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Electrical stimulation and denervated muscles after spinal cord injury

Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1397-1407页

作者： Subhalakshmi Chandrasekaran john davis Ines Bersch Gary Goldberg Ashraf S.Gorgey Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical CenterRichmondVAUSA Swiss Paraplegic Centre NottwilSwitzerland Institute of Clinical Sciences Department of Orthopedics at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Electrodiagnostic Center Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical CenterRichmondVAUSA

Spinal cord injury(SCI)population with injury below T10 or injury to the cauda equina region is characterized by denervated muscles,extensive muscle atrophy,infiltration of intramuscular fat and formation of fibrous tissue.These morphological changes may put individuals with SCI at higher risk for developing other diseases such as various cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,obesity and osteoporosis.Currently,there is no available rehabilitation intervention to rescue the muscles or restore muscle size in SCI individuals with lower motor neuron denervation.We,hereby,performed a review of the available evidence that supports the use of electrical stimulation in restoration of denervated muscle following SCI.Long pulse width stimulation(LPWS)technique is an upcoming method of stimulating denervated muscles.Our primary objective is to explore the best stimulation paradigms(stimulation parameters,stimulation technique and stimulation wave)to achieve restoration of the denervated muscle.Stimulation parameters,such as the pulse duration,need to be 100–1000 times longer than in innervated muscles to achieve desirable excitability and contraction.The use of electrical stimulation in animal and human models induces muscle hypertrophy.Findings in animal models indicate that electrical stimulation,with a combination of exercise and pharmacological interventions,have proven to be effective in improving various aspects like relative muscle weight,muscle cross sectional area,number of myelinated regenerated fibers,and restoring some level of muscle function.Human studies have shown similar outcomes,identifying the use of LPWS as an effective strategy in increasing muscle cross sectional area,the size of muscle fibers,and improving muscle function.Therefore,displaying promise is an effective future stimulation intervention.In summary,LPWS is a novel stimulation technique for denervated muscles in humans with SCI.Successful studies on LPWS of denervated muscles will help in translating this stimulation technique to the clinical leve

关键词： denervation DXA electrical stimulation LMN injury LPWS MRI spinal cord injury stimulation parameters

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Comparison of aerosol optical depth of UV-B Monitoring and Research Program （UVMRP）, AERONET and MODIS over continental United States

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2013年第2期7卷 129-140页

作者： Hongzhao TANG Maosi CHEN john davis Wei GAO USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80521 USA Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins C-O 80521 USA

The concern about the role of aerosols as to their effect in the Earth-Atmosphere system requires observation at multiple temporal and spatial scales. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiameters （MODIS） is the main aerosol optical depth （AOD） monitoring satellite instrument, and its accuracy and uncertainty need to be validated against ground based measurements routinely. The comparison between two ground AOD measurement programs, the United States Department of Agriculture （USDA） Ultmviolet-B Monitoring and Research Program （UVMRP） and the Aerosol Robotic Network （AERONET） program, confirms the consistency between them. The intercomparison between the MODIS AOD, the AERONET AOD, and the UVMRP AOD suggests that the UVMRP AOD measurements are suited to be an alternative ground-based validation source for satellite AOD products. The experiments show that the spatial-temporal dependency between the MODIS AOD and the UVMRP AOD is positive in the sense that the MODIS AOD compare more favorably with the UVMRP AOD as the spatial and temporal intervals are increased. However, the analysis shows that the optimal spatial interval for all time windows is defined by an angular subtense of around 1° to 1.25°, while the optimal time window is around 423 to 483 minutes at most spatial intervals. The spatial-temporal approach around 1.25° ＆ 423 minutes shows better agreement than the prevalent strategy of 0.25° ＆ 60 minutes found in other similar investigations.

关键词： aerosol optical depth （AOD） United States Department of Agriculture （USDA） UV-B Monitoring andResearch Program （UVMRP） Aerosol Robotic Network （AERONET） Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectmradiameters （MODIS） validation spatial-temporal approach

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The calibration methods for Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer： a review

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2013年第3期7卷 257-270页

作者： Maosi CHEN john davis Hongzhao TANG Carolyn OWNBY Wei GAO USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80521 USA Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80521 USA

The continuous, over two-decade data record from the Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer （MFRSR） is ideal for climate research which requires timely and accurate information of important atmospheric components such as gases, aerosols, and clouds. Except for parameters derived from MFRSR measurement ratios, which are not impacted by calibration error, most applications require accurate calibration factor（s）, angular correction, and spectral response function（s） from calibration. Although a laboratory lamp （or reference） calibration can provide all the information needed to convert the instrument readings to actual radiation, in situ calibration methods are implemented routinely （daily） to fill the gaps between lamp calibrations. In this paper, the basic structure and the data collection and pretreatment of the MFRSR are described. The laboratory lamp calibration and its limita- tions are summarized. The cloud screening algorithms for MFRSR data are presented. The in situ calibration methods, the standard Langley method and its variants, the ratio-Langley method, the general method, Alexandrov＇s comprehensive method, and Chen＇s multi-channel method, are outlined. The reason that all these methods do not fit for all situations is that they assume some properties, such as aerosol optical depth （AOD）, total optical depth （TOD）, precipitable water vapor （PWV）, effective size of aerosol particles, or angstrom coefficient, are invariant over time. These properties are not universal and some of them rarely happen. In practice, daily calibration factors derived from these methods should be smoothed to restrain elTor.

关键词： Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer （MFRSR） calibration review

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What & IF

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明日风尚 2013年第3期 122-133页

作者：晓琦 john davis Ron Arad工作室

有人说Ron Arad是一个神话,众多媒体给他冠上设计之父的称谓。他的家具、雕塑品是当代艺术市场最受瞩目的作品;在设计专业学生眼中,他是一个英雄,人人都想成为Ron Arad。Ron Arad 1951年出生在以色列的特拉维夫(Tel Aviv),他的父母都是... 详细信息

有人说Ron Arad是一个神话,众多媒体给他冠上设计之父的称谓。他的家具、雕塑品是当代艺术市场最受瞩目的作品;在设计专业学生眼中,他是一个英雄,人人都想成为Ron Arad。Ron Arad 1951年出生在以色列的特拉维夫(Tel Aviv),他的父母都是艺术家,良好的家庭氛围给了他先天的艺术滋养。1973年,他完成了在耶路撒冷Bezalel艺术设计学院的学业之后来到了伦敦,在众星云集的伦敦建筑联盟学院AA(Architectural Association)师从英国建筑师彼得·库克(Peter Cook)和瑞士建筑大师伯纳德·屈米(Bernard Tschumi),和如今叱咤建筑界的扎哈·哈迪德(Zaha Hadid)是同班同学。Ron Arad毕业于1979年,此后在一家建筑事务所短暂的打工经历坚定了Arad创建属于自己设计公司的信心。1981年,他与朋友合伙成立了名为‘One Off’的设计公司,1989年,他们在北伦敦的Chalk Farm重新成立了以Ron Arad名字命名的Ron Arad及合伙人设计事务所。与此同时。

关键词：设计工作室 IF What 哈迪德扎哈第一感薄钢板塑料应用产品设计领域伯纳德

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化学品生态毒性测试鱼类模式生物的应用与展望

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生态毒理学报 2017年第2期12卷 34-43页

作者：沈敏 Katherine Coady 董晶 john davis 胡璟柴运宙高仁君陶氏化学(中国)投资有限公司上海201203 陶氏化学公司美国米德兰48674 陶氏化学(中国)投资有限公司北京100738

水生生物毒性测试广泛应用于评估化学品的水生态环境安全,而鱼类生态毒性数据为水生生态风险评估与风险管理提供基础。本文总结了现有的鱼类水生毒性测试标准及常用的物种。阐述了常用水生鱼类模式生物,如斑马鱼Danio rerio、青鳉鱼Oryz... 详细信息

水生生物毒性测试广泛应用于评估化学品的水生态环境安全,而鱼类生态毒性数据为水生生态风险评估与风险管理提供基础。本文总结了现有的鱼类水生毒性测试标准及常用的物种。阐述了常用水生鱼类模式生物,如斑马鱼Danio rerio、青鳉鱼Oryzias latipes、黑头软口鲦Pimephales promelas等作为模式鱼类的特征及在生态毒性测试中的应用。环保部7号令推荐稀有鮈鲫Gobiocypris rarus作为中国本土生物在水生毒性测试中使用。目前公开发表的利用稀有鮈鲫的水生毒性研究多集中在急性毒性方面,对其他类型的研究如法规毒理相关的长期慢性毒性有待开展。

关键词：模式鱼类稀有鮈鲫斑马鱼青鳉鱼黑头软口鲦生态毒理测试

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打造跨越国界的品牌

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2012年

主讲人： john davis

在今天，在产品同质化的时代，现代企业要想做好销售提高销量，打造一个知名品牌是关键。那么，企业如何打造知名品牌?我们通过多年对“护身衣”这一知名品牌的打造，总结认为，要打造企业的知名品牌，产品力是第一要素。这其中，包括...

在今天，在产品同质化的时代，现代企业要想做好销售提高销量，打造一个知名品牌是关键。那么，企业如何打造知名品牌?我们通过多年对“护身衣”这一知名品牌的打造，总结认为，要打造企业的知名品牌，产品力是第一要素。这其中，包括如下三个方面。首先，产品是一切营销的起点，其次，产品品质决定品牌的价值，第三，要善于成为产品的第一顾客。

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Focal therapy for localized prostate cancer:is there a “middle ground” between active surveillance and definitive treatment?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第1期21卷 37-44页

作者： Cihan H Demirel Muammer Altok john W davis Department of Urology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas 77030USA.

In recent years,it has come a long way in the diagnosis,treatment,and follow-up of prostate cancer.Beside this,it was argued that definitive treatments could cause overtreatment,particularly in the very low,low,and favorable risk group.When alternative treatment and follow-up methods are being considered for this group of patients,active surveillance is seen as a good alternative for patients with very low and low-risk groups in this era.However,it has become necessary to find other alternatives for patients in the favorable risk group or patients who cannot adopt active follow-up.In the light of technological developments,the concept of focal therapy was introduced with the intensification of research to treat only the lesioned area instead of treating the entire organ for prostate lesions though there are not many publications about many of them yet.According to the initial results,it was understood that the results could be good if the appropriate focal therapy technique was applied to the appropriate patient.Thus,focal therapies have begun to find their"middle ground"place between definitive therapies and active follow-up.

关键词： focal therapy multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging prostate biopsy prostate cancer prostatic neoplasms

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在室内模拟真实的地表结构变化——利用侵蚀实验模具实现科学与工程实践的有机结合

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中国科技教育 2014年第6期 32-39页

作者： Allison Goldberg john davis Karla Eitel 张奇美国科罗拉多州丹佛市McAuliffe国际学校美国爱达荷州Moscow的爱达荷大学美国爱达荷大学环境保护社会科学系爱达荷大学McCall户外科学学校中国科协青少年科技中心

在《新一代科学教育标准》中，科学概念与特定的科学、工程实践紧密相关（NGSS Lead States,2013;见“与《北一代科学教育标准》的关联”）。本文介绍的课堂活动把户外真实的自然现象带到了中学地球科学的课程中来，

关键词：科学教育标准工程实践结构变化模具实验侵蚀利用拟真

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Methodology for Risk-Based Prioritization for Chemical Assessment and Management Progra

Methodology for Risk-Based Prioritization for Chemical Asses...

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中国毒理学会第七次全国毒理学大会暨第八届湖北科技论坛

作者： Renjun Gao Jing Dong Summer Shen john davis Dow Chemical(China) Investment Company Limited The Dow Chemical Company

Risk-based prioritizations（RBPs） methodology is developed by US EPA and is qualitative evaluation that indicates whether the US EPA considers a high production volume（HPV） chemical or chemical category as a low,medium,or high priority for further assessment or risk management activities.This certainly can be leveraged to China to regulate the current existing chemicals.A chemical category is a group of chemicals whose physicochemical and toxicological properties are likely to be similar or follow a regular pattern as a result of structural similarity.These structural similarities may create a predictable pattern in any or all of the following parameters:physicochemical properties,environmental fate and environmental effects,and human health effects.RBPs are interim evaluations that neither constitutes a final Agency determination as to risk,nor a determination as to whether sufficient data are available to characterize risk.Each RBP decision is based on and contains a qualitative,screening-level hazard,exposure and risk characterization using data submitted to the Agency under the HPV Challenge Program,as well as data publicly available through other selected sources.These characterizations are intended only to support the prioritization decision and are not quantitative risk assessments.These characterizations indicate whether the hazard,exposure,and risk elements for each chemical or chemical category are low,medium,or high,according to the criteria or rationales developed for each element.Each RBP document has three sections:（1） the conclusion and rationale for the decision which includes subsections for the risk-based prioritization,the screening-level risk characterization,the screening-level hazard and exposure rankings,a summary of previous regulatory actions,and the assumptions and uncertainties used in making the prioritization decision;（2） the screening level hazard characterization;and（3） the screening-level exposure characterization.For RBP cases that are determined early in the process to have a low

关键词： Risk-based prioritization High Production Volume Chemical Management Chemical Assessment

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Prostate cancer upgrading or downgrading of biopsy Gleason scores at radical prostatectomy:prediction of"regression to the mean"using routine clinical features with correlating biochemical relapse rates

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第6期21卷 598-604页

作者： Muammer Altok Patricia Troncoso Mary F Achim Surena F Matin Graciela N Gonzalez john W davis Department of Urology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Pathology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Biostatistics University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA.

Recommendations for managing clinically localized prostate cancer are structured around clinical risk criteria,with prostate biopsy(PB)Gleason score(GS)being the most important factor.Biopsy to radical prostatectomy(RP)specimen upgrading/downgrading is welldescribed,and is often the ratio nale for costly imaging or genomic studies.We prese nt simple,no-cost an a lyses of clinical parametersto predict which GS 6 and GS 8 patients will change to GS 7 at prostatectomy.From May 2006 to December 2012,1590 patientsunderwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP).After exclusions,we identified a GS 6 cohort of 374 patients and a GS 8cohort of 91 patients.During this era,>1000 additional patients were enrolled in an active surveillanee(AS)program.For GS 6,265(70.9%)of 374 patients were upgraded,and the cohort included 183(48.9%)patients eligible for AS by the Prostate Cancer ResearchInternational Active Surveillance Study(PRIAS)standards,of which 57.9%were upgraded.PB features that predicted a>90%chanceof upgrading included≥7 cores positive,maximum foci length≥8 mm in any core,and total tumor involvement≥30%.For GS 8,downgrading occurred in 46(50.5%),which was significantly higher for single core versus multiple cores(80.4%vs 19.6%,P=0.011).Biochemical recurre nee(BCR)occurred in 3.4%of GS 6 upgraded versus 0%non upgraded,and in GS 8,19.6%downgraded versus42.2%nondown graded.In coun seling men with clin ically localized prostate can cer,the odds of GS cha nge should be presented,andcertain men with high-volume GS 6 or low-volume GS 8 can be counseled with GS 7-based recommendations.

关键词： biopsy down grade Gleas on score prostate cancer upgrade

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