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Deriving big geochemical data from high-resolution remote sensing data via machine learning:Application to a tailing storage facility in the Witwatersrand goldfields

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Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences 2023年第1期4卷 9-21页

作者： Steven e.Zhang Glen T.Nwaila Julie e.Bourdeau Yousef Ghorbani emmanuel john M.Carranza Natural Resources Canada Geological Survey of Canada601 Booth StreetOttawaOntarioK1A 0E8Canada Wits Mining Institute WMI University of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag 32050WitsSouth Africa Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLuleåUniversity of TechnologySE 97187LuleåSweden School of Chemistry University of LincolnJoseph Banks LaboratoriesGreen LaneLincolnLincolnshireLN67DLUnited Kingdom Department of Geology University of the Free State205 Nelson Mandela DrBloemfontein9301South Africa

Remote sensing data is a cheap form of surficial geoscientific data,and in terms of veracity,velocity and volume,can sometimes be considered big *** spatial and spectral resolution continues to improve over time,and some modern satellites,such as the Copernicus Programme’s Sentinel-2 remote sensing satellites,offer a spatial resolution of 10 m across many of their spectral *** abundance and quality of remote sensing data combined with accumulated primary geochemical data has provided an unprecedented opportunity to inferentially invert remote sensing data into geochemical *** ability to derive geochemical data from remote sensing data would provide a form of secondary big geochemical data,which can be used for numerous downstream activities,particularly where data timeliness,volume and velocity are *** benefactors of secondary geochemical data would be environmental monitoring and applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in geochemistry,which currently entirely relies on manually derived data that is primarily guided by scientific ***,it permits the usage of well-established data analysis techniques from geochemistry to remote sensing that allows useable insights to be extracted beyond those typically associated with strictly remote sensing data ***,no generally applicable and systematic method to derive chemical elemental concentrations from large-scale remote sensing data have been documented in *** this paper,we demonstrate that fusing geostatistically-augmented geochemical and remote sensing data produces an abundance of data that enables a more generalized machine learning-based geochemical data *** use gold grade data from a South African tailing storage facility(TSF)and data from both the Landsat-8 and Sentinel remote sensing *** show that various machine learning algorithms can be used given the abundance of training ***,we are able t

关键词： Remote sensing Big geochemical data Machine learning Tailing storage facilities Witwatersrand Basin Dry labs

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Comparative outcomes of Inferior Vena Cava filters placed at bedside using digital radiography versus conventional fluoroscopy

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Journal of Interventional Medicine 2021年第3期4卷 139-142页

作者： john A.Walker Matthew Milam Jorge e.Lopera Department of Radiology University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTexasUSA Department of Medicine Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA

Purpose:To retrospectively assess the outcomes of Inferior Vena Cava(IVC)filters placed in critically ill patients in the ICU at bedside using digital radiograph(DR)guidance with previous cross-sectional imaging for planning,compared to IVC filters placed by conventional fluoroscopy(CF).Method and materials:The cohort consisted of 129 IVC filter placements;48 placed at bedside and 81 placed conventionally from July 2015 to September *** demographics,indication,radiation exposures,access site,procedural duration,dwell time,and complications were identified by the *** Filter positioning with measurements of tip to renal vein distance and lateral filter tilt were performed when cavograms or post placement CTs were available for *** analysis was performed using Stata IC ***:Technical success of the procedure was 100% in both *** duration was longer at the bedside lasting 14.5+/-10.2 versus 6.7+/-6.0 min(pe bedside DR group had a median radiation exposure of 25 mGy(15-35)and the CF group had mean radiation exposure of 256.94 mGy+/-*** was no significant difference in distance of IVC tip to renal vein(p=0.31),mispositioning(p=0.59),degree of filter tilt(p=0.33),or rate of complications(p=0.65)between the two ***:IVCF placement at the bedside using DR is comparable to CF with no statistical difference in outcomes based on IVCF positioning,degree of lateral tilt or removal *** decreased radiation dose,but with overall increased procedural time.

关键词： Inferior vena cava filters Pulmonary embolism Deep venous thrombosis

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Photoacoustic detection of circulating melanoma cells in late stage patients

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2020年第6期3卷 47-54页

作者： john A.Viator Marc Hazur Andrea Sajewski Ahmad Tarhini Martin e.Sanders Robert H.edgar Department of engineering Duquesne University 600 Forbes Avenue PittsburghPennsylvania 15282USA Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh 3700 O'Hara Street PittsburghPA 15260USA Moffitt Comprehensive Cancer Center and Research Institute 10920 McKinley Drive TampaFlorida 33612USA Acousys Biodevices Inc 1777 Highland Drive Ann ArborMichigan 48108USA

Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer and is responsible for over 7000 deaths in the US *** spread of cancer,or metastasis,is responsible for these deaths,as secondary tumors interrupt normal organ *** tumor cells,or those cells that spread throughout the body from the primary tumor,are thought to be responsible for *** developed an optical method,photoacoustic flow cytometry,in order to detect and enumerate circulating melanoma cells(CMCs)from blood samples of *** tested the blood of StageⅣmelanoma patients to show the ability of the photoacoustic flow cytometer to detect these rare cells in *** then tested the system on archived blood samples from StageⅢmelanoma patients with known outcomes to determine if detection of CMCs can predict future *** detected between 0 and 66 CMCs in StageⅣ*** the StageⅢstudy,we found that of those samples with CMCs,two remained disease free and five developed *** those without CMCs,six remained disease free and one developed *** believe that photoacoustic detection of CMCs provides valuable information for the prediction of metastasis and we postulate a system for more accurate prognosis.

关键词： Diagnosis metastasis optoacoustics

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ecological correlates of invasion impact for Burmese pythons in Florida

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第3期7卷 254-270页

作者： Robert N.ReeD john D.WILLSON Gordon H.RODDA Michael e.DORCAS US Geological Survey Fort Collins Science CenterFort CollinsColorado Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginia Department of Biology Davidson CollegeDavidsonNorth CarolinaUSA

An invasive population of Burmese pythons(Python molurus bivittatus)is established across several thousand square kilometers of southern Florida and appears to have caused precipitous population declines among several species of native *** has this giant snake had such great success as an invasive species when many established reptiles have failed to spread?We scored the Burmese python for each of 15 literature-based attributes relative to predefined comparison groups from a diverse range of taxa and provide a review of the natural history and ecology of Burmese pythons relevant to each *** focused on attributes linked to spread and magnitude of impacts rather than establishment *** results suggest that attributes related to body size and generalism appeared to be particularly applicable to the Burmese python’s success in *** attributes with the highest scores were:high reproductive potential,low vulnerability to predation,large adult body size,large offspring size and high dietary ***,attributes of ectotherms in general and pythons in particular(including predatory mode,energetic efficiency and social interactions)might have also contributed to invasion *** establishment risk assessments are an important initial step in prevention of new establishments,evaluating species in terms of their potential for spreading widely and negatively impacting ecosystems might become part of the means by which resource managers prioritize control efforts in environments with large numbers of introduced species.

关键词： body size Burmese python Florida invasive species Python molurus

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Characterizing drought in California:new drought indices and scenario-testing in support of resource management

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ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： Lorraine e.Flint Alan L.Flint john Mendoza Julie Kalansky F.M.Ralph U.S.Geological Survey 6000 J.StSacramentoCA 95819USA Sonoma County Water Agency 404 Aviation Dr.Santa RosaCA 95403USA Scripps Institution of Oceanography 9500 Gilman Dr.La JollaCA 92093USA

Introduction:California’s recent drought(2012–2016)has implications throughout the state for natural resource management and adaptation planning and has generated many discussions about drought characterization and *** study characterizes drought conditions with two indices describing deficits in natural water supply and increases in landscape stress developed on the basis of water balance modeling,at a fine spatial scale to assess the variation in conditions across the entire state,and provides an in-depth evaluation for the Russian River basin in northern California to address local resource management by developing extreme drought scenarios for consideration in planning and ***:We employed the USGS Basin Characterization Model to characterize drought on the basis of water supply(a measure of recharge plus runoff)and landscape stress(climatic water deficit).These were applied to the state and to the Russian River basin where antecedent soil moisture conditions were evaluated and extreme drought scenarios were developed and run through a water management and reservoir operations model to further explore impacts on water ***:Drought indices indicated that as of the end of water year 2016 when reservoirs were full,additional water supply and landscape replenishment of up to three average years of precipitation in some locations was needed to return to normal *** soil conditions in the Russian River were determined to contribute to very different water supply results for different years and were necessary to understand to anticipate proper watershed response to *** drought scenarios manifested very different kinds of drought and recovery and characterization helps to guide the management response to ***:These scenarios and indices illustrate how droughts differ with regard to water supply and landscape stress and how long warm droughts recover much more slowly than short very dry dro

关键词： California drought Russian River Water supply Basin Characterization Model

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Soil enzyme Activities and Organic Matter Composition Affected by 26 Years of Continuous Cropping

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Pedosphere 2016年第5期26卷 618-625页

作者： Fugen DOU Alan L.WRIGHT Rao S.MYLAVARAPU JIANG Xianjun john e.MATOCHA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Beaumont BeaumontTX 77713(USA) University of Florida Indian River Research&Education CenterFt.PierceFL 34945(USA) University of Florida Soil&Water Science Dept.GainesvilleFL 32611(USA) Southwest University College of Resources and EnvironmentChongqing(China) Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension CenterCorpus ChristiTX 78406(USA)

The study was to determine the long-term effects of subtropical monoculture and rotational cropping systems and fertilization on soil enzyme activities and soil C, N, and P levels. Cropping systems included continuous sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.), cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn(Zea mays L.), and cotton/sorghum rotations after 26 years of treatment imposition. Soil under continuous sorghum and continuous corn had 15% and 11%, respectively, greater C concentrations than soil under continuous *** C was 10% higher at 0–7.5 cm than at 7.5–15 cm. Total N followed similar trends with soil depth as organic C. Continuous sorghum had 19% higher total N than other crop species and rotations. With fertilization, continuous cotton had the highest total P at 0–7.5 cm and sorghum had the highest at 7.5–15 cm. Soil total P was 14% higher at 0–7.5 than at 7.5–15 cm, and fertilization increased 15% total P compared to unfertilized soil. Arylsulfatase, alkaline phosphatase, and β-d-glucosidase activity were the highest for sorghum and the lowest for cotton. Rotation increased enzyme activities compared to continuous cotton but not for continuous sorghum. Of all crop species and rotations, continuous cotton generally showed the lowest levels of organic matter and enzyme activities after 26 years. Fertilization significantly increased the yields for all cropping systems, but rotation had no significant effect on either sorghum or cotton lint yield compared to each crop grown in monoculture. Long-term cropping did not increase soil organic matter levels beyond short-term gains, indicating the difficulty in promoting C sequestration in subtropical soils.

关键词： C sequestration fertilization monoculture rotation subtropical soil

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The ocean response to climate change guides both adaptation and mitigation efforts

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2022年第4期15卷 58-66页

作者： john Abraham Lijing Cheng Michael e.Mann Kevin Trenberth Karina vonSchuckmann University of St.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesotaUSA Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science Penn StatePennsylvaniaUSA National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCOUSA Mercator Ocean International ToulouseFrance University of Auckland AucklandNew Zealand

The ocean’s thermal inertia is a major contributor to irreversible ocean changes exceeding time scales that matter to human *** fact is a challenge to societies as they prepare for the consequences of climate change,especially with respect to the *** the authors review the requirements for human actions from the ocean’s *** the near term(∼2030),goals such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)will be *** longer times(∼2050–2060 and beyond),global carbon neutrality targets may be met as countries continue to work toward reducing *** adaptation and mitigation plans need to be fully implemented in the interim,and the Global Ocean Observation System should be sustained so that changes can be continuously *** the longer-term(after∼2060),slow emerging changes such as deep ocean warming and sea level rise are committed to continue even in the scenario where net zero emissions are ***,climate actions have to extend to time scales of hundreds of *** these time scales,preparation for“high impact,low probability”risks—such as an abrupt showdown of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation,ecosystem change,or irreversible ice sheet loss—should be fully integrated into long-term planning.

关键词： Global change Ocean Time scale Climate adaptation and mitigation Climate action High impact low probability

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Climate change effects on rangelands and rangeland management:affirming the need for monitoring

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ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第3期3卷 1-14页

作者： Daniel W.McCollum john A.Tanaka Jack A.Morgan john e.Mitchell William e.Fox Kristie A.Maczko Lori Hidinger Clifford S.Duke Urs P.Kreuter Rocky Mountain Research Station USDAForest Service240 W.Prospect RoadFort CollinsColorado 80526 USA James C.Hageman Sustainable Agriculture Research and extension Center University of WyomingDept 33541000 E.University AvenueLaramieWyoming 82071 USA USDA ARS Rangelands Resources Research Unit8408 Hildreth RoadCheyenneWyoming 82009 USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Ecosystem Science&Management720 E.Blackland RoadTempleTexas 76502 USA Consortium for Science Policyand OutcomesArizona State UniversityPO Box 875603TempeArizona 85287 USA ecological Society of America 1990 M StreetNWSuite 700WashingtonD.C.20036 USA ecosystem Science and Management Texas A&M University2138 TAMUCollege StationTexas 77843 USA

Uncertainty as to the extent and magnitude of changes in conditions that might occur due to climate change poses a problem for land and resource managers as they seek to adapt to changes and mitigate effects of climate *** illustrate using scenarios of projected future conditions on rangelands in the Northern Great Plains and Desert Southwest of the United *** two regions are different in the ways climate change is projected to affect the *** of a longer and warmer growing season in the Northern Great Plains could lead to increased forage production and land *** uncertain effects on summer monsoons that primarily control rangeland productivity in the Desert Southwest,combined with the possibility of more intense and/or frequent drought events,could present land managers with challenges stemming from decreased forage production and land *** projections,though uncertain,provide land managers with basic insight into future conditions they might *** need more.A focus on vulnerability and resilience,with explicit recognition of interactions between ecological and socio-economic factors,coupled with systematic monitoring and assessment of observable conditions on the land to supplement information based on climate projections,will more effectively provide critical and specific information managers need to adaptively manage rangelands under uncertain climate futures.

关键词： adaptive management climate change indicators monitoring rangelands resilience uncertainty vulnerability

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Decomposing the drivers of residential space cooling energy consumption in eU-28 countries using a panel data approach

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energy and Built environment 2020年第4期1卷 432-442页

作者： Andreas Andreou john Barrett Peter G.Taylor Paul e.Brockway Zia Wadud Sustainability Research Institute School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK Low Carbon energy Research Group School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK Spatial Modelling and Dynamics Research Group Institute for Transport StudiesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

While space cooling currently represents less than 1%of final energy use in the residential sector of the euro-pean Union(eU-28),it was the fastest growing end-use during the 2000-15 period with a mean annual growth rate of 6%per ***,little is known about factors which have driven regional air-conditioning(AC)energy consumption over time,since the literature is limited to cross-sectional studies that lack differentiation between climatic and non-climatic *** projections for the eU’s electricity sector may therefore neglect the potential implications of rapidly growing AC *** develop a novel decomposition framework,which breaks down residential space cooling energy consumption in eU-28 countries into the effect of different components from 2000 to *** is extended to panel data models identifying specific drivers of space cooling’s climate-sensitive ***,we explore scenarios of residential AC energy consumption up to 2050 and evaluate their impact on summer time peak *** diffusion was found to be the key driver of space cooling energy consumption,but this effect was partly counterbalanced by efficiency *** weather influences AC equipment ownership rate in eU-28 households,personal income has a larger marginal *** baseline scenarios,AC diffusion saturates by 2050,while modestly increasing sectoral final energy ***,our range of scenario values for space cooling energy consumption in 2050 exceed the majority of those originat-ing from recently published *** a future renewables-driven electricity system,energy security risks may emerge from a scenario of fast AC up-take in new and renovated buildings,especially for colder european countries where modelled peak cooling electricity demand is shown to outgrow the projected expansion of solar *** findings have important implications for the eU’s strategy to decarbonise energy supply.

关键词： Space cooling AC diffusion Decomposition analysis Panel data model Peak demand

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MOD-Net:A Machine Learning Approach via Model-Operator-Data Network for Solving PDes

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Communications in Computational Physics 2022年第7期32卷 299-335页

作者： Lulu Zhang Tao Luo Yaoyu Zhang Weinan e Zhi-Qin john Xu Zheng Ma Institute of Natural Sciences and School of Mathematical Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China School of Mathematical Sciences and Institute of Natural Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityCMA-ShanghaiShanghai200240China MOe-LSC and Qing Yuan Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology Shanghai200031China School of Mathematical Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China AI for Science Institute Beijing100080China

In this paper,we propose a machine learning approach via model-operatordata network(MOD-Net)for solving PDes.A MOD-Net is driven by a model to solve PDes based on operator representationwith regularization *** linear PDes,we use a DNN to parameterize the Green’s function and obtain the neural operator to approximate the solution according to the Green’s *** train the DNN,the empirical risk consists of the mean squared loss with the least square formulation or the variational formulation of the governing equation and boundary *** complicated problems,the empirical risk also includes a fewlabels,which are computed on coarse grid points with cheap computation cost and significantly improves the model ***,the labeled dataset works as a regularization in addition to the model *** MOD-Net solves a family of PDes rather than a specific one and is much more efficient than original neural operator because few expensive labels are *** numerically show MOD-Net is very efficient in solving Poisson equation and one-dimensional radiative transfer *** nonlinear PDes,the nonlinear MOD-Net can be similarly used as an ansatz for solving nonlinear PDes,exemplified by solving several nonlinear PDe problems,such as the Burgers equation.

关键词： Deep neural network radiative transfer equation Green’s method neural operator

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