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Review of Networked Microgrid Protection:Architectures,Challenges,Solutions,and Future Trends

CSee Journal of Power and energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 448-467页

作者： Jorge de la Cruz Ying Wu john e.candelo-becerra Juan C.Vasquez Josep M.Guerrero Center for Research on Microgrids(CROM) Department of Energy TechnologyAalborg University9220 AalborgDenmark Facultad de Minas Departamento de Energia Eléctrica y AutomaticaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaSede MedellinCarrera 80 No.65-223RobledoMedellin 050041Colombia. Center for Research on Microgrids at UPC(UPC CROM) Department of Electronic EngineeringTechnical University of Catalonia(UPC)08019 Barcelona Spain ICReA Pg.Lluis Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain Center for Research on Microgrids at AAU(AAU CROM) AAU EnergyAalborg University(AAU)9220 Aalborg EastDenmark

Design and selection of advanced protection schemes have become essential for reliable and secure operation of networked microgrids.Various protection schemes that allow correct operation of microgrids have been proposed for individual systems in different topologies and connections.Nevertheless,protection schemes for networked microgrids are still in devel-opment,and further research is required to design and operate advanced protection in interconnected systems.Interconnection of these microgrids in different nodes with various intercon-nection technologies increases fault occurrence and complicates protection operation.This paper aims to point out challenges in developing protection for networked microgrids,potential solutions,and research areas that need to be addressed for their development.First,this article presents a systematic analysis of different microgrid clusters proposed since 2016,including several architectures of networked microgrids,operation modes,components,and utilization of renewable sources,which have not been widely explored in previous review papers.Second,the paper presents a discussion on protection systems currently available for microgrid clusters,current challenges,and solutions that have been proposed for these systems.Finally,it discusses the trend of protection schemes in networked microgrids and presents some conclusions related to implementation.IndexTerms—Adaptive eprotection,microgrid cluster,microgrid,multiple microgrid,networked microgrid,real-time simulation,smart grid.

关键词： Adaptive eprotection microgrid cluster microgrid multiple microgrid networked microgrid real-time simulation smart grid

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Modelling of phosphorus accumulation in an aeroponic coriander crop

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological engineering 2022年第6期15卷 73-79页

作者： Alejandro Rincón Santamaría john e.candelo-becerra Fredy e.Hoyos Velasco Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollos Tecnológicos y Ambientales-GIDTA Facultad de Ingeniería y ArquitecturaUniversidad Católica de Manizales170002 ManizalesColombia Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Biotecnología Agroindustrial-GIMIBAG Instituto de Investigación en Microbiología y Biotecnología AgroindustrialFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Católica de Manizales170002 ManizalesColombia Department of electrical energy and Automation Faculty of MinesUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaSede MedellínMedellín 050041AntioquiaColombia

A model was developed for phosphorus(P)concentration over time in a closed aeroponic coriander culture.In addition,the setting and starting up of the soilless culture is described,and the measurements of electrical conductivity(eC),pH and concentration of major ions in the mixing tank are provided.By using mass balance principles,the dynamics of the nutrient concentration in the mixing tank and in the drainage solution are stated.Two series of continuous stirred tank reactors are considered for the flow structure,using a power law relationship to represent the rate of nutrient removal,considering water volume changes.Phosphorus concentration measurements were used for model fitting,and the resulting simulation is in good agreement with data.

关键词： aeroponic culture hydroponics soilless culture nutrient modelling Coriander sativum

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Growing arugula plants using aeroponic culture with an automated irrigation system

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological engineering 2020年第3期13卷 52-56页

作者： Jhon D.Ríos Salazar john e.candelo-becerra Fredy e.Hoyos Velasco escuela de Física Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaSede MedellínColombia Departamento de energía eléctrica y Automática Facultad de MinasUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaSede MedellínColombia

The paper presents an efficient form of growing arugula plants by means of automatic control of an aeroponic culture irrigation system.The system considers a reprogrammable electronic circuit that uses software to generate different irrigation cycles to obtain an adequate growth of arugula crops.Results show how different samples grown in a greenhouse had the same growth behavior as field-grown samples during the test period.It was possible to obtain a more efficient and sustained five-week production to supply consumers by having a continuous cycle irrigation system,which was operated for 35 d.The growth and number of leaves were maintained in a similar way for different plants analyzed.Roots grow similarly,but some of them showed size differences during the five weeks.

关键词： aeroponic culture arugula plants food production irrigation systems smart system

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Immunotherapy of gastric cancer:Present status and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第8期30卷 779-793页

作者： john K Triantafillidis Manousos M Konstadoulakis Apostolos e Papalois Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit “Metropolitan General”HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece.Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece Second Department of Surgery University of Athens School of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528AtticaGreece Unit of Surgical Research and Training Second Department of SurgeryUniversity of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528AtticaGreece

In this editorial,we comment on the article entitled“Advances and key focus areas in gastric cancer immunotherapy:A comprehensive scientometric and clinical trial review(1999-2023),”which was published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology.We focused on the results of the authors’bibliometric analysis concerning gastric cancer immunotherapy,which they analyzed in depth by compiling the relevant publications of the last 20 years.Before that,we briefly describe the most recent data concerning the epidemiological parameters of gastric cancer(GC)in different countries,attempting to give an interpretation based on the etiological factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of the neoplasm.We then briefly discuss the conservative treatment(chemotherapy)of the various forms of this malignant neoplasm.We describe the treatment of resectable tumors,locally advanced neoplasms,and unresectable(advanced)cases.Special attention is given to modern therapeutic approaches with emphasis on immunotherapy,which seems to be the future of GC treatment,especially in combination with chemotherapy.There is also a thorough analysis of the results of the study under review in terms of the number of scientific publications,the countries in which the studies were conducted,the authors,and the scientific centers of origin,as well as the clinical studies in progress.Finally,an attempt is made to draw some conclusions and to point out possible future directions.

关键词： Gastric cancer Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors Bibliometrics Scientometrics

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Combination treatment of inflammatory bowel disease:Present status and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第15期30卷 2068-2080页

作者： john K Triantafillidis Constantinos G Zografos Manousos M Konstadoulakis Apostolos e Papalois Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit "Metropolitan General"HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology 354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece The 2^(nd)Department of Surgery University of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece Unit of Surgical Research and Training The 2^(nd)Department of SurgeryUniversity of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece

The treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),especially those with severe or refractory disease,represents an important challenge for the clinical gastroenterologist.It seems to be no exaggeration to say that in these patients,not only the scientific background of the gastroenterologist is tested,but also the abundance of“gifts”that he should possess(insight,intuition,determ-ination,ability to take initiative,etc.)for the successful outcome of the treatment.In daily clinical practice,depending on the severity of the attack,IBD is treated with one or a combination of two or more pharmaceutical agents.These combin-ations include not only the first-line drugs(e.g.,mesalazine,corticosteroids,antibiotics,etc)but also second-and third-line drugs(immunosuppressants and biologic agents).It is a fact that despite the significant therapeutic advances there is still a significant percentage of patients who do not satisfactorily respond to the treatment applied.Therefore,a part of these patients are going to surgery.In recent years,several small-size clinical studies,reviews,and case reports have been published combining not only biological agents with other drugs(e.g.,immunosuppressants or corticosteroids)but also the combination of two biologi-cal agents simultaneously,especially in severe cases.In our opinion,it is at least a strange(and largely unexplained)fact that we often use combinations of drugs in a given patient although studies comparing the simultaneous administration of two or more drugs with monotherapy are very few.As mentioned above,there is a timid tendency in the literature to combine two biological agents in severe cases unresponsive to the applied treatment or patients with severe extraintestinal manifestations.The appropriate dosage,the duration of the administration,the suitable timing for checking the clinical and laboratory outcome,as well as the treatment side-effects,should be the subject of intense clinical research shortly.In this editorial,we attempt to summarize the existing d

关键词： Biologics for immune-mediated conditions Dual-targeted treatment Combination treatment Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s

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Latest updates on structure and recommendations of cardiac rehabilitation programs in chronic heart failure

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第8期12卷 1382-1387页

作者： Christos Kourek Alexandros Briasoulis Dimitrios e Magouliotis john Skoularigis Andrew Xanthopoulos Medical School of Athens National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 15772Greece Department of Clinical Therapeutics Alexandra HospitalFaculty of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11528Greece Department of Surgery University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41110Greece of Cardiology University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41110Greece

Chronic heart failure(HF)is a clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mor-tality worldwide.Cardiac rehabilitation(CR)is a medically supervised program designed to maintain or improve cardiovascular health of people living with HF,recommended by both American and european guidelines.A CR program con-sists of a multispecialty group including physicians,nurses,physiotherapists,trainers,nutritionists,and psychologists with the common purpose of improving functional capacity and quality of life of chronic HF patients.Physical activity,lifestyle,and psychological support are core components of a successful CR program.CR has been shown to be beneficial in all ejection fraction categories in HF and most patients,who are stable under medication,are capable of participating.An individualized exercise prescription should be developed on the basis of a baseline evaluation in all patients.The main modalities of exercise training are aerobic exercise and muscle strength training of different intensity and frequency.It is important to set the appropriate clinical outcomes from the beginning,in order to assess the effectiveness of a CR program.There are still significant limitations that prevent patients from participating in these programs and need to be solved.A significant limitation is the generally low quality of research in CR and the presence of negative trials,such as the rehabilitation after myocardial infarction trial,where comprehensive rehabilitation following myocardial infraction had no important effect on mortality,morbidity,risk factors,or health-related quality of life or activity.In the present editorial,we present all the updated knowledge and recommendations in CR programs.

关键词： Cardiac rehabilitation Heart failure Outcomes exercise protocols Prescription Future perspectives Limitations

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early-onset gastrointestinal cancer:An epidemiological reality with great significance and implications

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 583-597页

作者： john K Triantafillidis Konstantinos Georgiou Manousos M Konstadoulakis Apostolos e Papalois Department of IBD and GI endoscopy Metropolitan General HospitalHolargos 15562AthensGreece.Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece 2nd Department of Surgery University of Athens School of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece

During the last few years,epidemiological data from many countries suggest that the incidence and prevalence of many cancers of the digestive system are shifting from the older to the younger ages,the so-called“early-onset cancer”.This is particularly evident in colorectal cancer and secondarily in other malignant digestive neoplasms,mainly stomach and in a lesser degree pancreas,and biliary tract.It should be emphasized that data concerning digestive neoplasms,except for those referring to the colon and stomach,could be characterized as rather insufficient.The exact magnitude of the shift in younger ages is expected to become clearer shortly,as long as relevant epidemiological data from many parts of the world would be available.The most important question concerns the etiology of this phenomenon,since its magnitude cannot be explained solely by the better diagnostic methodology and the preventive programs applied in many countries.The existing data support the assumption that a number of environ-mental factors may play a primary role in influencing carcinogenesis,sometimes from childhood.Changes that have appeared in the last decades related mainly to eating habits,consistency of gut microbiome and an increase of obese people interacting with genetic factors,ultimately favor the process of carcinogenesis.even these factors however,are not entirely sufficient to explain the age-related changes in the frequency of digestive neoplasms.Studies of the individual effect of each of the already known factors or factors likely to be involved in the etiology of this phenomenon and studies using state-of-the-art technologies to accurately determine the degree of the population exposure to these factors are required.In this article,we attempt to describe the epidemiological data supporting the age-shifting of digestive malignancies and their possible pathogenesis.Finally,we propose some measures regarding the attitude of the scientific community to this alarming phenomenon.

关键词： Gastrointestinal cancer endoscopy epidemiology early-onset environment

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A holistic approach to improving safety for battery energy storage systems

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 422-439页

作者： James Close Jonathan e.Barnard Y.M.john Chew Semali Perera Department of Chemical engineering Centre for DigitalManufacturing&DesignUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK ioMosaic International Limited 16-18 Queen SquareBath BA12HNUK

The integration of battery energy storage systems(BeSS)throughout our energy chain poses concerns regarding safety,especially since batteries have high energy density and numerous BeSS failure events have occurred.Wider spread adoption will only increase the prevalence of these failure events unless there is a step change in the management and design of BeSS.To understand the causes of failure,the main challenges of BeSS safety are summarised.BeSS consequences and failure events are discussed,including specific focus on the chain of events causing thermal runaway,and a case study of a BeSS explosion in Surprise Arizona is analysed.Based on the technology and past events,a paradigm shift is required to improve BeSS safety.In this review,a holistic approach is proposed.This combines currently adopted approaches including battery cell testing,lumped cell mathematical modelling,and calorimetry,alongside additional measures taken to ensure BeSS safety including the requirement for computational fluid dynamics and kinetic modelling,assessment of installation level testing of the full BeSS system and not simply a single cell battery test,hazard and layers of protection analysis,gas chromatography,and composition testing.The holistic approach proposed in this study aims to address challenges of BeSS safety and form the basis of a paradigm shift in the safety management and design of these systems.

关键词： energy storagesystems Process safety Battery safety Thermal safety

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Development and characterization of 3D-printed electroconductive pHeMA-co-MAA NP-laden hydrogels for tissue engineering

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 262-276页

作者： Sara De Nitto Aleksandra Serafin Alexandra Karadimou Achim Schmalenberger john J.eMulvihill Maurice N.Collins DIBRIS Polytechnic Inter-School Section University of Genoa16126 GenoaItaly School of engineering Bernal InstituteUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland School of Natural Sciences Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland Health Research Institute University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland AMBeR University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland

Tissue engineering(Te)continues to be widely explored as a potential solution to meet critical clinical needs for diseased tissue replacement and tissue regeneration.In this study,we developed a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)(pHeMA-co-MAA)based hydrogel loaded with newly synthesized conductive poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)(PeDOT)and polypyrrole(PPy)nanoparticles(NPs),and subsequently processed these hydrogels into tissue engineered constructs via three-dimensional(3D)printing.The presence of the NPs was critical as they altered the rheological properties during printing.However,all samples exhibited suitable shear thinning properties,allowing for the development of an optimized processing window for 3D printing.Samples were 3D printed into pre-determined disk-shaped configurations of 2 and 10 mm in height and diameter,respectively.We observed that the NPs disrupted the gel crosslinking efficiencies,leading to shorter degradation times and compressive mechanical properties ranging between 450 and 550 kPa.The conductivity of the printed hydrogels increased along with the NP concentration to(5.10±0.37)×10^(−7)S/cm.In vitro studies with cortical astrocyte cell cultures demonstrated that exposure to the pHeMA-co-MAA NP hydrogels yielded high cellular viability and proliferation rates.Finally,hydrogel antimicrobial studies with staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria revealed that the developed hydrogels affected bacterial growth.Taken together,these materials show promise for various Te strategies.

关键词： Conductive nanoparticles Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HeMA) Ultraviolet(UV)polymerization 3D printing

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Older Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:energy costs of human activities in adults aged 60 and older

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： erik A.Willis Stephen D.Herrmann Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht Tiago V.Barreira john M.Schuna Jr. Zhenghua Cai Minghui Quan Scott A.Conger Wendy J.Brown Barbara e.Ainsworth Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Science Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of exercise&Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).Methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(MeT)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(PubMed,embase,SPORTDiscus(eBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older adults.MeT values were computed as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divided by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MeT_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older adults.Results:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 PAs.From these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding MeT_(60+)values for older adults.We developed a website to present the OA Compendium MeT_(60+)values:https://pacompendium.com.Conclusion:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older adults.It is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find MeT_(60+)values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.

关键词： energy expenditure exercise MeT Older adults

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