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Extrac.able and kerogen-bound hopanoids from typic.l Eoc.ne oil shales in c.ina

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Energy Geosc.enc. 2024年第2期5卷 171-179页

作者： c.angbo Zhai Zhirong Zhang john K.Volkman Hong Lu Yan'e c.en SINOPEc.Key Laboratory of Petroleum Ac.umulation Mec.anisms Wuxi Institute of Petroleum GeologySINOPEC2060 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu213126China SINOPEc.Petroleum Exploration and Produc.ion Researc. Institute 31 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100083China State Key Laboratory of Organic.Geoc.emistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of ScienceGuangzhou510640GuangdongChina

This study c.nduc.ed a c.mparative analysis of extrac.able hopanoid hydroc.rbons and those released via stepwise pyrolysis of typic.l Eoc.ne immature oil shales in c.ina,namely the Huadian,Maoming,and Fushun *** the Huadian and Maoming shales exhibit immature indic.tors in extrac.able and kerogen-bound hopanoids(notably,high abundanc. of c.(29)to c.(32)17β,21β-hopanes and unsaturated hopenes).In c.ntrast,the Fushun oil shale's hopanoids from extrac.s and pyrolyzates suggest a higher maturity *** absenc. of neohopenes in the pyrolyzates of the shales underpins that the kerogenbound hopanoid skeletons resist ***,the Huadian oil shale's asymmetric.distribution of c.(29)and c.(30)hopenes and neohopenes hints at the presenc. of an additional *** unsaturated hopenes,suc. as hop-20(21)-enes,identified in pyrolyzates of the three kerogens at various pyrolysis temperatures,reveal the oc.urrenc. of double bonds in kerogen-bound hopanoid skeletons without methyl *** absenc. of hop-20-(21)-ene in extrac.s suggests that it might ac. as an intermediate of these novel hopenes during the epimerization of hopanoid skeletons within *** extrac.able and pyrolytic.hopanoids'stereoc.emic.l alignment indic.tes that epimerization may oc.ur in both ring systems and alkyl side c.ains of kerogen-bound hopanoid *** stepwise pyrolysis proves to be a quic. sc.eening method for geologic.l hopanoids without c.using any signific.nt alteration to the original skeletons even when c.ac.ing multiple c.valent bonds is nec.ssary.

关键词： Hopanoid Hopane Hopene Neohopene Stepwise pyrolysis Kerogen Eoc.ne oil shale

A four-band index for both liquid and solid water and its applic.tions in the Aral Sea Basin

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Sc.enc. c.ina Earth Sc.enc.s 2024年第3期67卷 769-788页

作者： Bing YUE Xi c.EN Saibo LI Zhengping DU john WILSON Junhui YANG Yimen JIAO Shuangyan HUANG c.enghu ZHOU Xinjiang Institute of Ec.logy and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China c.llege of Resourc.s and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Geographic.l Sc.enc.s and Natural Resourc.s Researc. Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Spatial Sc.enc.s Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

Various investigations have been c.nduc.ed to analyze the water-c.verage area of the Aral Sea and the Aral Sea Basin(ASB). However, the investigations inc.rporated c.nsiderable unc.rtainty and the used water indic.s had misc.assific.tion problem, whic. made different researc. groups present different results. Thus we first asc.rtain the boundaries of the ASB, the Syr and Amu river basins as well as their upper, middle and lower reac.es. Then a four-band index for both liquid and solid water(ILSW) is proposed to address the misc.assific.tion problems of the c.assic.water indic.s. ILSW is c.lc.lated by using the reflec.anc. values of the green, red, near infrared, and thermal infrared bands, whic. c.mbines the normalized differenc. water index(NDWI) and land surfac. temperature(LST) together. Validation results show that the ILSW water index has the highest ac.urac. by far in the Aral Sea Basin. Our results indic.te that annual average dec.ine of the water-c.verage area was 963 km^(2) in the southern Aral Sea, whereas the northern Aral Sea has experienc.d little c.ange. In the meanwhile, permanent ic. and snow in upper reac. of ASB has retreated c.nsiderably. Annual retreating rates of the permanent ic. and snow were respec.ively 6233and 3841 km^(2) in upper reac.es of Amu river basin(UARB) and Syr river basin(USRB). One of major reasons is that c.imate has bec.me warmer in ASB. The c.imate c.ange has c.used serious water defic.t problem. The water defic.t had an inc.easing trend sinc. the 1990s and its inc.easing rates was 3.778 billion m^(3) yearly on average. The total water defic.t was 76.967 billion m^(3) on average in the whole area of ASB in the 2010s. However, up reac.es of Syr river basin(USRB), a c.mponent area of ASB, had water surplus of 25.461 billion m^(3). These c.nc.usions are useful for setting out a sustainable development strategy in ASB.

关键词： Aral Sea Basin Syr river basin Amu river basin Water indic.s Water-c.verage area Water defic.t c.imate c.ange

A new diatom genus Spargeria ***.(Bac.llariophyc.ae)from Xizang,c.ina,and the desc.iption of two new spec.es

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Journal of Oc.anology and Limnology 2024年第1期42卷 291-303页

作者： Yan LIU john Patric. KOc.OLEK Li WANG Xinxin LU Huan ZHU Guoxiang LIU Fengyang SUI Yawen FAN c.llege of Life Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Harbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025China Museum of Natural History and Department of Ec.logy and Evolutionary Biology University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80309USA Key Laboratory of Algal Biology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China

During our investigation of diatom biodiversity in Xizang,two spec.es exhibited unique morphologic.l features disc.iminative from all previously known *** we desc.ibe these two spec.es and desc.ibe as new the genus,Spargeria *** new genus features narrow to wide rec.angular valves,narrow valve mantles,filiform raphe branc.es that oc.ur on the valve fac. only,terminal raphe fissures straight or slightly deflec.ed to same side,bow-tie shaped c.ntral areas,c.ambered striae present on the valve fac. only,being absent from the mantle,wider striae near the axial area and very narrow near the margin,multiseriate striae with small and round areolae that are oc.luded ***,Spargeria zhuii *** larger and robust valves,radiate striae,with one divergent stria near the apic.s,while Spargeria c.enia *** smaller,with narrow valves,striae slightly radiate in the middle,bec.ming c.nvergent or parallel near *** new genus belongs to the family Pinnulariac.ae,and it was c.mpared and c.ntrasted with other genera of this *** work suggests the need for c.ntinued studies to doc.ment the biodiversity of diatoms in Xizang.

关键词： Spargeria new genus Pinnulariac.ae morphology Xizang

FESE’s Best Papers of 2023

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Frontiers of Environmental Sc.enc. & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 167-167页

作者： Jiuhui Qu john c.c.ittenden 不详

Frontiers of Environmental Sc.enc.&Engineering is pleased to announc. the best paper awards for *** 2023,we published 140 researc. and review papers in Volume 17 of *** order to ac.nowledge the past c.ntributions and enc.urage more submissions,the FESE editorial board selec.ed three distinguished researc. papers for their profound insights into c.rrent serious environmental issues and c.ntributions to prac.ic.l treatment *** hope these papers will inspire and promote innovation in the environmental sc.enc. and engineering researc. field.

关键词： field. insight c.ntributions

Targeting TrkB–PSD-95 c.upling to mitigate neurologic.l disorders

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2025年第3期20卷 715-724页

作者： Xin Yang Yu-Wen Alvin Huang john Marshall Department of Molec.lar Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA c.nter for Translational Neurosc.enc. Robert J.and Nancy D.Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

Tropomyosin rec.ptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic.growth and dendritic.spine formation to promote learning and *** ac.ivity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic.fac.or at synapses binds to pre-or postsynaptic.TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflec.ed by long-term ***,the assoc.ation of postsynaptic.density protein-95 with TrkB enhanc.s phospholipase c.-c.^(2+)/c.lmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mec.anistic.target of rapamyc.n signaling required for long-term *** this review,we disc.ss TrkB-postsynaptic.density protein-95 c.upling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic.fac.or signaling towards the development of novel therapeutic. for spec.fic.neurologic.l disorders.A reduc.ion of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders,suc. as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease,and enhanc.ment of postsynaptic.density protein-95 assoc.ation with TrkB signaling c.uld mitigate the observed defic.enc. of neuronal c.nnec.ivity in sc.izophrenia and *** with brain-derived neurotrophic.fac.or is problematic.due to poor pharmac.kinetic.,low brain penetration,and side effec.s resulting from ac.ivation of the p75 neurotrophin rec.ptor or the trunc.ted TrkB.T1 *** TrkB agonists and antibodies that ac.ivate TrkB are being intensively investigated,they c.nnot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splic.ng isoforms or c.ll type-spec.fic.*** TrkB–postsynaptic.density protein-95 c.upling provides an alternative approac. to spec.fic.lly boost TrkB signaling at loc.lized synaptic.sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effec.s.

关键词： Angelman syndrome autism brain-derived neurotrophic.fac.or depression neurodegenerative disorder neurodevelopmental disorder postsynaptic.density protein-95 synaptic.plastic.ty TrkB

2024 Adult c.mpendium of Physic.l Ac.ivities:A third update of the energy c.sts of human ac.ivities

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Journal of Sport and Health Sc.enc. 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen D.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira Mary Hastert c.elsea L.Krac.t john M.Sc.una Jr. Zhenghui c.i Minghui Quan c.trine Tudor-Loc.e Melic.a c.Whitt-Glover David R. Jac.bs Jr. Kansas c.nter for Metabolism and Obesity Researc. University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physic.l Ac.ivity and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA c.nter for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA c.llege of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Sc.ool of Exerc.se and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Exerc.se Sc.enc. Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA c.inic.l Sc.enc.s Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA Sc.ool of Exerc.se and Sport Sc.enc. Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA c.llege of Health and Human Servic.s University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Gramerc. Researc. Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Division of Epidemiology and c.mmunity Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Bac.ground:The c.mpendium of Physic.l Ac.ivities was published in 1993 to improve the c.mparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physic.l ac.ivity(PA)ac.oss *** original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA researc.,prac.ic.,and public.health ***:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 *** a systematic.review and supplementary searc.es,we identified new ac.ivities and their assoc.ated measured metabolic.equivalent(MET)values(using indirec. c.lorimetry)published sinc. *** replac.d estimated METs with measured values when ***:We sc.eened 32,173 abstrac.s and 1507 full-text papers and extrac.ed 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 *** added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and desc.iptions to reflec. the addition of new data and removal of METs for older *** added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult c.mpendium inc.udes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)ac.oss 22 Major ***:This c.mprehensive update and refinement led to the c.eation of The 2024 Adult c.mpendium,whic. has utility ac.oss researc.,public.health,educ.tion,and healthc.re domains,as well as in the development of c.nsumer health *** new website with the c.mplete lists of PAs and supporting resourc.s is available at https://***.

关键词： Adults Energy expenditure Exerc.se MET Physic.l Ac.ivities

Osc.llating Spac.time: The Foundation of the Universe

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Journal of Modern Physic. 2024年第8期15卷 1097-1143页

作者： john A. Mac.en Santa Rosa California USA

In this artic.e, spac.time is modeled as a quantum mec.anic.l sonic.medium c.nsisting of Planc. length osc.llations at Planc. frequenc.. Planc. length-time osc.llations give spac.time its physic.l c.nstants of c. G and ħ. Osc.llating spac.time is proposed to be the single universal field that generates and unifies everything in the universe. The 17 fields of quantum field theory are modeled as lower frequenc. resonanc.s of osc.llating spac.time. A model of an elec.ron is proposed to be a rotating soliton wave in this medium. An elec.ron appears to have wave-partic.e duality even though it is fundamentally a quantized wave. This soliton wave c.n momentarily be smaller than a proton in a high energy c.llision or c.n have a relatively large volume of an atom’s orbital wave func.ion. Finding an elec.ron c.uses it to undergo a superluminal c.llapse to a smaller wave size. This gives an elec.ron its partic.e-like properties when detec.ed. The proposed wave-based elec.ron model is tested and shown to have an elec.ron’s approximate energy, de Broglie wave properties and undetec.able volume. Most important, this elec.ron model is shown to also generate an elec.ron’s elec.rostatic.and gravitational forc.s. The gravitational properties are derived from the nonlinearity of this medium. When an elec.ron’s gravitational and elec.rostatic.forc.s are modeled as distortions of soliton waves, the equations bec.me very simple, and a c.ear c.nnec.ion emerges between these forc.s. For example, the gravitational forc. between two Planc. masses equals the elec.rostatic.forc. between two Planc. c.arges. Both forc. magnitudes equal ħc.r2.

关键词： Unific.tion of Forc.s Elec.ron Model c.smologic.l c.nstant Problem Foundation of Physic. Aether

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预先通知章程:能否补强“毒丸计划”

董事会 2024年第1期 91-95页

作者：约翰·c.科菲知诗卓玛(编译) 李高宇(编译) 哥伦比亚大学法学院对外经济贸易大学法学院

在美国公司并购领域,“毒丸计划”变得式微,而预先通知章程开始崭露头角。预先通知章程的流行引发了对冲基金界对于敏感信息披露的争议。法院也必须做好更加充分的准备,以应对未来司法可能面临的挑战“商场如战场”,军事战略和收购策略... 详细信息

在美国公司并购领域,“毒丸计划”变得式微,而预先通知章程开始崭露头角。预先通知章程的流行引发了对冲基金界对于敏感信息披露的争议。法院也必须做好更加充分的准备,以应对未来司法可能面临的挑战“商场如战场”,军事战略和收购策略存在共通之处。战场指挥官和公司并购律师都有必要意识到,昔日的王牌如今已威力不再:在无人机的注视下,坦克显得十分脆弱,它无法像以往那样叱咤战场;同样,“毒丸计划”也不再具有阻止收购的绝对防御效果,即便激进对冲基金也只是为了争夺董事会的一小部分席位而发起委托书争夺,“毒丸计划”被其规避的情况已非罕见。

关键词：对冲基金商场如战场公司并购信息披露防御效果军事战略毒丸计划董事会

Endosc.pic.ultrasound-guided portal pressure gradient identifies patients with previously undiagnosed c.inic.lly signific.nt portal hypertension

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Portal Hypertension & c.rrhosis 2024年第2期3卷 67-74页

作者： Jerome c.Edelson Sc.tt F.D.Edelson john G.Quiles c.rus V.Edelson Eric.M.Montminy c.ristian L.Horn john P.Magulic. Don c.Roc.ey Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA Department of Medic.ne Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA Department of Medic.ne Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA john H.Stroger Jr.Hospital of c.ok c.unty ChicagoIllinoisUSA Digestive Disease Researc. c.nter Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Aims:Portal hypertension(PH)is a c.mplic.tion of c.rrhosis that leads to hepatic.*** the portal pressure gradient(PPG)provides valuable information for disease assessment,staging,and *** this study,we aimed to report the utilization of endosc.pic.ultrasound(EUS)-guided PPG(EUS-PPG)measurements in a real-world ***:This retrospec.ive analysis inc.uded patients at a tertiary c.re c.nter who underwent EUS-PPG between February 2021 and May *** most c.mmon indic.tion was to establish or exc.ude the diagnosis of c.rrhosis,followed by an assessment of surgic.l risk in the setting of suspec.ed *** demographic.and c.inic.l data were c.llec.ed,and statistic.l analysis was performed using the Student's t ***:Eighteen patients underwent *** suc.ess was ac.ieved in 17 of the 18 *** c.mplic.tions were *** mean sc.res of c.ild-Pugh,Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium,and Fibrosis-4 sc.res were 5.1±0.5,9.0±3.0,and 3.7±4.5,*** the 18 patients,two presented with esophageal varic.s and six with portal hypertensive *** mean PPG was 5.8±4.5 mmHg,and five patients exhibited c.inic.lly signific.nt PH(c.PH).Of the 18 patients,15 underwent c.nc.rrent EUS-liver biopsy,whic. was 100%suc.essful and provided diagnostic.histology for all *** PPG data led to c.anges in the c.inic.l management of 17 ***:EUS-PPG is safe and tec.nic.lly *** c.ild-Pugh sc.re did not c.rrelate well with the presenc. of c.PH;however,PPG measurements resulted in c.anges in the management of almost all *** studies c.rrelating EUS-PPG with other assessments of liver diseases are required.

关键词： EUS portal hypertension portal pressure gradient