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遮光对丘陵茶园茶叶产量指标和内含生化成分的影响

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南京农业大学学报 2011年第5期34卷 47-52页

作者：秦志敏 john Tanui 冯卫英王玉花肖润林黎星辉南京农业大学园艺学院江苏南京210095 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室湖南长沙410125

选用‘碧香早’和‘福大61’2个茶树品种作为试验对象,采用遮光率为(50±3)%的黑色、绿色和银白色遮阳网为遮光材料,以不遮光为对照(CK),研究不同颜色遮阳网遮光对丘陵地区茶树产量指标和主要生化成分的影响。结果表明:春季不同茶树品... 详细信息

选用‘碧香早’和‘福大61’2个茶树品种作为试验对象,采用遮光率为(50±3)%的黑色、绿色和银白色遮阳网为遮光材料,以不遮光为对照(CK),研究不同颜色遮阳网遮光对丘陵地区茶树产量指标和主要生化成分的影响。结果表明:春季不同茶树品种经遮光后可增加百芽重,但与对照间差异不显著;夏季‘碧香早’和‘福大61’经黑色遮光处理后百芽重均显著高于对照。不同颜色遮阳网对芽密度和新梢含水量影响幅度的大小顺序为:黑色、绿色和银白色。不同季节黑色遮阳网遮光能显著增加茶叶氨基酸和咖啡碱含量,降低茶多酚含量和酚氨比。春季‘碧香早’和‘福大61’经黑色遮光处理氨基酸含量分别比对照高6.56%和21.78%,夏季分别比对照高15.76%和19.66%;春季茶多酚含量分别比对照低29.68%和24.91%,夏季分别比对照低5.59%和13.15%;春季酚氨比分别比对照低33.95%和38.67%,夏季分别比对照低18.39%和27.69%;春季咖啡碱含量分别比对照高8.08%和6.07%,夏季分别比对照高10.61%和7.98%。以上结果表明,黑色遮光处理有利于茶树体内氮代谢,抑制碳代谢,从而提高茶叶鲜爽度,降低茶叶苦涩味,改善茶叶品质。

关键词：丘陵茶园遮光产量指标生化分析

Inverted U-Shaped Relationship between Vitamin D and Eczema in US adults

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Inverted U-Shaped Relationship between Vitamin D and Eczema ...

Sand Storage, Extending the Shelf-Life of Fresh Sweetpotato Roots for Home Consumption and Market Sales

2018环境与健康学术会议--精准环境健康：跨学科合作的挑战

作者： Jia Wei Tarannum Jaleel Amanda S.MacLeod john S.Ji Environmental Research Center Duke Kunshan University Department of Dermatology Duke University Medical Center

Objectives Eczema is a skin condition characterized by an itchy,erythematous rash,which affects up to 10%to 20%of people *** literature finds that low vitamin D levels may be a risk factor for eczema,but the association is not clear,and there are limited studies based on adult population of different *** aim to explore the association between serum vitamin D levels with ever-report of eczema among US *** We used the cross-sectional data from *** Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES) *** were defined as 20 years and *** association between eczema and vitamin D was estimated using multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for patient demographics,lifestyle variables,stress,and medical *** cubic spline analyses were performed to explore non-linear *** also stratified by *** A total of 3921 adults were included in the *** prevalence of ever-report of eczema was 7.94%in US *** of eczema were higher in people with higher socioeconomic status,depressive symptoms,previous history of asthma and hay fever,female,sampled in summer,and non-Hispanic *** logistic regression found higher odds ratio of eczema in vitamin D deficiency group(75 nmol/L)(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.09-3.01,p=0.022).The spline analysis found an inverted U-shaped relationship between eczema and vitamin *** risk reached the highest at around 45 nmol/L,with decreasing risk in both directions away from this *** stratified by race,similar association appeared in non-Hispanic white population,but was absent in non-Hispanic black *** Vitamin D is associated with reports of eczema in non-Hispanic white population,but not in the non-Hispanic black population in the *** study may be used to inform vitamin D sufficiency guidelines.

关键词： Eczema Race Immune system NHANES Vitamin D

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2016年第4期6卷 227-236页

作者： Putri Emawati Abidin john Kazembe Richard A. Atuna Francis Kwaku Amagloh[ Kwabena Asare EricKuuna Dery Edward Ewing Carey International Potato Center (CIP) c/o CSIR Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SAM) P.O. Box 3 785 Kumasi Ghana CIP P.O. Box 31600 Lilongwe 3 Malawi University for Development Studies (LIDS) P.O. Box TL 1350 Tamale Ghana

Uni-modal rainfall pattern has long dry spell wherein sweetpotato is scarce, expensive but cheap at harvest. The crop is mostly consumed, processed or sold. Extending shelf-life of roots is crucial for Malawi and Northern Ghana as the crop has high value. Trials were conducted in the countries at the community level. In the dry season, temperature is cool in Malawi while warm in Ghana, but thru harmattan, the night is cool with low relative humidity. In Malawi, orange-fleshed sweetpotato Zondeni var., white and yellow types were assessed in three types of storage, Afghan ventilated pit store, storage in dry sand of pit-steps, and of a granary In Ghana, local moistened heap and sandbox were compared. In Malawi, weight losses were calculated relative to the quantity stored at start, it was not cumulative. At 1.5 months no significant difference was among treatments. By 3.5 months the pit-steps method emerged to be superior and continued to 6.5 months. Losses in granary were due to shriveling, in the pit-stepsdue to termites and rats, and in ventilated pit due to termites, rats and Java black rot. Sprouting was high in pit-steps, but it was simply removed and roots returned to storage. At 6.5 months, the beta-carotene of Zondeni roots was traceable. Farmers gained high price when selling them as roots were scarce. Women favored the pit-steps because it was manageable. In Ghana, the sandbox was superior to local moistened heap. Methods designed were suitable for home consumption, but will require modification for commercialization.

关键词： Sand storage sweetpotato orange-fleshed sweetpotato local knowledge shelf-life of storage roots beta-carotene.

Effect of Seasons on Theanine Levels in Different Kenyan Commercially Released Tea Cultivars and Its Variation in Different Parts of the Tea Shoot

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第15期6卷 1450-1459页

作者： Too C. Janet Wanyoko K. john Kinyanjui Thomas Moseti O. Kelvin Wachira N. Francis Department of Chemistry Egerton University Njoro Kenya Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Tea Research Institute Kericho Kenya Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in East and Central Africa Entebbe Uganda

A study was conducted to determine the effect of seasons in 23 different Kenyan commercially released tea cultivars. This was done for three seasons viz: cold and wet, cold and humid, hot and dry. The cold and wet season was shown to be the best for obtaining high levels of theanine while the hot and dry season resulted in decrease in theanine levels in most of the test cultivars thus showing seasonal variation on the levels of theanine. Theanine content was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). On average, TRFK 31/8 contained 1.20% dw of theanine and highest in green tea while TRFK 56/89 contained 0.97% dw of theanine and highest in black tea. Green tea contained higher theanine levels than black tea and this has been shown in most of the test cultivars. To achieve the health benefits of theanine, one should drink 4 cups of tea brewed from cultivars with 0.63% dw and more of theanine. Also theanine levels were determined in the different partitions of the tea shoot (4 leaves + bud) and the internode contained the highest theanine levels up to 3.26% dw for both cultivars compared to the leafy partitions.

关键词： Cultivars Partitions Seasons Tea Theanine

血管性认知损害诊断的进一步规范化：血管性认知损害分类共识研究组指南

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国际脑血管病杂志 2018年第4期26卷 241-250页

作者： Olivia A. Skrobot Sandra E. black Christopher Chen Charles DeCarli Timo Erkinjuntti Gary A. Ford Rajesh N. Kalaria john O'Brien Leonardo Pantoni Florence Pasquier Gustavo C. Roman Anders Wallin Perminder Sachdev Ingmar Skoog the VICCCS group Yoav Ben-Shlomo Anthony P. Passmore Seth Love Patrick G. Kehoe 朱婷珂徐俊 Translational Health Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK Sunnybrook Research Institute University of Toronto Ontario Canada Department of Pharmacology National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience University of California at Davis Sacramento California USA Neurology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland Divison of Medical Sciences Oxford University Oxford UK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle UK Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine Cambridge UK NEUROFARBA Department University of FlorenceFlorence Italy Inserm U1171 University of Lille Lille France Methodist Neurological Institute Houston Texas USA Memory Clinic at Department of Neuropsychiatry Sahlgrenska University Hospital Molndal Sweden Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Sweden School of Psychiatry University of New South WalesSydney Australia Neuropsychiatric Institute Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick New South WalesAustralia Population Health Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK Institute of Institute of Clinical Sciences Block B Queens University Belfast Belfast UK 116044 大连医科大学 116044 苏北人民医院神经内科扬州225001 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经内科北京100069

引言血管性认知损害（vascular cognitive impairment,VCI）诊断共识的缺乏（体现为多种不同评估方案的使用）,妨碍了对其理解和治疗的推进.多个国家的大量临床医生和研究人员参与了2个阶段血管性认知损害分类共识研究（Vascular Impair... 详细信息

引言血管性认知损害（vascular cognitive impairment,VCI）诊断共识的缺乏（体现为多种不同评估方案的使用）,妨碍了对其理解和治疗的推进.多个国家的大量临床医生和研究人员参与了2个阶段血管性认知损害分类共识研究（Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study,VICCCS）,旨在就VCI的诊断原则（VICCCS-1）和诊断方案（VICCCS-2）达成一致意见.本文提供了VICCCS-2的相关内容.方法使用VICCCS-1达成的原则和已发表的诊断指南作为在线德尔菲（Delphi）调查的参考基点,以期对VCI的临床诊断达成共识.结果共进行了6轮调查,每轮有65～79名专家参与,他们就VICCCS修订的轻度和重度VCI的诊断指南达成共识,并肯定了美国国立神经疾病与卒中研究所-加拿大卒中网（National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke–Canadian Stroke Network,NINDS-CSN）发布的神经心理学评估方案和对影像学检查的推荐意见.讨论VICCCS-2建议规范化应用NINDS-CSN推荐的神经心理学和影像学评估方案诊断VCI,以促进研究协作.

关键词：血管性认知损害血管性痴呆指南标准共识德尔菲法

卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作患者的卒中预防指南美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗卫生专业人员制定的指南

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国际脑血管病杂志 2014年第11期22卷 805-841页

作者： Walter N.Kernan Bruce Ovbiagele Henry R.black Dawn M.Bravata Marc I.Chimowitz Michael D.Ezekowitz Margaret C.Fang Marc Fisher Karen L.Furie 洪道俊黄招君李小兵周美鸿吴成斯王博卢艺吴裕臣代表美国心脏协会卒中委员会、心血管和卒中护理委员会、临床心脏病学委员会以及周围血管病委员会南昌大学第一附属医院神经内科 330006

本更新版指南旨在为缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作存活者的卒中预防提供全面和及时的循证推荐.本指南适用于所有为上述患者提供二级预防的临床医生.这些循证推荐包括危险因素的控制、血管闭塞的干预、心源性栓塞的抗栓治疗以及非心源性... 详细信息

本更新版指南旨在为缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作存活者的卒中预防提供全面和及时的循证推荐.本指南适用于所有为上述患者提供二级预防的临床医生.这些循证推荐包括危险因素的控制、血管闭塞的干预、心源性栓塞的抗栓治疗以及非心源性栓塞性卒中的抗血小板治疗.还对各种特殊情况下复发性卒中的预防提供了推荐意见,包括主动脉弓粥样硬化、动脉夹层分离、卵圆孔未闭、高同型半胱氨酸血症、高凝状态、抗心磷脂抗体综合征、镰状细胞病、脑静脉窦血栓形成以及妊娠.此外,还有专门的章节对颅内出血后抗栓和抗凝治疗的应用以及指南的实施进行了讨论.

关键词：美国心脏协会声明心房颤动颈动脉狭窄高血压缺血短暂性脑缺血发作预防卒中

Influence of Location of Production, Season and Genotype on Caffeine and Flavan-3-ols in Young Green Tea （Camellia sinensis） Leaves in Kenya

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2013年第8期3卷 557-574页

作者： Bowa O. Kwachl Philip O. Owuor David M. Kamau john K. Wanyoko Samson M. Kamunya Department of Chemistry Maseno University Maseno 333-40105 Kenya Tea Research Foundation of Kenya Kericho 820-20200 Kenya

Although tea is grown in agro-ecological regions widely varying in environmental factors affecting yield and quality, planters usually import genetic materials across the different growing regions assuming genotypes with good quality attributes in one location maintain their status in all regions. However, tea quality has not been replicated in new production regions. black tea quality is influenced by the green leaf quality precursors including caffeine, total polyphenols and individual flavan-3-ols which are precursors of theaflavins and thearubigins, key plain black tea quality parameters. Factors influencing levels of the precursors compounds have not been quantified for popular Kenyan tea cultivars. The influence of geographical production location and seasons on levels and ratios of the quality precursors for 10 black tea popular clones grown in three locations in Kenya under uniform agronomic inputs were monitored. Caffeine varied significantly （P _〈 0.05） with clones and location but not with season. The flavan-3-ols and their ratios all varied （P 〈 0.05） with clones and site but not with season, with significant interactions （P 〈 0.05） between locations and clones, and locations and seasons. These results explain the observed variations in plain black tea quality due to clones and location of production. Thus, farmers in different locations are unlikely to produce black tea of same quality. It is therefore necessary to evaluate new tea genotypes in intended growing areas to establish cultivars suitable for producing high quality plain black teas in the locations. Seasonal variations in plain black tea in Kenya are unlikely to vary significantly due to flavan-3-ols.

关键词： Camellia sinensis flavan-3-ols location of production clones seasons.

Productivity and nutritive quality of dallisgrass (<i>Paspalum dilatatum</i>) as influenced by cutting height and rate of fertilization with poultry litter or commercial fertilizer

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 455-465页

作者： Elias J. Bungenstab Adolfo C. Pereira Jr. john C. Lin James L. Holliman Russell B. Muntifering Van Beek Nutrition Pocatello USA Elanco Animal Health Greenfield USA Department of Animal Sciences Auburn University Auburn USA

Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum) is well adapted to the black Belt region of the southeastern US, and information on its productivity and nutritive quality as influenced by fertility is needed. In each yr of a 2-yr study, an existing dallisgrass pasture that had been subdivided into 48 plots of 9.3 m2 each was fertilized with the equivalent of 34 (34N), 67 (67N), 101 (101N) or 134 (134N) kg N/ha from poultry litter (PL) or commercial fertilizer (CF;NH4NO3). In both years, primary-growth and vegetative regrowth forage was harvested in mid-August and late September, respectively, and forage from each harvest was clipped to either a 5- or 10-cm stubble height. Forage cut to a 5-cm height yielded 71% more (P black Belt soils.

关键词： Dallisgrass Productivity Nutritive Quality Poultry Litter

Selected Inorganic Nutrients in black Tea from Three Tea Growing Agro-Ecological Areas in Kenya

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第4期5卷 473-479页

作者： Mangenya Thaddeus Mose Kelvin O. Moseti john K. Wanyoko johnson K. Kinyua Daniel Kariuki Esther N. Magiri Martin A. Obanda Biochemistry Department Jomo Kenyatta University of Agricul-ture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Research Production and Extension Department Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Tea Processing and Value Addition Programme Tea Research Foundation of Kenya Kericho Kenya

The tea plant absorbs dissolved nutrients from soils for its normal growth and development, though to different extents. Nutrients play vital roles in various metabolic processes, their deficiency or excess being deleterious to living organisms. A study was carried out to quantitatively assess the inorganic nutrient content (K, P, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu) of twelve black tea samples sourced from Murang’a, Meru and Kisii tea growing agro-ecological areas in Kenya. K and P were quantified using a flame photometer and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer respectively whereas Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu were quantified using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The general accumulation pattern of the inorganic nutrients in the tea samples was established to be;K (1.6% ± 0.05%-2.1% ± 0.01%) > P (0.30% ± 0.01%-0.37% ± 0.04%) > Ca (0.16% ± 0.01%-0.62% ± 0.03%) > Mn (0.07% ± 0.009%-0.13% ± 0.004%) > Fe (136 ± 8-320 ± 5 μg/g) > Zn (27 ± 1-39 ± 7 μg/g) > Cu (10 ± 3-16 ± 1 μg/g). Statistically significant differences (p black tea from the different tea factories as well as agro-ecological areas. These data demonstrate the tea plant’s ability to accumulate the studied nutrients, further underlining tea consumption as a potential dietary source of the nutritionally essential inorganic nutrients.

关键词： black Tea Inorganic Nutrients Spectrophotometry Kenya