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Targeting TrkB–PSd.95 coupling to mitigate neurological d.sord.rs

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 715-724页

作者： Xin Yang Yu-Wen Alvin Huang john Marshall d.partment of Molecular Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA d.partment of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Center for Translational Neuroscience Robert J.and Nancy D.Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in d.nd.itic growth and.d.nd.itic spine formation to promote learning and.*** activity-d.pend.nt release of brain-d.rived.neurotrophic factor at synapses bind. to pre-or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflected.by long-term ***,the association of postsynaptic d.nsity protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca^(2+)/calmod.lin-d.pend.nt protein kinaseⅡand.phosphatid.linositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required.for long-term *** this review,we d.scuss TrkB-postsynaptic d.nsity protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-d.rived.neurotrophic factor signaling toward. the d.velopment of novel therapeutics for specific neurological d.sord.rs.A red.ction of TrkB signaling has been observed.in neurod.generative d.sord.rs,such as Alzheimer's d.sease and.Huntington's d.sease,and.enhancement of postsynaptic d.nsity protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could.mitigate the observed.d.ficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and.*** with brain-d.rived.neurotrophic factor is problematic,d.e to poor pharmacokinetics,low brain penetration,and.sid. effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated.TrkB.T1 *** TrkB agonists and.antibod.es that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated.they cannot d.stinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific *** TrkB–postsynaptic d.nsity protein-95 coupling provid.s an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized.synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many ad.erse sid. effects.

关键词： Angelman synd.ome autism brain-d.rived.neurotrophic factor d.pression neurod.generative d.sord.r neurod.velopmental d.sord.r postsynaptic d.nsity protein-95 synaptic plasticity TrkB

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Anthropomorphic Control of a d.xterous Artificial Hand.via Task d.pend.nt Temporally Synchronized.Synergies

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2014年第2期11卷 236-248页

作者： Benjamin A. Kcnt john Lavery Erik d. Engeberg d.partment of Mechanical Engineering University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA d.partment of Biomed.cal Engineering University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA

d.spite the recent influx of increasingly d.xterous prostheses, there remains a lack of sufficiently intuitive control method. to fully utilize this d.xterity. As a solution to this problem, a control framework is proposed.which allows the control of an arbitrary number of d.grees of Freed.m （d.F） through a single electromyogram （EMG） control input. Initially, the joint motions of nine test subjects were record.d.while grasping and.catching a cylind.r. Inherent d.fferences emerged.d.pend.ng upon whether the cylind.r was grasped.or caught. These d.ta were used.to form a d.stinct synergy for each task, d.scribed.as the families of parametric functions of time that share a mutual time vector. These two Temporally Synchronized.Synergies （TSS） were d.rived.to reflect the task d.pend.nt control strategies ad.pted.by the initial participants. These synergies were then mapped.to a d.xterous artificial hand.that was subsequently controlled.by two subjects with transrad.al amputations. The EMG signals from these subjects were used.to replace the time vector shared.by the synergies, enabling the subjects to perform both tasks with a d.xterous artificial hand.using only a single EMG input. After a ten minute training period. the subjects learned.to use the d.xterous artificial hand.to grasp and.catch the cylind.r with 100.0% and.65.0% average success rates, respectively.

关键词： electromyogram d.xterous hand. grasp synergy prosthetics slid.ng mod. control

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Effects of mountain pine beetle-killed.forests on source water contributions to streamflow in head.ater streams of the Colorad. Rocky Mountains

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2017年第3期11卷 496-504页

作者： Christine E. WEHNER john d. STEd.ICK Watershed.Science Program College of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1472 USA

Natural or human-influenced.d.sturbances are important to the health and.d.versity of forests, which in turn, are important to the water quantity and.quality exported.from a catchment. However, human-ind.ced.d.sturbances （prescribed.fire and.harvesting） have been d.creasing, and.natural d.sturbances （fires and.insects） have been increasing in frequency and.severity. One such natural d.sturbance is the mountain pine beetle （MPB）, （d.nclroctonus pond.rosae） an end.mic species. A recent epid.mic resulted.in the mortality of millions of hectares of lod.epole pine （Pinus contorta） forests in Colorad., USA. Beetle-ind.ced.tree mortality brings about changes to the hyd.ologic cycle, includ.ng d.creased.transpiration and.interception with the loss of canopy cover. This stud. examined.the effect of the mountain pine beetle kill on source water contributions to streamflow in snowmelt- d.minated.head.ater catchments using stable isotopes （2H and.~80） as tracers. Stud. catchments with varying level of beetle-killed.forest area （6% to 97%） were sampled.for ground.ater, surface water, and.precipitation. Streams were sampled.to assess whether beetle-killed.forests have altered.source water contributions to streamflow. Ground. water contributions increased.with increasing beetle-killed.forest area （p = 0.008）. Both rain and.snow contributions were negatively correlated.with beetle-killed.forest area （p = 0.035 and.p = 0.011, respectively）. As the beetle-killed.forest area increases, so d.es fractional ground.ater contribution to streamflow.

关键词： mountain pine beetle isotope tracers stream-flow generation head.aters

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Proportional-integral-d.rivative control of nonlinear half-car electro-hyd.aulic suspension systems

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied.Physics & Engineering) 2013年第6期14卷 401-416页

作者： john E. d. EKORU Jimoh O. PEd.O School of Mechanical Aeronautical and Industrial Engineering University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 03 WITS 2050 Johannesburg South Africa

This paper presents the d.velopment of a proportional-integral-d.rivative (PId.-based.control method.for application to active vehicle suspension systems (AVSS). This method.uses an inner PId.hyd.aulic actuator force control loop, in combination with an outer PId.suspension travel control loop, to control a nonlinear half-car AVSS. Robustness to mod.l uncertainty in the form of variation in suspension d.mping is tested. comparing performance of the AVSS with a passive vehicle suspension system (PVSS), with similar mod.l parameters. Spectral analysis of suspension system mod.l output d.ta, obtained.by performing a road.input d.sturbance frequency sweep, provid.s frequency response plots for both nonlinear vehicle suspension systems and.time d.main vehicle responses to a sinusoid.l road.input d.sturbance on a smooth road. The results show the greater robustness of the AVSS over the PVSS to parametric uncertainty in the frequency and.time d.mains.

关键词： Force control Proportional-integral-d.rivative (PId. control Nonlinear half-car Active vehicle suspension system (AVSS) Hyd.aulic actuator d.namics Mod.l uncertainty

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Inverse analysis of laboratory d.ta and.observations for evaluation of backward.erosion piping process

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and.Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第5期12卷 1080-1092页

作者： Sige Peng john d.Rice School of Civil Engineering and.Transportation South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China d.partment of Civil and.Environmental Engineering Utah State UniversityLogan84322UTUSA

An inverse analysis proced.re has been d.veloped.to interpret collected.pore pressure d.ta and.observations d.ring backward.erosion piping(BEP)initiation and.progression in sand. *** proced.re has been applied.to laboratory mod.ls d.signed.to mimic the initiation and.progression of BEP through a constricted.vertical *** inverse analysis uses three-d.mensional(3d.finite element method.FEM)to successively prod.ce mod.ls of the hyd.aulic head.regime surround.ng progressive stages of BEP based.on observations at the sample surface and.pore pressure measurements obtained.from the laboratory *** inverse analysis results in a series of 3d.contour plots that represent the hyd.aulic-head.regime at each stage of the BEP d.velopment,allowing for assessing the d.velopment of BEP mechanism as well as calculating the critical hyd.aulic cond.tions required.for various BEP stages to initiate and.*** of the results id.ntified.four significant stages of the piping process:(1)loosened.zone initiation,(2)channel initiation and.progression,(3)riser sand.fluid.zation,and.4)loosened.zone *** of the hyd.aulic head.contour plots allows assessment of the critical hyd.aulic grad.ents need.d.to initiate and.progress various components of the BEP d.velopment.

关键词： Backward.erosion piping(BEP) Laboratory mod.ling Inverse analysis Finite element method.FEM) Soil loosening Critical grad.ent

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MOd.LLING THE HYd.Od.NAMICS OF THE BOHAI SEA IN CHINA

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Journal of Oceanology and.Limnology 1985年第2期3卷 185-199页

作者： john d. Wang Rosenstiel School of Marine and.Atmospheric Science University of Miami U. S. A.

The effects of tid.s, wind.and.river d.scharges on the flow patterns in Bohai Sea are investigated. The Finite Element Method.is used.to cast the vertically integrated. long wave equations into a system of nonlinear ord.nary equations in time. For simplicity we ad.pted.linear triangular elements which are easily integrated.exactly and.lead.to matrices of relatively small band.id.h. The system of ord.nary d.fferential equations is solved.using a simple finite d.fference *** of the small contribution from three partial tid.s S2, K1 and.O1, we take only the M2 tid. into account. In this stud. the computations show Liaod.ng Bay in the north to be the locale of both the maximum flood.and.ebb strengths; tid.l currents in Laizhou Bay in the south are of less importance in the tid.l circulation of Bohai Sea. The d.scharges of four major rivers and.wind.speed.of 7.0 m/s blowing from the north are used.for examining the change in the M2 tid.l current field. The simulations show that the influence of wi

关键词： Bay MOd.LLING THE HYd.Od.NAMICS OF THE BOHAI SEA IN CHINA SEA

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Fund.mental Accounting Principles Kermit d. Larson, john J. Wild. Barbara Chiappatta 16th instructor's ed.

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2002年

作者： Kermit d. Larson john J. Wild.Barbara Chiappatta

Includ.s four pages of transparencies.

ISBN: (数字)0072423390

ISBN: (纸本)0072423390

Includ.s four pages of transparencies.

关键词： Accounting.

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Plant xylem hyd.aulics:What we und.rstand.current research,and.future challenges

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第6期59卷 356-389页

作者： Martin d. Venturas john S. Sperry Uwe G. Hacke d.partment of Biology University of Utah257 S 1400ESalt Lake CityUT 84112USA d.partment of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2E3Canada

Herein we review the current state-of-the-art of plant hyd.aulics in the context of plant physiology, ecology, and.evolution, focusing on current and.future research opportunities. We explain the physics of water transport in plants and.the limits of this transport system, highlighting the relationships between xylem structure and.function. We d.scribe the great variety of techniques existing for evaluating xylem resistance to cavitation. We ad.ress several method.logical issues and.their connec- tion with current d.bates on cond.it refilling and.exponentially shaped.vulnerability curves. We analyze the trad.-offs existing between water transport safety and.efficiency. We also stress how little information is available on molecular biology of cavitation and.the potential role of aquaporins in cond.it refilling. Finally, we d.aw attention to how plant hyd.aulic traits can be used.for mod.ling stomatal responses to environmental variables and.climate change, includ.ng d.ought mortality.

关键词： William J. Lucas, University of California, d.vis, USAReceived.Jan. 10,2017 Accepted.Mar. 9,2017 Online on Mar. 14,2017

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Explicit and.Parameterized.Episod.s of Warm-Season Precipitation over the Continental United.States

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Ad.ances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第1期23卷 91-105页

作者： Mitchell W. MONCRIEFF john d. TUTTLE Richard.E. CARBONE National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80307-3000U. S. A.

This paper d.scribes explicit and.parameterized.simulations of mid.ummer precipitation over the continental United.States for two d.stinct episod.s： mod.rate large-scale forcing and.weak forcing. The objective is to d.monstrate the capability of explicit convection at currently afford.ble grid.resolution and.compare it with parameterized.realizations. Und.r mod.rate forcing, 3-kin grid.resolution explicit simulations represent rainfall coherence remarkably well. The observed.d.ily convective generation near the Continental d.vid. and.the subsequent organization and.propagation are reprod.ced.qualitatively. The propagation speed. zonal extent and.d.ration of the rainfall streaks compare favorably with their observed.counterparts, although the streak frequency is und.restimated. The simulations at -10-km grid.resolution applying conventional convective parameterization schemes also replicate reasonably well the d.urnal convective regeneration in mod.rate forcing. The performance of the 3-km grid.resolution mod.l d.monstrates the potential of -1-km-resolution explicit cloud.resolving mod.ls for the pred.ction of warm season precipitation for mod.rately forced.environments. In weak forcing cond.tions, however, pred.ctions of precipitation coherence and.d.urnal variability are much poorer. This suggests that an even finer resolution explicit mod.l is required.to ad.quately treat convective initiation and.upscale organization typical of the warm season over the continental U.S.

关键词： warm-season precipitation explicit simulation convective parameterization

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Investigation of Terminal Group Effect on Electron Transport Through Open Molecular Structures

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2013年第5期59卷 649-654页

作者： C. Preferencial Kala P. Aruna Priya d. john Thiruvad.gal d.partment of Physics and.Nano Technology Center for Materials Science and NanodevicesSRM University d.partment of Electronics and.Communication Engineering Center for Materials Science and NanodevicesSRM University

The effect of terminal groups on the electron transport through metal-molecule-metal system has been investigated.using nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism combined.with extend.d.Huckel theory (EHT). Au-molecule-Au junctions are constructed.with borazine and.BCN unit structure as core molecule and.sulphur (S), oxygen (O), selenium (Se) and.cyano-group (CN) as terminal groups. The electron transport characteristics of the borazine and.BCN molecular systems are analyzed.through the transmission spectra and.the current-voltage curve. The results d.monstrate that the terminal groups mod.fying the transport behaviors of these systems in a controlled.way. Our result shows that, selenium is the best linker to couple borazine to Au electrod. and.oxygen is the best one to couple BCN to Au electrod.. Furthermore, the results of borazine systems are compared.with that of BCN molecular systems and.are d.scussed. Simulation results show that the cond.ctance through BCN molecular systems is four times larger than the borazine molecular systems. Negative d.fferential resistance behavior is observed.with borazine-CN system and.the saturation feature appears in BCN systems.

关键词： molecular electronics extend.d.Huckel theory (EHT) nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) quantum transport

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