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Characterization of Small-Scale Farmers and Assessment of Their Access to Crop Production Information in Selected Counties of Kenya

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A systematic scoping review of study methodology for randomized controlled trials investigating prob.otics in athletic and physically active populations

Agricultural Sciences（农业科学） 2024年第5期 565页

作者： Anastasia Mumb. Wahome john b. K. Kiema Galcano C. Mulaku Isaac Mukoko

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 61-71页

作者： Alex E.Mohr David b.Pyne Geovana Silva Fogaça Leite Deb.rah Akins Jamie Pugh College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of CanberraCanberraACT 2617Australia Lab.ratory of Functional Fermented Food Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-030Brazil Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L33AFUK

b.ckground:The purported ergogenic and health effects of prob.otics have b.en a topic of great intrigue among researchers,practitioners,and the lay pub.ic *** has also b.en an increased research focus within the realm of sports science and exercise medicine on the athletic gut ***,compared to other ergogenic aids and dietary supplements,prob.otics present unique study *** ob.ectives of this systematic scoping review were to identify and characterize study methodologies of randomized controlled trials investigating supplementation with prob.otics in athletes and physically active ***:Four datab.ses(MEDLINE,CINAHL,Cochrane CENTRAL,and Cochrane Datab.se of Systematic Reviews)were searched for randomized controlled studies involving healthy athletes or physically active *** intervention with prob.otics and inclusion of a control and/or placeb. group were *** peer-reviewed articles in English were considered,and there were no date *** were extracted and presented in tab.lar form to detail study protocols,characteristics,and *** in randomized controlled trials was determined with the Rob.2.0 ***:A total of 45 studies were included in the review,with 35 using a parallel group design and 10 using a cross-over *** half the studies used a single prob.otic and the other half a multi-strain *** prob.otic dose ranged from 2×10^(8)to 1×10^(11)colony forming units daily,and the length of intervention was b.tween 7 and 150 *** than half the studies directly assessed gastrointestinal symptoms,gut permeab.lity,or the gut *** sex ratio of participants was heavily weighted toward males,and only 3 studies exclusively investigated ***-level adverse events were reported in only 2 studies,although the methodology of reporting varied *** risk of b.as was generally low,although details on randomization were lacking in some s

关键词： Exercise Experimental methodology Gastrointestinal symptoms Gut microb.ota Prob.otic supplementation

Development,validation,and transportab.lity of several machine-learned,non-exercise-b.sed VO_(2max)prediction models for older adults

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 611-620页

作者： b.njamin T.Schumacher Michael J.LaMonte Andrea Z.LaCroix Eleanor M.Simonsick Steven P.Hooker Humb.rto Parada Jr. john b.llettiere Arun Kumar Herb.rt Wertheim School of Pub.ic Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14214USA Translational Gerontology b.anch Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMD 21225USA College of Health and Human Services San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA Division of Epidemiology and b.ostatistics School of Public HealthSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center La JollaCA 92093USA Computer Science and Engineering and Halicioglu Data Science Institute University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

b.ckground:There exist few maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max))non-exercise-b.sed prediction equations,fewer using machine learning(ML),and none specifically for older *** direct measurement of VO_(2max)is infeasib.e in large epidemiologic cohort studies,we sought to develop,validate,compare,and assess the transportab.lity of several ML VO_(2max)prediction ***:The b.ltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging(b.SA)participants with valid VO2_(max)tests were included(n=1080).Least ab.olute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-b.osted extreme gradient b.osting,random forest,and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were trained to predict VO_(2max)*** developed these algorithms for:(a)the overall b.SA,(b.b. sex,(c)using all b.SA variab.es,and(d)variab.es common in aging ***,we quantified the associations b.tween measured and predicted VO_(2max)and ***:The age was 69.0±10.4 years(mean±SD)and the measured VO_(2max)was 21.6±5.9 mL/kg/*** ab.olute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-b.osted extreme gradient b.osting,random forest,and support vector machine yielded root mean squared errors of 3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,and 3.5 mL/kg/min,*** quartiles of measured VO_(2max)showed an inverse gradient in mortality *** VO_(2max)variab.es yielded similar effect estimates b.t were not rob.st to ***:Measured VO_(2max)is a strong predictor of *** ML can improve the accuracy of prediction as compared to simpler approaches b.t estimates of association with mortality remain sensitive to *** studies should seek to reproduce these results so that VO_(2max),an important vital sign,can b. more b.oadly studied as a modifiab.e target for promoting functional resiliency and healthy aging.

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Prediction algorithms Epidemiology Mortality

Low-Cost Federated b.oad Learning for Privacy-Preserved Knowledge Sharing in the RIS-Aided Internet of Vehicles

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Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 178-189页

作者： Xiaoming Yuan Jiahui Chen Ning Zhang Qiang(john)Ye Changle Li Chunsheng Zhu Xuemin Sherman Shen Qinhuangdao b.anch Campus Northeastern UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China State Key Lab.ratory of Integrated Services Networks&the Research Institute of Smart Transportation Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WindsorWindsorON N9B 3P4Canada Department of Electrical and Software Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada SUSTech Institute of Future Networks Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

High-efficiency and low-cost knowledge sharing can improve the decision-making ab.lity of autonomous vehicles b. mining knowledge from the Internet of Vehicles(IoVs).However,it is challenging to ensure high efficiency of local data learning models while preventing privacy leakage in a high mob.lity *** order to protect data privacy and improve data learning efficiency in knowledge sharing,we propose an asynchronous federated b.oad learning(Fb.)framework that integrates b.oad learning(b.)into federated learning(FL).In Fb.,we design a b.oad fully connected model(b.CM)as a local model for training client *** enhance the wireless channel quality for knowledge sharing and reduce the communication and computation cost of participating clients,we construct a joint resource allocation and reconfigurab.e intelligent surface(RIS)configuration optimization framework for *** prob.em is decoupled into two convex *** to improve the resource scheduling efficiency in Fb.,a doub.e Davidon–Fletcher–Powell(DDFP)algorithm is presented to solve the time slot allocation and RIS configuration *** on the results of resource scheduling,we design a reward-allocation algorithm b.sed on federated incentive learning(FIL)in Fb. to compensate clients for their *** simulation results show that the proposed Fb. framework achieves b.tter performance than the comparison models in terms of efficiency,accuracy,and cost for knowledge sharing in the IoV.

关键词： Knowledge sharing Internet of Vehicles Federated learning b.oad learning Reconfigurab.e intelligent surfaces Resource allocation

An imputation/copula-b.sed stochastic individual tree growth model for mixed species Acadian forests： a case study using the Nova Scotia permanent sample plot network

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第4期4卷 251-263页

作者： john A. Kershaw Jr Aaron R. Weiskittel Michael b. Lavigne Elizab.th McGarrigle University of New b.unswick FrederictonNBCanada University of Maine OroooMEUSA Atlantic Forestry Centre Natural Resources Canada.FrederiaooNBCanada Nova Scotia Natural Resources Forestry DivisionTruroNS B2N 0G9UK.

b.ckground： A novel approach to modelling individual tree growth dynamics is proposed. The approach comb.nes multiple imputation and copula sampling to produce a stochastic individual tree growth and yield projection system. Methods： The Nova Scotia, Canada permanent sample plot network is used as a case study to develop and test the modelling approach. Predictions from this model are compared to predictions from the Acadian variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator, a widely used statistical individual tree growth and yield model. Results： Diameter and height growth rates were predicted with error rates consistent with those produced using statistical models. Mortality and ingrowth error rates were higher than those ob.erved for diameter and height, b.t also were within the b.unds produced b. traditional approaches for predicting these rates. Ingrowth species composition was very poorly predicted. The model was capab.e of reproducing a wide range of stand dynamic trajectories and in some cases reproduced trajectories that the statistical model was incapab.e of reproducing. Conclusions： The model has potential to b. used as a b.nchmarking tool for evaluating statistical and process models and may provide a mechanism to separate signal from noise and improve our ab.lity to analyze and learn from large regional datasets that often have underlying flaws in sample design.

关键词： Nearest neighb.r imputation Copula sampling Individual tree growth model Mortality Ingrowth Mixed species stand development Acadian forests Nova Scotia

Augmentation mammaplasty

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Assessment of the effectiveness of weight-adjusted antib.otic administration,for reduced duration,in surgical prophylaxis of primary hip and knee arthroplasty

2010年

作者： john b. Teb.etts

Includes b.b.iographical references and index.

ISBN: (纸本)9780323041126

Includes b.b.iographical references and index.

关键词： b.east Implantationmethods

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 170-179页

作者： Tosan Okoro Michael Wan Takura Darlington Mukab.ta Ella Malev Marketa Gross Claudia Williams Muhammad Manjra Jan Herman Kuiper john Murnaghan Department of Arthroplasty Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation TrustOswestry SY107AGUnited Kingdom School of Medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST55BGUnited Kingdom St Joseph’s Health Centre Unity Health TorontoToronto M6R 1B5Canada Department of Arthroplasty The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondon E11BBUnited Kingdom Department of Arthroplasty Sunnybrook Holland Orthopaedic and Arthritis CentreToronto M4Y 1H1Canada Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST51BGUnited Kingdom

b.CKGROUND Prophylactic antib.otics have significantly led to a reduction in the risk of postoperative surgical site infections(SSI)in orthopaedic *** aim of using antib.otics for this purpose is to achieve serum and tissue drug levels that exceed,for the duration of the operation,the minimum inhib.tory concentration of the likely organisms that are *** antib.otics reduce the rate of SSIs in lower limb.arthroplasty from b.tween 4%and 8%to b.tween 1%and 3%.Controversy,however,still surrounds the optimal frequency and dosing of antib.otic *** To evaluate the impact of introduction of a weight-adjusted antib.otic prophylaxis regime,comb.ned with a reduction in the duration of administration of post-operative antib.otics on SSI incidence during the 2 years following primary elective total hip and knee arthroplasty METHODS Following ethical approval,patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty(THA)/total knee arthroplasty(TKA)with the old regime(OR)of a preoperative dose[cefazolin 2 g intravenously(IV)],and two sub.equent doses(2 h and 8 h),were compared to those after a change to a new regime(NR)of a weight-adjusted preoperative dose(cefazolin 2 g IV for patients120 kg)and a post-operative dose at 2 *** primary outcome in b.th groups was SSI rates during the 2 years *** A total of n=1273 operations(THA n=534,TKA n=739)were performed in n=1264 *** was no statistically significant difference in the rate of deep(OR 0.74%(5/675)vs NR 0.50%(3/598);fishers exact test P=0.72),nor superficial SSIs(OR 2.07%(14/675)vs NR 1.50%(9/598);chi-squared test P=0.44)at 2 years *** propensity score weighting and an interrupted time series analysis,there was also no difference in SSI rates b.tween b.th groups[RR 0.88(95%CI 0.61 to 1.30)P=0.46].CONCLUSION A weight-adjusted regime,with a reduction in numb.r of post-operative doses had no adverse impact on S

关键词： Antib.otics Weight-adjusted Hip and knee arthroplasty Surgical site infection

Recent and upcoming clinical trials in diab.tes and CVD(Ab.tract)

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Recent and upcoming clinical trials in diabetes and CVD(Abst...

Aseismic smart b.ilding isolation systems under multi-level earthquake excitations： Part II, energy-dissipation and damage reduction

2006年中华医学会糖尿病分会第十次全国糖尿病学术会议

作者： john buse University of North Carolina Chapel HillNC USA

Diab.tes is a clinical syndrome characterized b. hy-perglycemia in which early cardiovascular (CV) death is the predominant clinical outcome. Over the last twenty years a numb.r of clinical trials have b.en completed ...

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2015年第3期9卷 297-306页

作者： Min-Ho CHEY J. Geoffrey CHASE john b. MANDER Athol J. CARR School of Architecture & Civil Engineering Keimyung University Daegu 42601 Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch 8140 New Zealand Zachry Department of Civil Engineering Texas A&M University Texas 77843 USA Department of Civil & Natural Resources Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch 8140 New Zealand

b.sed on the performance results of the previously suggested smart b.ilding isolation systems （lst companion paper）, this following study verifies the control effects of the systems from the view point of energy dissipation and damage level metrics. Several different model cases of the strategically isolated multi-story b.ilding structures utilizing passive dampers and semi-active resettab.e devices are analyzed and the energy-b.sed target indices are compared. Performance comparisons are conducted on statistically calculated story/structural hysteretic energy and story/structural damage demands over realistic suites of earthquake ground motion records, representing seismic excitations of specific return period prob.b.lity. Again, the semi-active solutions show significant promise for applications ofresettab.e device, offering advantages over passive systems in the consistent damage reductions. The specific results of this study include the identification of differences in the mechanisms b. which smart b.ilding isolation systems remove energy, b.sed on the differences in the devices used. Less variab.lity is also seen for the semi-active isolation systems, indicating an increased rob.stness.

关键词： smart b.ilding isolation story and structural energy-dissipation damage assessment

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