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A stability e.aluation me.hod for de.p-se.te. toppling in the.uppe. Lancang rive.,Southwe.te.n China

Journal of Rock Me.hanics and Ge.te.hnical e.gine.ring 2024年第7期16卷 2388-2410页

作者： Yibing Ning Huiming Tang Jianbing Pe.g Yanjun She. john V.Smith Boche.g Zhang Colle.e.of Ge.logical e.gine.ring and Ge.matics Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China Acade.y of Ye.low Rive. Scie.ce. of Shaanxi Province Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China Badong National Obse.vation and Re.e.rch Station of Ge.hazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China School of e.gine.ring RMIT UniversityMelbourne3001Australia

De.p-se.te. toppling in the.uppe. re.che. of the.Lancang Rive.,southwe.t China involve. de.ormations e.ce.ding 100 m in *** slope.de.ormation is initiate. by rive. downcutting and e.olve. distinctive.characte.istics with a de.th of rive. *** this study,we.propose.a syste. for e.aluating the.stability of de.p-se.te. topple. slope. in diffe.e.t e.olutionary *** syste. contains ide.tification crite.ia for e.ch e.olutionary stage.and provide. the.corre.ponding stability e.aluation *** on the.me.hanical and kine.atic analysis of slope.blocks,the.spe.ific stage.of slope.move.e.t can be.ide.tifie. in the.fie.d through outcrop mapping,in situ te.ts,surface.displace.e.t monitoring,and adit and bore.ole.*** stability e.aluation me.hods are.e.tablishe. base. on the.limiting e.uilibrium the.ry and the.strain compatibility be.we.n the.undisturbe. zone.and the.topple. ***,se.e.al sample.slope. in diffe.e.t e.olution stage. have.be.n inve.tigate. to ve.ify the.applicability and accuracy of the.propose. stability e.aluation *** re.ults indicate.that inte.se.te.tonic activity and rapid rive. incision le.d to a maximum principal stre.s ratio e.ce.ding 10 ne.r the.slope.surface.thus trigge.ing wide.pre.d toppling de.ormations along the.rive. *** conside.ing the.losse. of joint cohe.ion during the.furthe. rotation proce.s,the.safe.y factor of the.slope.drops by 7%e.8%.The.se.f-stabilization of toppling de.ormation can be.re.ognize. by the.laye. symme.ry configuration afte. the.fre. rotation of the.de.le.te. *** topple. rock blocks mainly suffe. sliding failure. be.ond the.laye. symme.ry *** factor of safe.y of the.K73 rockslide.de.re.se. from 1.17 to 0.87 by conside.ing the.de.e.opme.t of the.pote.tial sliding surface.and the.toe.aturate. zone.

关键词： Stability e.aluation De.p-se.te. toppling e.olutionary proce.s Re.e.voir impoundme.t Rock slope

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Carbon Supply and the.Re.ulation of Ce.l Wa Synthe.is

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Mole.ular Plant 2018年第1期11卷 75-94页

作者： Jana Ve.bancic john e.ward lunn Mark Stitt Staffan Pe.sson Max Planck Institute.of Mole.ular Plant Physiology Am Muhlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany School of Bioscie.ce. University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia

All plant ce.ls are.surrounde. by a ce.l wall that de.e.mine. the.dire.tionality of ce.l growth and prote.ts the.ce.l against its e.vironme.t. Plant ce.l walls are.comprise. primarily of polysaccharide. and re.re.e.t the.large.t sink for photosynthe.ically fixe. carbon, both for individual plants and in the.te.re.trial biosphe.e.as a whole. Ce.l wall synthe.is is a highly sophisticate. proce.s, involving multiple.e.zyme. and me.abolic inte.me.iate., intrace.lular trafficking of prote.ns and ce.l wall pre.ursors, asse.bly of ce.l wall polyme.s into the.e.trace.lular matrix, re.ode.ing of polyme.s and the.r inte.actions, and re.ycling of ce.l wall sugars. In this re.ie. we.discuss how ne.ly fixe. carbon, in the.form of UDP-glucose.and othe. nucle.tide.sugars, contribute. to the.synthe.is of ce.l wall polysaccharide., and how ce.l wall synthe.is is influe.ce. by the.carbon status of the.plant, with a focus on the.mode. spe.ie. Arabidopsis （Arabidopsis thaliana）.

关键词： carbon availability ce.l walls nucle.tide.sugars sucrose.synthase

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Stability Inve.tigation and Improve.e.t for DC Cascade.Syste.s with Simplifie. Impe.ance.base. Stability Crite.ion

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CSe. Journal of Powe. and e.e.gy Syste.s 2024年第3期10卷 1044-1052页

作者： Junbin Fang Zhikang Shuai Yang Li Zhibing Wang Xiangyang Wu Xia She. Z.john She. Colle.e.of e.e.trical and Information e.gine.ring Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Re.e.able.e.e.gy De.artme.t of China e.e.tric Powe. Re.e.rch Institute Beijing 100192China De.artme.t of e.e.trical and Compute. e.gine.ring Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIL 60616USA Ie.e

In DC distribute. powe. syste.s(DPSs),the.comple. impe.ance.inte.actions possibly le.d to DC bus voltage.oscillation or *** pre.ious re.e.rch,the.stability analysis of DPSs is imple.e.te. base. on mathe.atical analysis in control *** spe.ific me.hanisms of the.instability of the.cascade.syste. have.not be.n intuitive.y *** this pape.,the.stability analysis of DPSs base. on the.traditional Nyquist crite.ion is simplifie. to the.re.onance.analysis of the.se.ie.conne.te. port impe.ance.Z=R+jX)of source.and load *** re.e.ls that the.e.se.tial re.son for impe.ance.instability of a DC cascade.syste. is that the.ne.ative.damping characte.istic(Re.port the.ove.all impe.ance.amplifie. the.inte.nal re.onance.source.at re.ctance.ze.o-crossing *** simplifie. stability crite.ion for DC cascade.syste.s can be.conclude. as:in the.ne.ative.damping fre.ue.cy range.(Re.e.e.ists no ze.o-crossing point of the.re.ctance.compone.t(i.e.,X=0).According to the.propose. stability crite.ion,the.oscillation mode. of cascade.syste.s are.classifie..A typical one.is the.inte.nal impe.ance.instability e.cite. by the.ne.ative.damping,and the.othe. one.is that the.e.te.nal disturbance.amplifie. by ne.ativity in a low stability ***,the.impe.ance.re.haping me.hod for stability improve.e.t of the.syste. can be.furthe. *** validity of the.simplifie. crite.ion is ve.ifie. the.re.ically and e.pe.ime.tally by a positive.damping re.haping me.hod.

关键词： DC cascade. syste.,impe.ance.mode. impe.ance.re.onstruction stability crite.ion

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Ne. Re.ord Oce.n Te.pe.ature. and Re.ate. Climate.Indicators in 2023

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Advance. in Atmosphe.ic Scie.ce. 2024年第6期41卷 1068-1082页

作者： Lijing CHe.G john ABRAHAM Ke.in e.TRe.Be.TH Tim BOYe. Michae. e.ANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANG Fujiang YU Ricardo LOCARNINI john FASULLO Fe. ZHe.G Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Liying WAN Xingrong CHe. Dakui WANG Liche.g Fe.G Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Franco Re.e.He.TI Simona SIMONCe.LI Viktor GOURe.SKI Ge.gxin CHe. Ale.e. MISHONOV Jim Re.GAN Karina VON SCHUCKMANN Yuying PAN Zhe.ao TAN Yujing ZHU Wangxu We. Guanche.g LI Qiuping Re. Lijuan CAO Yayang LU Inte.national Ce.te. for Climate.and e.vironme.t Scie.ce. Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Unive.sity of St.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesota 55105USA NSF National Ce.te. for Atmosphe.ic Re.e.rch BoulderColorado 80307USA Unive.sity of Auckland Auckland 1010New Zealand National Oce.nic and Atmosphe.ic Administration National Centers for Environmental InformationSilver SpringMaryland 20910USA De.artme.t of e.rth and e.vironme.tal Scie.ce University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA Institute.of Oce.nology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China National Marine.e.vironme.tal Fore.asting Ce.te. Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaBeijing 100081China Oce.nographic Data Ce.te. Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Colle.e.of Oce.nography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China National Marine.Data and Information Se.vice Tianjin 300171China Italian National Age.cy for Ne. Te.hnologie. Energy and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentS.Teresa Research CenterLerici 19032Italy Istituto Nazionale.di Ge.fisica e.Vulcanologia Sede di BolognaBologna 40128Italy South China Se. Institute.of Oce.nology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China e.SIC/CISe.S-MD University of MarylandCollege ParkMD20740USA Me.cator Oce.n Inte.national Toulouse 31400France e.o-e.vironme.tal Monitoring and Re.e.rch Ce.te. Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment AdministrationMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentPRCGuangzhou 510611China National Me.e.rological Information Ce.te. China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Inte.national Re.e.rch Ce.te. of Big Data for Sustainable.De.e.opme.t Goals Beijing 100094China

The.global physical and bioge.che.ical e.vironme.t has be.n substantially alte.e. in re.ponse.to incre.se. atmosphe.ic gre.nhouse.gase. from human *** 2023,the.se. surface.te.pe.ature.SST)and uppe. 2000 m oce.n he.t conte.t(OHC)re.che. re.ord *** 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 e.ce.de. that of 2022 by 15±10 ZJ(1 Ze.ta Joule.=1021 Joule.)(update. IAP/CAS data);9±5 ZJ(NCe./NOAA data).The.Tropical Atlantic Oce.n,the.Me.ite.rane.n Se.,and southe.n oce.ns re.orde. the.r highe.t OHC obse.ve. since.the.*** with the.onse. of a strong e. Niño,the.global SST re.che. its re.ord high in 2023 with an annual me.n of~0.23℃ highe. than 2022 and an astounding>0.3℃ above.2022 value. for the.se.ond half of *** de.sity stratification and spatial te.pe.ature.inhomoge.e.ty inde.e. re.che. the.r highe.t value. in 2023.

关键词： oce.n he.t conte.t salinity stratification global warming climate

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Olde. Adult Compe.dium of Physical Activitie.:e.e.gy costs of human activitie. in adults age. 60 and olde.

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Journal of Sport and He.lth Scie.ce 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： e.ik A.Willis Ste.he. D.He.rmann Mary Haste.t Che.se. L.Kracht Tiago V.Barre.ra john M.Schuna Jr. Zhe.ghua Cai Minghui Quan Scott A.Conge. We.dy J.Brown Barbara e.Ainsworth Ce.te. for He.lth Promotion and Dise.se.Pre.e.tion University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Ce.te. for Me.abolism and Obe.ity Re.e.rch The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and We.ght Manage.e.t Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Scie.ce.Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA e.e.cise.Scie.ce.De.artme.t Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of e.e.cise.Sport Scie.ce Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of e.e.cise.and He.lth Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China De.artme.t of Kine.iology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human Move.e.t and Nutrition Scie.ce. The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of He.lth Scie.ce. and Me.icine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia Colle.e.of He.lth Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose.To de.cribe.the.de.e.opme.t of a Compe.dium for e.timating the.e.e.gy costs of activitie. in adults>60 ye.rs(OA Compe.dium).Me.hods:Physical activitie.(PAs)and the.r me.abolic e.uivale.t of task(Me.)value. we.e.obtaine. from a syste.atic se.rch of studie. publishe. in 4 sport and e.e.cise.database.(PubMe.,e.base.SPORTDiscus(e.SCOhost),and Scopus)and a re.ie. of article. include. in the.2011 Adult Compe.dium that me.sure. PA in olde. *** value. we.e.compute. as the.oxyge. cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divide. by 2.7 m L/kg/min(Me._(60+))to account for the.lowe. re.ting me.abolic rate.in olde. ***:We.ide.tifie. 68 article. and e.tracte. e.e.gy e.pe.diture.data on 427 *** the.e.we.de.ive. 99 unique.Spe.ific Activity code. with corre.ponding Me._(60+)value. for olde. *** de.e.ope. a we.site.to pre.e.t the.OA Compe.dium Me._(60+)value.:https://***:The.OA Compe.dium use. data colle.te. from adults>60 ye.rs for more.accurate.e.timation of the.e.e.gy cost of PAs in olde. *** is an acce.sible.re.ource.that will allow re.e.rche.s,e.ucators,and practitione.s to find Me._(60+)value. for olde. adults for use.in PA re.e.rch and practice.

关键词： e.e.gy e.pe.diture e.e.cise Me. Olde. adults

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Cronkhite.Canada Syndrome.an unusual finding of gastro-inte.tinal ade.omatous polyps in a syndrome.characte.ize. by hamartomatous polyps

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Gastroe.te.ology Re.ort 2015年第3期3卷 254-257页

作者： Christophe. M.Flanne.y john A.lunn De.artme.t of Gastroe.te.ology Loma Linda University Medical CenterLoma LindaCAUSA De.artme.t of Gastroe.te.ology Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System Loma LindaCAUSA

Cronkhite.Canada syndrome.is a rare.hamartomatous polyposis syndrome.of unknown *** gastrointe.tinal polyps,alope.ia,onychodystrophy,cutane.us hype.pigme.tation,abdominal pain,diarrhe.,and complications of we.ght loss are.typical of the.*** this re.ort,we.de.cribe.a pathological finding of colonic ade.omatous polyposis as oppose. to hamartomatous *** also de.cribe.our tre.tme.t,long-te.m the.ape.tic plan,and the.ne.d for furthe. re.e.rch.

关键词： Cronkhite.Canada syndrome gastro-inte.tinal ade.omatous polyps hamartomatous polyps

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2024 Adult Compe.dium of Physical Activitie.:A third update.of the.e.e.gy costs of human activitie.

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Journal of Sport and He.lth Scie.ce 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Ste.he. D.He.rmann e.ik A.Willis Barbara e.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barre.ra Mary Haste.t Che.se. L.Kracht john M.Schuna Jr. Zhe.ghui Cai Minghui Quan Catrine.Tudor-Locke.Me.icia C.Whitt-Glove. David R. Jacobs Jr. Kansas Ce.te. for Me.abolism and Obe.ity Re.e.rch University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and We.ght Manage.e.t Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Ce.te. for He.lth Promotion and Dise.se.Pre.e.tion University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Colle.e.of He.lth Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of e.e.cise.and He.lth Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China e.e.cise.Scie.ce.De.artme.t Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Scie.ce. Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of e.e.cise.and Sport Scie.ce Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Colle.e.of He.lth and Human Se.vice. University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Grame.cy Re.e.rch Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Division of e.ide.iology and Community He.lth School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The.Compe.dium of Physical Activitie. was publishe. in 1993 to improve.the.comparability of e.e.gy e.pe.diture.value. assigne. to se.f-re.orte. physical activity(PA)across *** original ve.sion was update. in 2000,and again in 2011,and has be.n wide.y use. to support PA re.e.rch,practice.and public he.lth ***:This 2024 update.was tailore. for adults 19-59 ye.rs of age.by re.oving data from those.60 *** a syste.atic re.ie. and supple.e.tary se.rche.,we.ide.tifie. ne. activitie. and the.r associate. me.sure. me.abolic e.uivale.t(Me.)value.(using indire.t calorime.ry)publishe. since.*** re.lace. e.timate. Me.s with me.sure. value. whe. ***:We.scre.ne. 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-te.t pape.s and e.tracte. 2356 PA e.e.gy e.pe.diture.value. from 701 *** adde.303 ne. PAs and adjuste. 176 e.isting Me. value. and de.criptions to re.le.t the.addition of ne. data and re.oval of Me.s for olde. *** adde. a Major He.ding(Vide. Game.).The.2024 Adult Compe.dium include. 1114 PAs(912 with me.sure. and 202 with e.timate. value.)across 22 Major ***:This compre.e.sive.update.and re.ine.e.t le. to the.cre.tion of The.2024 Adult Compe.dium,which has utility across re.e.rch,public he.lth,e.ucation,and he.lthcare.domains,as we.l as in the.de.e.opme.t of consume. he.lth *** ne. we.site.with the.comple.e.lists of PAs and supporting re.ource. is available.at https://***.

关键词： Adults e.e.gy e.pe.diture e.e.cise Me. Physical Activitie.

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A parsimonious Baye.ian pre.ictive.mode. for fore.asting ne. re.orte. case. of We.t Nile.dise.se

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Infe.tious Dise.se.Mode.ling 2024年第4期9卷 1175-1197页

作者： Saman Hosse.ni Le. W.Cohnstae.t john M.Humphre.s Cate.ina Scoglio De.artme.t of e.e.trical and Compute. e.gine.ring Kansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA Fore.gn Arthropod-Borne.Animal Dise.se. Re.e.rch Unit National Bio-and Agro-de.e.se.Facility USDA ARSManhattanKSUSA Fore.gn Animal Dise.se.Re.e.rch Unit National Bio-and Agro-defense FacilityUSDA ARSManhattanKSUSA

Upon re.e.rching pre.ictive.mode.s re.ate. toWe.t Nile.virus dise.se.it is discove.e. that the.e.are.nume.ous parame.e.s and e.te.sive.information in most mode.s,thus contributing to unne.e.sary *** challe.ge.fre.ue.tly e.counte.e. is the.le.d time.which re.e.s to the.pe.iod for which pre.ictions are.made.and ofte. is too *** pape. addre.se. the.e.issue. by introducing a parsimonious me.hod base. on ICC curve.,offe.ing a logistic distribution mode. de.ive. from the.ve.tor-borne.Se.R *** e.isting mode.s re.ying on dive.se.e.vironme.tal data,our approach e.clusive.y utilize. historical and pre.e.t infe.te. human case.(numbe. of ne. case.).With a ye.rlong le.d time.the.pre.ictions e.te.d throughout the.12 months,gaining pre.ision as ne. data *** conditions are.de.ive. to minimize.Baye.ian loss,e.hancing pre.ictive.*** construct a Baye.ian fore.asting probability de.sity function using care.ully se.e.te. prior *** the.e.functions,we.pre.ict monthspe.ific infe.tions nationwide.rigorously e.aluating accuracy with probabilistic ***,HPD cre.ible.inte.vals at 90%,95%,and 99%le.e.s is *** asse.sme.t is conducte. for HPD inte.vals,me.suring the.proportion of inte.vals that doe. not include.actual re.orte. case. for 2020e.022.

关键词： We.t nile.virus ICC curve Baye.ian mode. Logistic distribution HPD cre.ible.inte.val

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Use.of infrare. the.mography to de.e.t re.ctions to stre.sful e.e.ts:doe. animal pe.sonality matte.?

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Inte.rative.Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 224-239页

作者： Maria Vittoria MAZZAMUTO Marina MORANDINI William LAMPMAN Lucas Armand WAUTe.S Damiano PRe.TONI john Lad KOPROWSKI Adriano MARTINOLI School of Natural Re.ource. and e.vironme.t College of Agriculture and Life ScienceUniversity of ArizonaArizonaUSA Unitàdi Analisi e.Ge.tione.de.le.Risorse.Ambie.tali Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e ApplicateGuido Tosi Research GroupUniversitàdegli Studi dell’InsubriaVareseItaly Haub School of e.vironme.t and Natural Re.ource. University of WyomingWyomingUSA

The.study of the.re.ationship be.we.n animal stre.s and pe.sonality for fre.-ranging animals is limite. and provide. contrasting *** pe.ce.tion of stre.sors by an individual may vary due.to its pe.sonality,and ce.tain pe.sonality traits may he.p individuals to be.te. cope.with *** non-invasive.infrare. the.mography(IRT),we.inve.tigate. the.link be.we.n physiological and be.avioral compone.ts e.pre.se. during an acute.stre.s e.e.t by fre.-ranging Fre.ont’s squirre.s(Tamiasciurus fre.onti).We.e.pe.te. that,during the.acute.stre.s e.e.t of be.ng approache. by the.re.e.rche.,individuals that showe. a fast pace.of-life.syndrome.bolde.,more.active.and le.s social/more.aggre.sive.base. on an are.a te.t would e.hibit stronge. sympathe.ic-adre.al-me.ullary syste. re.ctivity showing a more.inte.se.stre.s-induce. hype.the.mia(high core.body te.pe.ature.and low pe.iphe.al te.pe.ature.than individuals with a slow pace.of life.shy,le.s active.and more.social).We.succe.sfully e.ploye. IRT te.hnology to image. of Fre.ont’s squirre.s with ide.tification of the.individuals’body parts(e.e.nose.e.r,hind foot).Howe.e.,we.found no support for our ***’body surface.te.pe.ature. told us more.about a squirre.’s e.te.nal e.vironme.t and le.s about the.the.mal state.of the.body in that e.vironme.t following a stre.sful *** studie. ne.d to asse.s how to make.IRT e.fe.tive.and e.ficie.t in the.fie.d and improve.its pe.formance.in studying the.re.ationships be.we.n physiology and pe.sonality in wildlife.

关键词： non-invasive.me.hod ope. fie.d te.t physiology stre.s-induce. hype.the.mia Tamiasciurus fre.onti

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Asse.sme.t of the.pe.formance.of the.TOPGNSS and ANN-MB ante.nas for ionosphe.ic me.sure.e.ts using low-cost u-blox GNSS re.e.ve.s

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Ge.de.y and Ge.dynamics 2024年第3期15卷 291-301页

作者： Danie. Okoh Ade.onke.Obafaye.Oluwake.i Dare.Idowu Babatunde.Rabiu Anton Kashche.e. Claudio Ce.aroni john Bosco Habarule.a Bruno Nava Unite. Nations African Re.ional Ce.tre.for Space.Scie.ce.and Te.hnology e.ucation-e.glish(UN-ARCSSTe.e. Obafemi Awolowo University CampusIle IfeNigeria National Institute.for Ge.physics and Volcanology(INGV) 00143 RomeItaly Institute.for Space.Scie.ce.and e.gine.ring African University of Science and TechnologyAbujaNigeria Unive.sity of Ne. Brunswick FrederictonCanada South African National Space.Age.cy(SANSA) P.O Box 32Hermanus 7200South Africa De.artme.t of Physics and e.e.tronics Rhodes University6140 MakhandaSouth Africa The.Abdus Salam Inte.national Ce.tre.for The.re.ical Physics Strada Costiera11I-34151 TriesteItaly

Low-cost GNSS re.e.ve.s have.re.e.tly be.n gaining re.iability as good candidate. for ionosphe.ic studie.. In line.with the.e.gains are.ge.uine.conce.ns about improving the.pe.formance.of the.e.re.e.ve.s. In this work, we.pre.e.t a compre.e.sive.inve.tigation of the.pe.formance. of two ante.nas(the.u-blox ANN-MB and the.TOPGNSS TOP-106) use. on a low-cost GNSS re.e.ve. known as the.u-blox Ze.-F9P. The.two ante.nas we.e.installe. on two ide.tical and co-locate. u-blox re.e.ve.s. Data use. from both re.e.ve.s cove. the.pe.iod from January to June.2022. Re.ults from the.study indicate.that the.signal stre.gths are.dominantly gre.te. for the.re.e.ve. with the.TOPGNSS ante.na than for the.re.e.ve. with the.ANN-MB ante.na, implying that the.TOPGNSS ante.na is be.te. than the.ANN-MB ante.na in te.ms of providing gre.te. signal stre.gths. Summarily, the.TOPGNSS ante.na also pe.forme. be.te. in minimizing the.occurre.ce.of cycle.slips on phase.Te. me.sure.e.ts. The.e.are.no conspicuous diffe.e.ce. be.we.n the.variance.(compute. as 5-min standard de.iations) of phase.Te. me.sure.e.ts for the.two ante.nas, e.ce.t for a pe.iod around May-June.whe. the.TOPGNSS gave.a be.te. pe.formance.in te.ms of minimizing the.variance. in phase.Te.. Re.arkably, the.ANN-MB ante.na gave.a be.te. pe.formance.than the.TOPGNSS ante.na in te.ms of minimizing the.variance. in pse.dorange.Te. for some.sate.lite.obse.vations. For pre.ise.horizontal(North and e.st) positioning, the.re.e.ve. with the.TOPGNSS ante.na gave.be.te. re.ults, while.the.re.e.ve. with the.ANN-MB ante.na gave.be.te. ve.tical(Up) positioning. The.e.rors for the.re.e.ve.s of both ante.nas are.typically within about 5 m(the.monthly me.n was usually smalle. than 1 m) in the.horizontal dire.tion and within about 10 m(the.monthly me.n was usually smalle. than 4 m) in the.ve.tical dire.tion.

关键词： GNSS Ionosphe.e Low-cost Ante.na TOPGNSS U-blox

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