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The effects of aerated irrigation on soil respiration, oxygen, and porosity

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第12期18卷 2854-2868页

作者： ZHU Yan Miles Dyck CAI Huan-jie SONG Li-bing CHEN hui Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of Education/Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China(IWSA) Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G2E3Canada

To ameliorate soil oxygen deficiencies around subsurface drip irrigation(SDI) drippers, aerated irrigation(AI) was introduced to supply aerated water to the soil through venturi installed in the SDI pipeline. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of AI on soil respiration(SR), air-filled porosity(AFP), soil temperature(ST), and oxygen concentrations(OCC). Total soil respiration(TSR), biological activity temperature index(BAT), and soil oxygen consumption(OCS) based on SR, ST, and OCC, respectively, were subsequently calculated to explore the relationships between TSR, BAT, OCS, OCC, and AFP. Greenhouse-based experiments included two treatments: AI and unaerated SDI(ck), during the tomato growing season in the fall of 2015. The results showed that compared with ck, AI treatment significantly increased OCC and AFP(by 16 and 7.4%, respectively), as well as TSR and OCS(by 24.21 and 22.91%, respectively)(Pck. When BAT was controlled, partial correlations between TSR, OCS, OCC, and AFP were all significant in the AI treatment but not in the ck treatment. TSR was more sensitive to the interaction effects of OCC, OCS, AFP, and BAT under the AI treatment. Thus, the significantly increased TSR with AI appeared to be due to the favorable soil aeration conditi ons(higher OCC and AFP). Furthermore, the improvements in soil aeration conditions and respiration with AI appeared to facilitate the improvement in fruit yields, which also suggests the economic benefits of AI.

关键词： aerated irrigation soil respiration soil oxygen yield tomato

长期不同施肥对小麦田土壤固碳细菌群落结构和多样性的影响

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农业环境科学学报 2024年第8期43卷 1796-1804页

作者：海香刘仟龙庞波王慧杨殿林刘红梅赵建宁农业农村部环境保护科研监测所天津300191

为研究不同施肥措施对华北潮土区小麦田土壤固碳细菌群落结构和多样性的影响,为华北地区农田合理施肥提供数据支持,本研究以农业农村部环境保护科研监测所长期施肥试验为平台,利用高通量测序技术,研究不施肥对照(ck)、单施有机肥(M)、... 详细信息

为研究不同施肥措施对华北潮土区小麦田土壤固碳细菌群落结构和多样性的影响,为华北地区农田合理施肥提供数据支持,本研究以农业农村部环境保护科研监测所长期施肥试验为平台,利用高通量测序技术,研究不施肥对照(ck)、单施有机肥(M)、单施氮肥(N)、无机肥配施(NPK)、有机肥配施无机肥(MNPK)5种不同施肥措施对小麦田土壤固碳细菌群落结构和多样性的影响。结果表明:MNPK处理的土壤固碳细菌Shannon指数最高,显著高于M、N、NPK和ck处理;M、N和NPK处理的Shannon指数与ck无显著差异。影响固碳细菌α多样性指数的主要影响因素是微生物量碳、微生物量氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、全氮和pH值。华北平原农田土壤固碳细菌优势菌群相对丰度发生改变,门水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria,96.11%~99.97%)为优势菌门;与ck相比,4种施肥处理显著降低了变形菌门相对丰度。在纲水平上,优势菌纲为γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria,68.31%~89.14%)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria,4.29%~27.32%)和β-变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria,1.62%~7.71%);与ck相比,N、NPK和MNPK处理显著降低了γ-变形菌纲相对丰度,M处理显著增加了γ-变形菌纲相对丰度;NPK、MNPK处理显著增加了α-变形菌纲的相对丰度,而M处理显著降低α-变形菌纲的相对丰度;4种施肥处理显著增加了β-变形菌纲的相对丰度。冗余分析结果显示,不同施肥处理土壤pH值、微生物量碳、微生物量氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、土壤总有机碳和C/N是影响土壤固碳细菌群落特征变化的主要影响因子。研究表明,长期有机肥配施无机肥处理更有利于土壤微生物固碳,土壤pH降低和养分积累是土壤固碳细菌群落和多样性变化的重要原因。

关键词：施肥小麦田固碳细菌 cbbL基因群落结构高通量测序

喷施不同营养元素叶面肥对蟠枣缩果病和品质的影响

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中国土壤与肥料 2024年第3期 181-188页

作者：谭玉鹏耿阳吴佳辉李斌斌王玉红赵晓梅新疆农业职业技术学院新疆昌吉831100 北京味食源食品科技有限责任公司北京101200 新疆农业科学院农产品贮藏加工研究所新疆乌鲁木齐830091 新疆农垦科学院农产品加工研究所新疆石河子832000 昌吉市农业技术推广中心新疆昌吉831100

为探讨喷施不同营养元素叶面肥对蟠枣(‘京沧1号’)缩果病发病率及品质的影响,对不同叶面肥处理蟠枣缩果病发病率及产量进行了调查,对蟠枣果实外观指标和营养指标进行了测定。结果表明:喷施不同营养元素叶面肥处理后蟠枣缩果病发病率显... 详细信息

为探讨喷施不同营养元素叶面肥对蟠枣(‘京沧1号’)缩果病发病率及品质的影响,对不同叶面肥处理蟠枣缩果病发病率及产量进行了调查,对蟠枣果实外观指标和营养指标进行了测定。结果表明:喷施不同营养元素叶面肥处理后蟠枣缩果病发病率显著降低,蟠枣果实产量、商品率分别较清水(对照组)提高8.73%~27.21%和3.53%~17.94%;除硫酸锰、四硼酸钠、富瑞朋流体硼叶面肥处理外,其他处理蟠枣果实硬度与对照处理差异不显著;喷施不同营养元素叶面肥处理对蟠枣果实色差参数影响差异不显著;喷施不同营养元素叶面肥处理对蟠枣果实中可滴定酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、总酚和类黄酮含量积累有积极影响。整体看来,氮元素叶面肥对降低蟠枣缩果病发病率、提高蟠枣果实商品率、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白和总酚含量作用显著,锰元素对提高蟠枣果实产量、硬度、可溶性糖和类黄酮含量作用显著,钾元素叶面肥处理对蟠枣整体作用效果不明显,硼元素叶面肥对提高蟠枣产量,增加蟠枣果实可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量作用效果明显。因此,该结果可为蟠枣缩果病防控及品质调控提供理论依据和科学参考。

关键词：营养元素叶面肥蟠枣缩果病品质

Rates of litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems:global patterns and controlling factors

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第2期1卷 85-93页

作者： Deqiang Zhang Dafeng hui Yiqi Luo Guoyi Zhou South China Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China Department of Botany and Microbiology University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA Department of Biological Sciences Tennessee State University3500 John A.Merritt Blvd.NashvilleTennessee 37209USA

Aims We aim to construct a comprehensive global database of litter decomposition rate(k value)estimated by surface floor litterbags,and investigate the direct and indirect effects of impact factors such as geographic factors(latitude and altitude),climatic factors(mean annual tempePlrature,MAT;mean annual precipitation,MAP)and litter quality factors(the contents of N,P,K,Ca,Mg and C:N ratio,lignin:N ratio)on litter *** We compiled a large data set of litter decomposition rates(k values)from 110 research sites and conducted simple,multiple regression and path analyses to explore the relationship between the k values and impact factors at the global *** findings The k values tended to decrease with latitude(LAT)and lignin content(LIGN)of litter but increased with temperature,precipitation and nutrient concentrations at the large spatial *** factor such as climate,litter quality and geographic variable could not explain litter decomposition rates ***,the combination of total nutrient(TN)elements and C:N accounted for 70.2%of the variation in the litter decomposition *** combination of LAT,MAT,C:N and TN accounted for 87.54%of the variation in the litter decomposition *** results indicate that litter quality is the most important direct regulator of litter decomposition at the global *** data synthesis revealed significant relationships between litter decomposition rates and the combination of climatic factor(MAT)and litter quality(C:N,TN).The global-scale empirical relationships developed here are useful for a better understanding and modeling of the effects of litter quality and climatic factors on litter decomposition rates.

关键词： climatic factors geographic factors litter decomposition rate litter quality path analysis terrestrial ecosystems

Divergent responses of tiller and grain yield to fertilization and fallow precipitation:Insights from a 28-year long-term experiment in a semiarid winter wheat system

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第11期20卷 3003-3011页

作者： WANG Rui WANG Ying HU Ya-xian DANG Ting-hui GUO Sheng-li College of Forestry Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100P.R.China

Tillering is an important phenological stage,which is strongly related to the yield in spike components and final grain yield during winter wheat *** during the fallow season(fallow precipitation)influences tillering in winter wheat on the semi-arid Chinese Loess ***,little work has been done regarding tiller number changes under various types of fertilization and amounts of fallow precipitation on a long-term *** of fallow precipitation and fertilization on tiller were investigated in a winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)system in a 28-year field study(1990 to 2017)in a semiarid *** number,spike number and grain yield were measured in four fertilization conditions:control without fertilizer(ck);mineral nitrogen fertilizer alone(N);mineral phosphorus fertilizer alone(P);mineral nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer together(NP).Based on the long-term annual fallow precipitation,dry years(mean annual fallow precipitation)were *** fertilization alone significantly increased the mean annual tiller number(23%),and the increase in tiller number was higher in wet years(29%)than in the dry years(17%).However,nitrogen fertilization alone had little effect on mean tiller number,while nitrogen and phosphorus together significantly increased mean annual tiller number(30%),mean tiller number in wet years(45%)and mean tiller number in dry years(17%).Tiller number was significantly and positively correlated with fallow precipitation in dry years for all fertilizer treatments,whereas it was weakly and either positively or negatively correlated with fallow precipitation in wet years depending on the *** study found positive correlations between tiller number and fallow precipitation in the ck and NP treatments,and it found negative correlations between tiller number and fallow precipitation in the treatments with nitrogen fertilization alone or phosphorous fertilization alone in wet ***

关键词： tiller grain yield nutrient deficiency fallow precipitation winter wheat

氮肥不同追施方式对甜高粱叶片光合特性及产量的影响

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新疆农业科学 2024年第2期61卷 326-335页

作者：再吐尼古丽·库尔班吐尔逊·吐尔洪伊斯拉依·达吾提王卉周大伟新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所乌鲁木齐830091 新疆农业大学资源与环境学院乌鲁木齐830051 新疆农业大学草业学院/新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室乌鲁木齐830052 伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所新疆伊宁835099

【目的】研究氮肥不同追施处理下甜高粱不同生育期光合特性的变化规律及最佳氮肥追施方式。【方法】设置大田试验,分析空白不施肥(ck)、B_(1)(2次沟施追氮肥)、B_(2)(2次滴施追氮肥)、B_(3)(4次滴施追氮肥)等4种氮肥不同追施处理对6种... 详细信息

【目的】研究氮肥不同追施处理下甜高粱不同生育期光合特性的变化规律及最佳氮肥追施方式。【方法】设置大田试验,分析空白不施肥(ck)、B_(1)(2次沟施追氮肥)、B_(2)(2次滴施追氮肥)、B_(3)(4次滴施追氮肥)等4种氮肥不同追施处理对6种甜高粱品种不同生育阶段叶片的光合特性、水分利用效率(WUE)动态规律及生物产量的影响。【结果】甜高粱叶片的Pn、Tr、Ci、WUE在不同生育期不同氮肥追施处理下的变化趋势不一致,品种和处理间存在变化规律差异的现象。同一品种在同一生育阶段氮肥不同追施处理的光合特性有差异,叶片光合特性受氮肥追施处理的影响。Pn的变化范围在5.50~28.52μmol CO_(2)/(m^(2)·s),大力士在B_(3)处理处于最高值,比ck显著提高39.91%。全部品种在B_(2)处理的Tr值与ck处理的Tr值差异均不显著。拔节和乳熟期B_(3)处理所有品种的Gs值与ck处理的Gs值差异均不显著。WUE的变化范围在3.05~16.86μmol/mmol,拔节期只有B_(2)处理晋甜杂3号WUE值比ck显著提高71.28%,其他所有处理所有品种均与ck差异不显著。开花期B_(1)处理所有品种的WUE值均与ck不显著。生物产量变化范围在47.51~85.85 t/hm^(2),氮肥追施处理比ck增产幅度为7.66%~53.67%。大力士在所有处理的产量均高于其他品种,且B_(1)、B_(2)、B_(3)处理产量最高的品种顺序均一致,大力士>晋甜杂3号>辽甜3号。【结论】大力士、晋甜杂3号、辽甜3号在当地的适应性较好,B_(2)处理能够改善光合条件,使产量和水分利用效率达到最大,该处理是促进干旱区高粱生长发育的最佳氮肥滴管追施模式。

关键词：甜高粱氮肥追施光合参数变化规律

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中国心血管杂志 2024年第2期29卷 112-121页

作者：汪雪君沈毅辉张卉陈怡帆许宇辰张健程蕾蕾上海市心血管病研究所 200032 复旦大学附属中山医院心内科上海200032 国家放射与治疗临床医学研究中心上海200032 复旦大学附属中山医院心脏超声诊断科上海市影像医学研究所上海200032

目的探讨生长激素释放相关肽GHRL-12在免疫检查点抑制剂相关心肌炎中的作用与机制,为其临床应用提供理论依据。方法6~8周龄BALB/c小鼠,采用随机数生成器,随机分为对照组、心肌炎组、GHRL-12组和GHRL-12+心肌炎组。GHRL-12组和GHRL-12+... 详细信息

目的探讨生长激素释放相关肽GHRL-12在免疫检查点抑制剂相关心肌炎中的作用与机制,为其临床应用提供理论依据。方法6~8周龄BALB/c小鼠,采用随机数生成器,随机分为对照组、心肌炎组、GHRL-12组和GHRL-12+心肌炎组。GHRL-12组和GHRL-12+心肌炎组小鼠尾静脉注射10 mg/kg GHRL-12连续1周,同时对照组和心肌炎组小鼠尾静脉注射同等体积的无功能scramble肽。在第7天和第14天分别给予心肌炎组和GHRL-12+心肌炎组小鼠250μg心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI),从第14天开始,每间隔1天给予小鼠腹腔注射5 mg/kg anti-PD-1,共5次。每7天称量小鼠体重,测量小鼠心体比和心胫比。超声心动图检测心功能指标。HE染色检测心肌组织炎症细胞浸润程度,Masson染色检测心肌组织纤维化程度,并用ImageJ对炎症细胞浸润和纤维化程度进行量化。取小鼠眼球血,检测血清中肌酸激酶(ck)、ck同工酶(ck-MB)和乳酸脱氢酶1(LDH-1)变化。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测小鼠血清中炎症因子cTnI、cTnT、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)释放情况。蛋白质印迹技术测定小鼠心肌组织中自噬相关蛋白高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)、酵母Atg6同源物(Beclin-1)、自噬基因-相关蛋白5(ATG5)和微管相关蛋白轻链3B(LC3B)的表达,同时测定小鼠心肌组织中凋亡相关蛋白半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)和多聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶(PARP)的表达。对心肌细胞核用DAPI染成蓝色,凋亡细胞被TUNEL染成绿色,检测小鼠心肌组织发生凋亡的情况。结果(1)与对照组相比,GHRL-12组小鼠体重无显著差异,心肌炎组小鼠体重增长不明显;与心肌炎组比较,给药第19天起GHRL-12+心肌炎组小鼠体重增长较为明显。与对照组和GHRL-12组相比,心肌炎组小鼠心体比、心胫比显著增加,而与心肌炎组小鼠相比,GHRL-12+心肌炎组小鼠心体比、心胫比下降。(2)超声心动图显示,单纯给予GHRL-12干预对小鼠心功能无显著影响,与对照组相比,心肌炎组小鼠左心室射血分数(LVEF)、缩短分数(FS)显著下降,左心室收缩末期内径(LVEDs)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)显著增加;而与心肌炎组小鼠相比,GHRL-12+心肌炎组小鼠LVEF、FS升高,LVEDs、LVEDd减少。(3)HE染色结果显示,与对照组小鼠相比,心肌炎组小鼠炎症细胞浸润显著增加,而与心肌炎组小鼠相比,GHRL-12+心肌炎组小鼠炎症细胞浸润减少。(4)Masson染色结果表明,与对照组小鼠相比,心肌炎组小鼠心肌组织纤维化程度增加,而与心肌炎组小鼠相比,GHRL-12+心肌炎组小鼠心肌组织纤维化程度降低。(5)与对照组小鼠相比,心肌炎组小鼠血清中ck、ck-MB、LDH-1、cTnI和cTnT均显著上升,而与心肌炎组小鼠相比,GHRL-12+心肌炎组均显著下降。(6)蛋白质印迹结果显示,与对照组小鼠相比,心肌炎组小鼠心肌组织HMGB1、Beclin-1、ATG5和LC3B蛋白表达均显著增加,而与心肌炎组小鼠相比,GHRL-12+心肌炎组均显著下降;同时,心肌炎组Caspase-3和PARP蛋白表达均显著增加,GHRL-12+心肌炎组均显著减少。(7)TUNEL结果显示,与对照组小鼠相比,心肌炎组小鼠心肌组织凋亡显著增加,与心肌炎组小鼠相比,GHRL-12+心肌炎组小鼠心肌组织凋亡显著下降。结论多肽GHRL-12能够改善免疫检查点抑制剂诱导的心功能损伤,减少心肌组织中炎症细胞浸润和纤维化,抑制心肌组织凋亡和自噬,为未来免疫检查点抑制剂相关心肌炎的治疗提供潜在可能。

关键词：免疫检查点抑制剂心肌炎 GHRL-12 细胞凋亡自噬

维普期刊数据库博看期刊

血清CRP、心肌酶谱指标水平与新生儿肺炎病情严重程度的关系

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中国实用医刊 2024年第8期51卷 18-21页

作者：李晶陈新亚师淑锋付慧郑州大学附属儿童医院河南省儿童医院郑州儿童医院新生儿内科郑州450000

目的分析血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、心肌酶谱指标水平与新生儿肺炎病情严重程度的关系。方法观察性研究。抽取2021年10月至2023年10月于河南省儿童医院就诊的35例肺炎新生儿设为观察组,按照疾病严重程度又分为重症组(10例)和轻症组(25例)。... 详细信息

目的分析血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、心肌酶谱指标水平与新生儿肺炎病情严重程度的关系。方法观察性研究。抽取2021年10月至2023年10月于河南省儿童医院就诊的35例肺炎新生儿设为观察组,按照疾病严重程度又分为重症组(10例)和轻症组(25例)。另抽取医院同期住院的35例非感染新生儿设为健康组。比较健康组和观察组血清CRP水平、心肌酶谱指标[肌酸激酶同工酶(ck-MB)、肌酸激酶(ck)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)]水平,比较轻症组、重症组血清CRP及心肌酶谱指标水平,采用Pearson分析CRP与心肌酶谱的相关性。结果观察组血清CRP、ck-MB、ck、AST、LDH水平[(18.23±4.44)mg/L、(96.97±33.44)U/L、(812.09±51.32)U/L、(43.20±6.02)U/L、(374.91±64.88)U/L]均高于健康组[(2.34±0.34)mg/L、(9.80±1.43)U/L、(61.80±10.46)U/L、(32.14±3.02)U/L、(178.26±20.42)U/L],P均ck-MB、ck、AST、LDH水平均高于轻症组(P均ck-MB、ck、AST、LDH水平均呈正相关性(r=0.38、0.40、0.39、0.38,P均<0.05)。结论肺炎新生儿血清CRP及心肌酶谱指标水平呈异常高表达,与病情严重程度存在密切联系,在患儿病情评估中具有重要参考价值。

关键词： C反应蛋白肌酸激酶同工酶肌酸激酶天冬氨酸转氨酶乳酸脱氢酶新生儿肺炎

Reliability-based design in rock engineering: Application of Bayesian regression methods to rock strength data

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第3期11卷 612-627页

作者： Nezam Bozorgzadeh john P.Harrison Department of Civil Engineering GeoEngineering Centre at Queen’s-RMC(Royal Military College of Canada)KingstonCanada Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering University of TorontoTorontoCanada

Reliability-based design (RBD) is being adopted by geotechnical design codes worldwide, and it is therefore necessary that rock engineering practice evolves to embrace RBD. This paper examines the Hoek-Brown (H-B) strength criterion within the RBD framework, and presents three distinct analyses using a Bayesian approach. Firstly, a compilation of intact compressive strength test data for six rock types is used to examine uncertainty and variability in the estimated H-B parameters m and σc, and corresponding predicted axial strength. The results suggest that within- and between-rock type variabilities are so large that these parameters need to be determined from rock testing campaigns, rather than reference values being used. The second analysis uses an extensive set of compressive and tensile (both direct and indirect) strength data for a granodiorite, together with a new Bayesian regression model, to develop joint probability distributions of m and σc suitable for use in RBD. This analysis also shows how compressive and indirect tensile strength data may be robustly used to fit an H-B criterion. The third analysis uses the granodiorite data to investigate the important matter of developing characteristic strength criteria. Using definitions from Eurocode 7, a formal Bayesian interpretation of characteristic strength is proposed and used to analyse strength data to generate a characteristic criterion. These criteria are presented in terms of characteristic parameters mk and σck, the values of which are shown to depend on the testing regime used to obtain the strength data. The paper confirms that careful use of appropriate Bayesian statistical analysis allows the H-B criterion to be brought within the framework of RBD. It also reveals that testing guidelines such as the International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (ISRM) suggested methods will require modification in order to support RBD. Importantly, the need to fully understand the implications of

关键词： Reliability-based design(RBD) Hoek-Brown(HeB)criterion Bayesian regression Indirect tensile strength Characteristic strength criterion