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A comparison of simulation versus didactics for teaching ultrasound to Swiss medical students

World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第3期10卷 169-176页

作者： Sagar Shah Steven Tohmasi Emily Frisch Amanda Anderson Roy Almog Shadi Lahham Roland Bingisser john c. Fox School of Medicine University of California Irvine USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Irvine Irvine USA University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland

BAcKGROUND: Point-of-care ultrasound is an increasingly common imaging modality that is used in a variety of clinical settings. Understanding how to most effectively teach ultrasound is important to ensure that medical students learn pre-clinical content in a manner that promotes retention and clinical competence. We aim to assess the effectiveness of simulation-based ultrasound education in improving medical student competence in physiology in comparison to a traditional didactic ultrasound curriculum. METHODS: Subjects were given a pre and post-test of physiology questions. Subjects were taught various ultrasound techniques via 7 hours of lectures over two days. The control group received 2 additional hours of practice time while the experimental group received 2 hours of case-based simulations. A physiology post-test was administered to all students to complete the two-day course. RESULTS: Totally 115 Swiss medical students were enrolled in our study. The mean precourse ultrasound exam score was 39.5% for the simulation group and 41.6% for the didactic group (P>0.05). The mean pre-course physiology exam score was 54.1% for the simulation group and 59.3% for the didactic group (P>0.05). The simulation group showed statistically significant improvement on the physiology exam, improving from 54.1% to 75.3%(Pctic group also showed statistically signifi cant improvement on the physiology exam, improving from 59.3% to 70.0%(PcONcLUSION: Our data indicates that both simulation curriculum and standard didactic curriculum can be used to teach ultrasound. Simulation based training showed statistically signifi cant improvement in physiology learning when compared to standard didactic curriculum.

关键词： Ultrasound education POcUS Switzerland Medical education

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Hydrolysis of filter-paper cellulose to glucose by two recombinant endogenous glycosyl hydrolases of coptotermes formosanus

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 245-252页

作者： Dunhua Zhang Alan R. Lax john M. Bland Jiujiang Yu Natalie Fedorova William c. Nierman Formosan Subterranean Termite Research Unit Southern Regional Research Center ARS USDA New Orleans Food & Feed Safety Research Unit Southern Regional Research Center ARS USDA New Orleans Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The George Washington University School of Medicine Washington DC The J. craig Venter Institute Rockville MD USA

Genes encoding for glycosyl hydrolases （GH） in multiple families were recovered from an expression sequence tag library of coptotermesformosanus, a xylophagous lower termite species. Functional analyses of these genes not only shed light on the mechanisms the insect employs to successfully use cellulosic materials as energy sources, which may serve as strategic targets for designing molecular-based bio-pesticides, but also enrich discoveries of new cellulolytic enzymes for conversion ofbiomass into biofuel. Our study demonstrated that cellulose could be converted to glucose by two recombinant endogenous glycosyl hydrolases （endo-β- 1,4 glucanase in GH9 and β-glucosidase in GH1）. While the former cleaved cellulose to cellobiose and cellotriose, the resulting simple cellodextrins were digested to glucose. Both of the Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant proteins showed properties that could be incorporated in a glucose-based ethanol production program.

关键词： biofuel cellulose digestion endo-β-1,4 glucanase,β-glucosidase termite

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Sedimentary sources and processes in the eastern Arabian Sea:Insights from environmental magnetism,geochemistry and clay mineralogy

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第2期7卷 253-264页

作者： Kumar Avinash P.john Kurian Anish Kumar Warrier R.Shankar T.c.Vineesh Rasik Ravindra Earth System Science Organization National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research(ESSO-NCAOR)Ministry of Earth Sciences(MoES) Department of Marine Geology Mangalore University Earth System Science Organization Ministry of Earth Sciences(MoES)

The spatial distribution patterns of surficial sediment samples from different sedimentary domains （shallow to deep-sea regions） of the eastern Arabian Sea were studied using sediment proxies viz. environmental magnetism, geochemistry, particle size and clay mineralogy. Higher concentrations of magnetic minerals （high Xlf） were recorded in the deep-water sediments when compared with the shallow water sediments. The magnetic mineralogy of one of the shallow water samples is influenced by the presence of bacterial magnetite as evidenced from the XARM/Xlf VS. XARM/Xfd biplot. However, the other samples are catchment-derived. The high correlation documented for Xlf, anhysteretic remanent mag- netisation （XARM） and isothermal remanent magnetisation （IRM） with Al indicates that the deep-sea surflcial sediments are influenced by terrigenous fluxes which have been probably derived from the southern Indian rivers, the Sindhu （the Indus） and the Narmada-Tapti rivers. A lower Mn concentration is recorded in the upper slope sediments from the oxygen minimum zone （OMZ） but a higher Mn/AI ratio is documented in the lower slope and deep-sea sediments. clay minerals such as illite （24-48.5%）, chlorite （14.1-34.9%）, smectite （10.6-28.7%） and kaolinite （11.9-27.5%） dominate the sediments of shallow and deep-sea regions and may have been derived from different sources and transported by fluvial and aeolian agents. Organic carbon （Oc） data indicate a low concentration in the shallow/shelf region （well oxygenated water conditions） and deeper basins （increased bottom-water oxygen concentration and low sedimentation rate）. High Oc concentrations were documented in the OMZ （very low bottom-water oxygen concentration with high sedimentation rate）. The calcium carbonate concentration of the surface sediments from the continental shelf and slope regions （〈 1800 m） up to the chagos-Laccadive Ridge show higher concentrations （average - 58%） when compared to deep basin sediments （average - 44%）.

关键词： Magnetic minerals Major elements Organic carbon calcium carbonate Terrigenous fluxes Eastern Arabian Sea

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Seeing red: color vision in the largemouth bass

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current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 43-52页

作者： Lisa D. MiTcHEM Shannon Stanis Muchu Zhou Ellis LoEw john M. Epifanio Rebecca c. Fuller Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA Department of Biomedical Sciences and Section of Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Illinois Natural History Survey Champaign IL 61820 USA

How animals visually perceive the environment is key to understanding important ecological behaviors, such as predation, foraging, and mating. This study focuses on the visual system properties and visual perception of color in the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. This study (1) documents the number and spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors,(2) uses these parameters to model visual perception, and (3) tests the model of color perception using a behavioral assay. Bass possess single cone cells maximally sensitive at 535 nm, twin cone cells maximally sensitive at 614 nm, and rod cells maximally sensitive at 528 nm. A simple model of visual perception predicted that bass should not be able to discern between chartreuse yellow and white nor between green and blue. In contrast, bass should be able to discern red from all achromatic (i.e., gray scale) stimuli. These predictions were partially upheld in behavioral trials. In behavioral trials, bass were first trained to recognize a target color to receive a food reward, and then tested on their ability to differentiate between their target color and a color similar in brightness. Bass trained to red and green could easily discern their training color from all other colors for target colors that were similar in brightness (white and black, respectively). This study shows that bass possess dichromatic vision and do use chromatic (i.e., color) cues in making visual-based decisions.

关键词： bass cones photoreceptors rods vision

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Dilution sampling and analysis of particulate matter in biomass-derived syngas

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2011年第3期5卷 320-330页

作者： Xiaoliang WANG curtis ROBBINS S.Kent HOEKMAN Judith c.cHOW john G.WATSON Dennis ScHUETZLE Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research Institute(DRI)RenoNV 89512USA Renewable Energy Institute International(REII)McClellanCA 95652USA

Thermochemical biomass gasification,followedby conversion of the produced syngas to fuels andelectrical power,is a promising energy *** of particulate matter(PM)and othercontaminants in the syngas is important to minimizedamage and ensure efficient operation of the engines itpowers and the fuels created from it.A dilution samplingsystem is demonstrated to quantify PM in syngas generatedfrom two gasification plants utilizing different biomassfeedstocks:a BioMax®15 Biopower System that uses rawand torrefied woodchips as feedstocks,and an integratedbiorefinery(IBR)that uses rice hulls and woodchips ***_(2.5)mass concentrations in syngas from theIBR downstream of the purification system were 12.8-13.7μg·m^(-3),which were significantly lower than themaximum level for catalyst protection(500μg·m^(-3))andwere 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than those inBioMax®15 syngas(2247-4835μg·m^(-3)).Ultrafine particlenumber concentration and PM_(2.5)chemical constituentswere also much lower in the IBR syngas than in theBioMax®*** dilution sampling system enabledreliable measurements over a wide range of concentrations:the use of high sensitivity instruments allowed measurementat very low concentrations(~1μg·m^(-3)),while theflexibility of dilution minimized sampling problems thatare commonly encountered due to high levels of tars in rawsyngas(~1 g·m^(-3)).

关键词： dilution source sampling syngas characterization biomass gasification ultrafine particles

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coping with extremes:convergences of habitat use,territoriality,and diet in summer but divergences in winter between two sympatric snow finches on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第6期15卷 533-543页

作者： Dongming LI Jason E.DAVIS Yanfeng SUN Gang WANG Ghulam NABI john c.WINGFIELD Fumin LEI Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Neurobiology Physiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA Department of Biology Radford UniversityRadfordVirginiaUSA Ocean college Hebei Agricultural UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei ProvinceChina University of chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina

On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,extreme environmental conditions have imposed intense selective pressure on the evolution of phenotypic traits of wild *** date,limited information is available on behavioral and ecological traits concerning niche differentiation among sympatric animals on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,especially during winter when the environments are most ***,we studied the seasonal variations in habitat occurrence,territorial behavior,and diet in two sympatric snow finches(the white-rumped snow finch,Onychostruthus taczanowskii,WRSF;and the rufous-necked snow finch,Pyrgilauda ruficollis,RNSF)to determine convergence and divergence of ecological traits in such severe climatic *** results showed that:(i)WRSF occupied rural areas as a dominant species throughout the annual cycle while RNSF occupied the rural areas in summer and then shifted to human-occupied areas in winter and spring;(ii)WRSFs exhibited robust aggressive behavior and territoriality during winter relative to RNSFs;(iii)the diets of both species varied with the season but did not vary between species except that WRSF ate significantly more seeds but RNSF consumed more starchy material derived from human food waste during ***,the separations in the spatial niche and territoriality between WRSF and RNSF,especially in winter,may contribute to alleviating the pressure of interspecific competition,and promoting the coexistence of the two sympatric snow finches in the extreme environments on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

关键词： diet habitat use Qinghai-Tibet Plateau snow finch territorial behavior

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斯坦和奥利

斯坦和奥利

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作者： Steve Gllgan，john c.Reilly主演

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Distribution and source of microplastics in china's second largest reservoir-Danjiangkou Reservoir

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第4期33卷 74-84页

作者： Li Lin Xiong Pan Sheng Zhang Danwen Li Wenliang Zhai Zhen Wang Jingxiang Tao changqing Mi Qingyun Li john c.crittenden Basin Water Environmental Research Department Changjiang River Scientific Research InstituteWuhanHubei 430010China Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province WuhanHubei 430010China School of Environmental Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei 430074China Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Fresh water microplastic pollution is of pressing concern globally,but its distribution and sources in reservoirs are poorly *** Reservoir is the second largest reservoir in china and is divided into the Han Reservoir and Dan *** this work,microplastic abundances and morphological characteristics of the reservoir were *** microplastic abundance of 15 main tributaries of the reservoir was also *** vertical distribution(in water column and sediment),horizontal distribution(in Han Reservoir and Dan Reservoir)and source of microplastics were *** accumulated in the middle layer of the reservoir,and the size and color of the microplastic particles changed from the surface to the bottom,which implies that surveys of surface water are not enough to determine the microplastic contamination for deep water *** the surface water,the microplastic abundance in the Han Reservoir was lower than that in the Dan Reservoir(pcroplastic abundance did not differ significantly in the intermediate and bottom *** were one of the main sources of microplastics for Han Reservoir but not for Dan *** cultivation in the hydro-fluctuation belt might be an important source of microplastics in the Dan Reservoir,which should be given additional *** results of this study can provide valuable information for developing microplastic sampling strategies in deep water *** studies are recommended to investigate the process through which microplastics in the hydro-fluctuation belt enter the reservoir and the sinking behavior of microplastics in the reservoir.

关键词： Microplastic Vertical distribution Source Hydro-fluctuation belt Danjiangkou Reservoir

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β-酪蛋白淀粉样纤维沉淀的形成及影响因素

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高等学校化学学报 2014年第5期35卷 976-980页

作者：刘继华 john A.carver David c.Thorn 吉林大学药学院长春130021 阿德莱德大学物理化学学院

利用硫磺素T（ ThT）荧光分析法和透射电子显微镜检测β-酪蛋白形成淀粉样纤维沉淀（ Fibril）的动力学过程,研究了磷脂和硫酸肝素对其 Fibril 形成的影响.实验结果表明,β-酪蛋白在65℃下, pH 值为5.4~9.0的范围内,加热252 h以上,并未... 详细信息

利用硫磺素T（ ThT）荧光分析法和透射电子显微镜检测β-酪蛋白形成淀粉样纤维沉淀（ Fibril）的动力学过程,研究了磷脂和硫酸肝素对其 Fibril 形成的影响.实验结果表明,β-酪蛋白在65℃下, pH 值为5.4~9.0的范围内,加热252 h以上,并未形成Fibril,说明β-酪蛋白是一种很好的分子伴侣,在高温、弱酸和弱碱条件下均不形成淀粉样纤维沉淀.甘油磷酸胆碱D6Pc和D9Pc可以显著地促进β-酪蛋白的Fibril的形成,说明一定条件下蛋白质可能与细胞膜之间存在相互作用而导致其二级构象的转变.硫酸肝素对β-酪蛋白形成Fibril具有促进作用,在炎症组织中,硫酸肝素表达量的增加有可能促进β-酪蛋白形成Fibril,说明乳腺炎与乳腺中的corpora Amylacea的形成存在一定的联系.

关键词： β-酪蛋白蛋白质淀粉样纤维沉淀磷脂硫酸肝素 ThT荧光分析法

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Glaciology and Global climate change

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Engineering 2018年第1期4卷 6-8页

作者： john c. Moore college of Global change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Arctic center University of Lapland Rovaniemi 96100 Finland

If it had been suggested prior to the 1980s that the study of ice- that is, glaciology-would be the key to initiating international action on global climate change, most climate scientists would probably have laughed. However, that is exactly what occurred. The kick-start came from the Vostok ice core, a project that had been underway at the Soviet station at the Pole of Inaccessibility in East Antarctica since the 1970s. By the mid-1980s, the French were in close partnership with the Soviets.

关键词： Glaciology Global climate change

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