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Importance of Quaternary research to society

Episodes 2008年第2期31卷 203-206页

作者： john J. Clague Cenlre for Natural Hazard Research Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada V5A 1S6

The Quaternary Period, although only an instant in the 4.5 billion year expanse of geologic time, is disproportionately important because it is the interval during which humans evolved and because it includes the present. Events of the Quaternary are preserved in sediments, ice sheets, and landforms with a greater degree of completeness and temporal resolution than those of any earlier period of comparable length. Studies of these historical and environmental archives continue to provide the essential context that allows scientists to evaluate what is happening with Earth＇s climate today and to clarify our vulnerability to hazardous natural processes, for example earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic eruptions, floods, and landslides.

关键词：地质学科学研究第四纪地质年代

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SERVICE VALUE NETWORKS: VALUE, PERFORMANCE AND STRATEGY FOR THE SERVICES INDUSTRY

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Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2004年第4期13卷 469-489页

作者： john HAMILTON James Cook University Cairns Australia 4870

Services may be investigated from many perspectives. They encapsulate over 65% of global business, yet many gaps in the services knowledge base exist – particularly from areas including information technology, operational, customer targeting, and services provision. This research investigates an emerging and truly disruptive business scenario – the service value network, from a marketing, an operations and services approach. The service value network is defined as the flexible, dynamic, delivery of a service, or product, by a business’s coordinated value chains (supply chains and demand chains working in harmony), such that a value-adding, specific, service solution is effectively, and efficiently, delivered to the individual customer. The ‘physical and virtual service value network customer – business encounter model’ is developed. Impediments to the development of a service value networks are investigated. Eight key areas related to website customer encounters are offered as investigation areas. The customer ‘touch-points’ across the virtual service encounter offers a raft of new research possibilities and possible new pathways to competitive advantage. Approaches to measure service network encounter effectors are explained. Current and future areas of business research are described. This paper frames the research agenda for service value networks.

关键词： Service value networks services web services value network virtual service encounter balanced scorecard customer performance

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Evaluating Southern Appalachian Forest Dynamics without Eastern Hemlock: Consequences of Herbivory by the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

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Open Journal of Forestry 2014年第2期4卷 91-99页

作者： Andrew G. Birt Yu Zeng Maria D. Tchakerian Robert N. Coulson Charles W. Lafon David M. cairns john Waldron Weimin Xi Szu-Hung Chen Douglas A. Street Department of Biological and Health Sciences Texas A&M University-Kingsville Kingsville USA Department of Environmental Studies University of West Florida Pensacola USA Department of Geography Texas A&M University College Station USA Knowledge Engineering Laboratory Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station USA Southern Research Station US Forest Service Alexandria Forestry Center Pineville USA

Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis Carriére) and the Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana Engelmann) are ecologically important tree species in eastern North America forests that are currently threatened by the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA, Adelges tsugae Annand, Hemiptera: Adelgidae). HWA has spread rapidly from its original introduction site into new areas. Once present, HWA kills its hosts over a period of 4 to 10 years leading to a phenomenon that is known scientifically and colloquially as hemlock decline. To date, quarantine, chemical management, and biocontrol efforts have failed to curb the spread of the HWA. As such, forest management efforts are now being redirected towards developing an understanding of the effects of hemlock removal on vegetation dynamics, changes in forest composition, and changes in ecosystem function. In this study, we parameterize a spatially explicit landscape simulation model LANDIS II for a specific forested region of the southern Appalachians. Parameterization involves defining the life-history attributes of 37 tree species occupying 11 ecological zones and is based on knowledge of: current vegetation composition data, recent historic management and fire regimes, and life-history traits of each species. The parameterized model is used to explore a simple scenario of catastrophic hemlock mortality likely to occur as a result of HWA herbivory. Our results emphasize that hemlock is an important foundation species. When hemlock is removed from the system, forest composition changes considerably with a greater presence of shade intolerant pine and oak species. Additionally, hemlock removal leads to a period of transient, relatively unstable vegetation dynamics as the forest communities restructure.

关键词： Hemlock Forest Dynamics LANDIS II Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Southern Appalachian

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The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Holocene Series/Epoch （Quaternary System/Period） in the NGRIP ice core

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Episodes 2008年第2期31卷 264-267页

作者： Mike Walker Sigfus johnsen Sune Olander Rasmussen Jorgen-Peder Steffensen Trevor Popp Philip Gibbard Wim Hoek john Lowe john Andrews Svante Bjorck Les Cwynar Konrad Hughen Peter Kershaw Bernd Kromer Thomas Litt David J. Lowe Takeshi Nakagawa Rewi Newnham Jakob Schwander Department of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Wales Lampeter Wales SA48 7ED UK. Centre for Ice and Climatel The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Juliane Maries Vej 30 DK2100 Copenhagen Denmark. Stable Isotope Laboratory Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder Co 80302 USA. Department of Geography University of Cambridge Downing Place Cambridge CB2 3EN UK. Department-of Physical Geography University of Utrecht Heidelberglaan 2 3508 TC Utrecht The Netherlands. Department of Geography Royal Holloway University of London Egham Surrey TW20 0EX UK. Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Campus Box 450 Boulder Co 80309 USA. GeoBiosphere Science Centre Quaternary Sciences Lund University S/51veg 12 SE-223 62 Lund Sweden. Department of Biology University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada E3B 6E1. Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA 02543 USA. School of Geography and Environmental Science Monash University Victoria 3800 Australia. Heidelberg Academy of Sciences University of Heidelberg 1NF 229 D-69120 Heidelberg Germany. Institute for Palaeontology University of Bonn Nussallee 8 D-53115 Bonn Germany. Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences University of Waikato Private Bag 3105 Hamilton New Zealand. Department of Geography University of Newcastle Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE 1 7RU UK. School of Geography University of Plymouth Drake Circus Plymouth PIA 8AA UK. Climate and Environmental Physics Physics Institute University of Bern Sidlerstrasse 5 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland.

The Greenland ice core from NorthGRIP （NGRIP） contains a proxy climate record across the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary of unprecedented clarity and resolution. Analysis of an array of physical and chemical parameters within the ice enables the base of the Holocene, as reflected in the first signs of climatic warming at the end of the Younger Dryas/Greenland Stadial 1 cold phase, to be located with a high degree of precision.

关键词：地球全新世第四纪地质时代周期

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Health and immunisation services for the urban poor in selected countries of Asia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第2期8卷 5-12页

作者： john Grundy Xiaojun Wang Kunihiko Chris Hirabayashi Richard Duncan Dexter Bersonda Abu Obeida Eltayeb Godwin Mindra Robin Nandy College of Public Health Medicine and Veterinary SciencesJames Cook UniversityCairnsAustralia UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office BangkokThailand UNICEF Headquarter New YorkUSA UNICEF ManilaPhilippines

Background:Asia is a region that is rapidly *** overall urban health is above rural health standards,there are also pockets of deep health and social disadvantage within urban slum and peri-urban areas that represent increased public health *** a focus on vaccine preventable disease and immunisation coverage,this commentary describes and analyses strengths and weaknesses of existing urban health and immunisation strategy,with a view to recommending strategic directions for improving access to immunisation and related maternal and child health services in urban areas across the *** themes discussed in this commentary are based on the findings of country case studies published by the United Nations Childrens Fund(UNICEF)on the topic of immunisation and related health services for the urban poor in Cambodia,Indonesia,Mongolia,Myanmar,the Philippines,and *** body:Although overall urban coverage is higher than rural coverage in selected countries of Asia,there are also wide disparities in coverage between socio economic groups within urban *** with these coverage gaps,there is emerging evidence of outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases in urban *** response to this elevated public health risk,there have been some promising innovations in operational strategy in urban settings,although most of these initiatives are project related and externally *** issues for attention for urban health services access include reaching consensus on accountability for management and resourcing of the strategy,and inclusion of an urban poor approach within the planning and budgeting procedures of Ministries of Health and local *** of local partnership and community engagement strategies to inform operational approaches for socially marginalised populations are also urgently *** developments will be reliant on development of municipal models of primary health care that have clear delegations of

关键词： Urban health Urban immunisation Health equity Governance Disease control Community engagement

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