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Transformation of inherent and extraneous minerals in feed coals of commercial power stations and their density-separated fractions

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Energy Geoscience 2021年第2期2卷 136-147页

作者： Rudelle Rautenbach Ratale Matjie Christien Strydom john bunt Centre of Excellence in Carbon Based Fuels School of Physical and Chemical SciencesNorth-West UniversityPotchefstroom CampusPrivate Bag X6001Potchefstroom2520South Africa Centre of Excellence in Carbon Based Fuels School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering North-West UniversityPotchefstroom CampusPrivate Bag X6001Potchefstroom2520South Africa

The main objective of this work is to relate the coalescence of inherent minerals and the fragmentation of extraneous minerals to the slagging propensities of South African pulverised feed coals during *** incorporating the behaviour of inherent mineral matter or extraneous mineral matter in these coals under combustion conditions into ash-deposition prediction methods,the heterogeneous nature of the ash properties,which were disregarded in previous conventional ash deposition predictions,is considered in the *** mode of occurrence of mineral matter in feed coals plays a crucial role in the formation of high-temperature mineral phases under combustion *** float and sink fractions of the three different coals evaluated in this distinctive alternative approach provide different chemical and mineralogical properties of the derived ashes when subjected to elevated temperatures under oxidising *** of significant concentrations of high-temperature minerals(such as mullite and cristobalite)is mainly due to the transformation reactions of extraneous kaolinite and quartz which are not associated with the extraneous fluxing minerals at elevated ***,the formation of anorthite at elevated temperatures can be attributed to the interaction of either inherent or extraneous fluxing minerals(namely calcite,dolomite,pyrite,and siderite)that are associated with either inherent or extraneous kaolinite in the coal samples under the oxidising ***,the anorthite,mullite,and calcium/magnesium/iron/aluminosilicate and silica glasses in ashes are formed either via crystallisation during the cooling of the hightemperature molten solution or via the solid state *** high-temperature minerals and their glasses present in ashes can therefore be used as the indicators of the slagging propensity of *** implementation of results from this unique case study,will be of great significance to other industrial

关键词： Coal minerals Anorthite Aluminosilicate glasses Silica glasses Slag prediction

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The effect of particle size on the pollution reduction potential of a South African coal-derived low-smoke fuel

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能源地球科学(英文) 2020年第3期1卷 165-173页

作者： Lungile Sumbane-Prinsloo john bunt Ratale Matjie Stuart Piketh Hein Neomagus Frans Waanders Centre of Excellence in Carbon-based Fuels Faculty of EngineeringNorth West UniversityPotchefstroom2520South Africa Climate Research Group School of Geo-and Spatial ScienceNorth West UniversityPotchefstroom2520South Africa

The coal combustion in cast-iron stoves leads to health hazards and air *** this study the CO,SO2,NOx,PM and VOC emission concentrations were measured whilst combusting four fuel particle sizes(15,20,30,and 40 mm)as well as a composite of the sizes(all pre-devolatilized at a temperature of 550C)in a cast-iron *** results were compared to their raw coal analogues to evaluate the emission performance of each fuel *** factors for NOx and SO2 were found to depend on the fuel nitrogen and sulphur contents in the coal and the combustion conditions used during *** PM,SO2 and VOC emissions show a strong dependence on the ash percentage and volatile matter yields,which both increased with increasing particle *** addition,the PM,SO2 and VOC missions were found to only depend on particle size on a mechanistic *** VOCs and PM emission factors are inversely correlated with particle *** results from this study offer insight into the combustion environment in the Falkirk Union No 7 cast-iron stove as well as how this environment applies to low smoke *** work contributes to the emission and performance inventories from South African domestic coal combustion in this stove used in informal settlements.

关键词： Coal combustion Low-smoke fuel Emissions Particle size Cast-iron stove

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The influence of particle size on the thermal performance of coal and its derived char in a Union stove

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Energy Geoscience 2021年第2期2卷 148-159页

作者： Lungile Sumbane-Prinsloo john bunt Stuart Piketh Hein Neomagus Frans Waanders Ratale Matjie Centre of Excellence in Carbon-based Fuels Faculty of EngineeringNorth West UniversityPotchefstroom2520South Africa Climate Research Group School of Geo-and Spatial ScienceNorth West UniversityPotchefstroom2520South Africa

For low-income communities in South Africa,coal is the most common solid fuel which is burnt in a variety of devices,including imbaulas and cast-iron *** present work was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of the fuel particle size on the performance of coal,typically sourced in low-income households in townships in South Africa,and to subsequently compare the performance with a feed char of a common cast iron *** fuel particle sizes of 15,20,30,and 40 mm,as well as a composite of the sizes were tested at 550C,against their untreated coal analogues to evaluate the thermal performance of each *** thermal performance assessment metrics are ignition time,water boiling time,heat transfer and combustion efficiencies,while CO and CO_(2)emissions were measured for the calculations of CO/CO_(2)*** times were found to decrease from coals to chars and to decrease with increasing particle *** effects of fuel type on the water boiling time were only observed in the later stages of the burn cycle,with the char boiling a 2 L batch of water in an average 24 min,while the coals reported an average boiling time of 20 *** transfer efficiencies showed no significant variation with fuel type or particle size,with the average efficiency for the coals and that of the chars being around 66%.The fuels’performance was better gauged by the combustion efficiency,which was found to improve marginally from the coal fuels to the chars,and to increase with increasing particle *** from this testwork could contribute to the performance inventories from the combustion of domestic coal mined in South Africa in a typical cast iron stove which is used in informal settlements.

关键词： Coal and its derived char combustion Heterogeneous testing protocol Efficiency Particle size Cast-iron stove

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Pyramiding disease resistance genes in elite winter wheat germplasm for Western Canada

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The Crop Journal 2019年第6期7卷 739-749页

作者： AndréLaroche Michele Frick Robert J.Graf Jamie Larsen john D.Laurie Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeAlberta T1J 4B1Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Harrow Research and Development Centre2585 County Road 20HarrowOntario N0R 1G0Canada

We report on pyramiding different disease resistance genes against fungal pathogens in Canadian winter wheat germplasm based on available DNA markers and gene *** resistance represents a safe, economical and ecological method for protecting plants, growers and the health of consumers. Major diseases of wheat on the Canadian Prairies are common bunt, rusts(leaf, stem and stripe) and Fusarium head blight. Over the years markers for resistance genes against these diseases have been identified and used by the international wheat community. We describe markers that we have used to pyramid different resistance genes and indicate their presence in Canadian winter wheat cultivars issued from the winter wheat breeding program at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, the only winter wheat breeding program in Western Canada actively delivering new varieties for all regions of the Canadian *** sources of resistance and identities of PCR primers and amplification conditions are indicated to enable the transfer and pyramiding of different resistance(R) genes to breeding lines. We conclude by reviewing new tools for identifying R genes in wheat and indicate how mutagenesis and gene editing can help future efforts to extend the protection offered by known R genes.

关键词： bunt Gene pyramiding Wheat rusts Marker-assisted selection Triticum aestivum

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Observations of the Germination Behavior of <i>Tilletia indica</i>Teliospores on the Soil Surface under Varying Simulated Environmental Conditions

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第11期8卷 2878-2897页

作者： Gary L. Peterson Dana K. Berner john G. Phillips USDA ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research UnitFort Detrick USA USDA-ARS-North Atlantic Area Wyndmoor USA

A series of replicated growth chamber studies were conducted to determine the effects of soil type and simulated European temperature conditions from fall planting to anthesis in Hungary, United Kingdom, Italy and Norway on the initiation of Tilletia indica teliospore germination on the soil surface. A concurrent study examined effects on teliospore germination of a simulated temperature profile for Ciudad Obregon, Mexico, where Karnal bunt is known to occur. Three soil moisture treatments were tested;40.5% water holding capacity (WHC), 16.2% WHC and weekly fluctuation of soil WHC. Results suggest that soil type would not have a significant effect on germination during the cropping season. Under all conditions tested, some portion of the teliospore population remained dormant but viable throughout the entire season. In comparing Mexican and Hungarian temperature profiles, highest soil surface germination for the Hungarian profile was at 40.5% WHC during the first 30 days of the simulation (30 days after planting date). The highest germination for the Mexican profile was at the 16.2% WHC during the last 30 days of the study (time of anthesis).

关键词： Karnal bunt Spore Survival Field Population Wheat Smut Partial bunt

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