells,where HR causes ZSCAN4-dependent extension of telomeres beyond their initial lengths,HR-based repair of telomeric breaks is sufficient to maintain iPSC telomeres at a normal length,which is compatible with sustained survival of the cells over several days of TRf1-fokI *** findings suggest a previously unappreciated role for HR in telomere maintenance in telomerase-positive iPSCs and reveal distinct iPSC-specific responses to targeted telomeric DNA damage.

关键词： telomeres telomerase alternative lengthening of telomeres pluripotent stem cells DNA damage double-strand breaks

Boron neutron capture therapy of cancer:where do we stand now?

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Cancer Communications 2024年第8期44卷 889-892页

作者： Rolf f.Barth Gong Wu Maria da Graca H.Vicente john C Grecula Nilendu Gupta Department of Pathology The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics facility The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA Department of Chemistry Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA Department of Radiation Oncology The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA

1 INTRODUCTION,This is the third Editorial/Commentary that one of us(***)has written relating to boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)[1,2].for those readers who are unfamiliar with BNCT we would refer them to several recent comprehensive reviews[3–5].The second Editorial ended on a hopeful note that with the introduction of acceleratorbased neutron sources(ABNSs),BNCT would enter into the mainstream of radiation therapy[2].

关键词： boron 1,2 neutron

Transformer for the Design of Automatic Control Systems with Prefilters

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第3期12卷 575-586页

作者： Isaac Hughes john f. O’Brien Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Wyoming Laramie USA

A machine learning model, using the transformer architecture, is used to design a feedback compensator and prefilter for various simulated plants. The output of the transformer is a sequence of compensator and prefilter parameters. The compensator and prefilter are linear models, preserving the ability to analyze the system with linear control theory. The input to the network is a window of recent reference and output samples. The goal of the transformer is to minimize tracking error at each time step. The plants under consideration range from simple to challenging. The more difficult plants contain closely spaced, lightly damped, complex conjugate pairs of poles and zeros. Results are compared to PID controllers tuned for a similar crossover frequency and optimal phase margin. for simple plants, the transformer converges to solutions which overly rely on the prefilter, neglecting the maximization of negative feedback. for more complex plants, the transformer designs a compensator and prefilter with more desirable qualities. In all cases, the transformer can start with random model parameters and modify them to minimize tracking error on the step reference.

关键词： feedback Machine Learning Compensator Design

Artificial light at night(ALAN) pollution alters bat lunar chronobiology:insights from broad-scale long-term acoustic monitoring

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 176-187页

作者： Han Li Pauline Allen Saige Boris Samantha Lagrama Jade Lyons Christina Mills Pauline Moussi Casey Nichols Carter Tacosik Mc Kenzie Tsaousis Nyzaya Livingston Wilson john f.Grider Kevin A.Parker Matina C.Kalcounis-Rueppell Department of Biology University of Nebraska Omaha Department of Biology University of North Carolina Greensboro Colorado Parks and Wild-life Parker Ecology LLC Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta

Background The timing of behavior and habitat use of nocturnal animals can be influenced by the lunar cycle in nature. The prevalence of artificial light at night(ALAN) has been recognized as a source of environmental pol-lution. The interaction between ALAN and the lunar cycle on bat behavior is important for understanding anthro-pogenic effects on bats. We utilized a decade(2012–2022) of acoustic monitoring data collected in North Carolina, United States, to investigate the relationship between bat activity, lunar cycle, and light pollution. We examined whether the amount of lunar illumination affected species-specific nightly activity and whether hourly bat activity patterns varied between nights with different moon phases. We further investigated if the relationship between bat activity and the lunar cycle might be altered by light *** We found that seven bat species showed activity variation across nights in relation to the amount of moon illumination when ALAN was absent. In general, bats were less active on full moon nights compared to new moon nights. Light pollution interacted with the bat–lunar relationship in five of the seven species, masking the effect of the lunar cycle. We identified delayed bat activity patterns on nights with a full or waxing moon in seven species, and light pollution altered that pattern in four species. Overall, ALAN was associated with decreased bat activity inde-pendent of lunar cycle *** Our study demonstrated that at a broad spatial scale, ALAN negatively affected many North American temperate bat species and altered their lunar chronobiology. As light pollution is spreading to historically dark areas and habitats, ALAN might couple with other threats, such as the white-nose syndrome or climate change, to cause cascading damage in the environment that depends on ecosystem services such as pest control provided by bats. We argue that further research and conservation actions are needed to mitigate

关键词： Artificial light at night ALAN Bats Chiroptera Chronobiology Light pollution Lunar cycle Moonlight

Managerial perspectives of scaling up robotic-assisted surgery in healthcare systems:A systematic literature review

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2024年第3期7卷 113-122页

作者： Ravichandran Anitha Komattu Chacko john Gnanadhas Jabarethina Sri Ramachandra faculty of Management Sciences Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research(Category-I Deemed to be University)ChennaiIndia

Objectives Robotic-assisted surgery(RAS)is a minimally invasive technique practiced in multiple *** training is essential for the acquisition of RAS *** cost of RAS is considered to be high,which makes it a burden for institutes and unaffordable for *** systematic literature review(SLR)focused on the various RAS training methods applied in different surgical specialties,as well as the cost elements of RAS,and was to summarize the opportunities and challenges associated with scaling up *** An SLR was carried out based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting *** PubMed,EBSCO,and Scopus databases were searched for reports from January 2018 through January ***-text reviews and research articles in the English language from Asia-Pacific countries were *** that outlined training and costs associated with RAS were *** The most common training system is the da Vinci *** simulation technique,which includes dry-lab,wet-lab,and virtual reality training,was found to be a common and important *** cost of RAS encompasses the installation and maintenance costs of the robotic system,the operation theatre rent,personnel cost,surgical instrument and material cost,and other miscellaneous *** synthesis of SLR revealed the challenges and opportunities regarding RAS training and *** The results of this SLR will help stakeholders such as decision-makers,influencers,and end users of RAS to understand the significance of training and cost in scaling up RAS from a managerial *** any healthcare innovation to reach a vast population,cost-effectiveness and standard training are crucial.

关键词： da Vinci system Healthcare Robotic-assisted surgery Robotic surgery Robotic training Robotic surgery cost

What diameter?What height?Influence of measures of average tree size on area-based allometric volume relationships

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forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 100-109页

作者： Yilin Wang john A.Kershaw Mark J.Ducey Yuan Sun James B.McCarter Integrated forest Mensuration and Systems Analysis Laboratory Faculty of Forestry and Environmental ManagementUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanada Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA College of forestry Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Scientific Programmer RayonierYuleeFLUSA

Volume is an important attribute used in many forest management *** from 83 fixed-area plots located in central New Brunswick,Canada,are used to examine how different measures of stand-level diameter and height influence volume prediction using a stand-level variant of Honer's(1967)volume *** density was included in the models(Volume=f(Diameter,Height,Density))choice of diameter measure was more important than choice of height *** density was not included(Volume=f(Diameter,Height)),the opposite was *** models with density included,moment-based estimators of stand diameter and height performed better than all other *** models without density,largest tree estimators of stand diameter and height performed better than other *** overall best equation used quadratic mean diameter,Lorey's height,and density(root mean square error=5.26 m^3·ha^(-1);1.9%relative error).The best equation without density used mean diameter of the largest trees needed to calculate a stand density index of 400 and the mean height of the tallest 400 trees per ha(root mean square error=32.08 m^(3)·ha^(-1);11.8%relative error).The results of this study have some important implications for height subsampling and LiDAR-derived forest inventory analyses.

关键词： Allometric relationships Stand structure Volume estimation Stand-level attributes

Effect of cinnamaldehyde on Rhizopus stolonifer and on the conservation of sweet potato

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food Quality and Safety 2024年第1期8卷 212-225页

作者：陈晨薛智超 Penta Pristijono john B.Golding 陈刚李永新杨虎清 College of food and Health Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of NewcastleOurimbahNSWAustralia NSW Department of Primary Industries OurimbahNSWAustralia

Objectives:Rhizopus stolonifer,which causes soft rot of sweet potato,has resulted in substantial loss of economy *** and Methods:The antifungal effect and mechanism of cinnamaldehyde(CIN)against *** were explored by biochemical analysis and RNA-sequencing in this research,and the edible quality of CIN-treated sweet potato was ***:The results showed that CIN inhibited the growth of *** and reduced the incidence of soft rot in sweet potato at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1000μL/*** damage of the cell walls of *** by CIN was associated with the upregulation of *** leakage and malondialdehyde content increased following CIN-treatment,which was correlated with increased reactive oxygen species levels and decreased catalase *** of ERG genes and oxidative stress-related genes following CIN treatment was associated with impaired cell membrane *** mitochondrial structure of *** was damaged by CIN treatment resulting in decreased respiration rates and ATP production,which was correlated with lower expression levels of IDH1,COX4,and ***:Our research suggests that the inhibition of CIN on *** was related to the disruption of its normal gene expression network,and CIN maintained the nutritional and edible quality of sweet *** study provides valuable insights into the antifungal mechanism of CIN on *** and the maintenance of root quality,which contributes to the effcient use of CIN for controlling soft rot in sweet potato.

关键词： Ipomoea batatas soft rot cinnamaldehyde antifungal mechanism transcriptome