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Alcohol-induced Wnt signaling inhibition during bone fracture healing is normalized by intermittent parathyroid hormone treatment

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2020年第2期3卷 200-207页

作者： Esha M.Kapania.taylor JReif Aaron Tsumura Jonathan M。Eby john J.Callaci Internal Medicine-Pediatric Resident Rush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA Limb Lengthening and Complex Reconstruction Fellowship Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNYUSA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Loyola University Medical CenterMaywoodILUSA Alcohol Research Program(ARP) Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of MedicineMaywoodILUSA

Nearly half of orthopaedic trauma patients are intoxicated at the time of injury, and excess alcohol consumption increases the risk for fracture nonunion. Previous studies show alcohol disrupts fracture associated Wnt signaling required for normal bone fracture repair. Intermittent parathyroid hormone(PTH) promotes bone growth through canonical Wnt signaling, however, no studies have investigated the effect of PTH on alcohol-inhibited bone fracture repair. Male C57 BL/6 mice received two-3 day alcohol binges separated by 4 days before receiving a mid-shaft tibia fracture. Postoperatively, mice received PTH daily until euthanasia. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was analyzed at 9 days post-fracture. As previously observed, acute alcohol exposure resulted in a >2-fold decrease in total and the active form of β-catenin and a 2-fold increase in inactive β-catenin within the fracture callus. Intermittent PTH abrogated the effect of alcohol on β-catenin within the fracture callus. Upstream of β-catenin, alcohol-treated animals had a 2-fold decrease in total LRP6, the Wnt co-receptor, which was restored with PTH treatment. Alcohol nor PTH had any significant effect on GSK-3β. These data show that intermittent PTH following a tibia fracture restores normal expression of Wnt signaling proteins within the fracture callus of alcohol-treated mice.

关键词： ethanol fracture callus parathyroid hormone Wnt signaling pathway

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Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the causation of Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第5期6卷 630-632页

作者： john Hermon-taylor Department of Surgery St.George's Hospital Medical SchoolLondon SW17 OREU.K.

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis(MAP),originally called johne’s bacillus was firstdescribed from Germany in 1895 as the cause of achronic inflammatory disease of the intestine in *** the 20th century progressed,clinical andsub-clinical MAP infection in farm animals inWestern Europe appeared to become *** the early reviews available

关键词： mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis Crohn’s disease immunologic tests immunocompetence mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

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Virus entry mediated by hepatitis B virus envelope proteins

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第40期19卷 6730-6734页

作者： john M taylor Fox Chase Cancer Center PhiladelphiaPA19111United States

Hepatitis B virus(HBV),a major cause of human liver disease worldwide,encodes three envelope proteins needed for the attachment and entry of the virus into susceptible host cells.A second virus,hepatitis delta virus,which is known to enhance liver disease in HBV infected patients,diverts the same HBV envelope proteins to achieve its own assembly and *** the lab,lentiviral vectors based on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 can be assembled using the HBV envelope proteins,and will similarly infect susceptible *** article provides a partial review and some personal reflections of how these three viruses infect and of how recipient cells become susceptible,along with some consideration of questions that remain to be answered.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis delta virus Receptor Envelope proteins Entry

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Carry over from previous year environmental conditions alters dominance hierarchy in a prairie plant community

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第2期5卷 134-146页

作者： Rebecca A.Sherry john A.Arnone iii Dale W.johnson Dave S.Schimel Paul S.Verburg Yiqi Luo Department ofBotanyandMicrobiology 770VanVleetOvalRoom136University ofOklahomaNormanOK73019-6131USA Division of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences Desert Research Institute2215 Raggio ParkwayRenoNV 89512USA Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of NevadaRenoNV 89557USA National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCO 80305USA

Aims To determine if an experimentally applied anomalous weather year could have effects on species composition and community structure that would carry over into the following *** We conducted a field experiment applying two levels of temperature(ambient and+4C)and two levels of precipitation(ambient and doubled)and followed cover of plant species during the treatment year and one post-treatment *** analysis included ordination analysis,examination of species frequency distributions and comparison of cover of functional groups and individual *** Findings A drought during the summer and fall of the treatment year resulted in significant differences in community structure between the 2 years.C3 and winter annual species were depressed in the spring of the second year following the dry *** richness and legume cover increased in the second,wetter,*** caused no overall differences in community structure but did alter the dominance hierarchy of species among treatments as well as *** decreased relative cover of winter annuals and early spring-flowering species but increased other *** and double precipitation together increased cover of C4 perennial *** particular,the warming and precipitation treatments both increased the abundance of Andropogon gerardii,not individually altering the dominance hierarchy but together nearly doubling the relative cover of ***,making it the most abundant species in the combined treatment,while the cover of Bromus arvensis,the former dominant,decreased by 25%.The following year,Andropogon relative cover increased further in the former warmed plots,becoming dominant in both the formerly warmed and warmed plus double precipitation *** year following treatments also saw an increase in relative cover of summer-blooming species in the formerly warmed plots and differences among the former treatments in species richness of functional *** th

关键词： plant community structure dominance hierarchy warming increased precipitation lag effects

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Anterior glenohumeral instability:Current review with technical pearls and pitfalls of arthroscopic soft-tissue stabilization

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第1期12卷 1-13页

作者： john M Apostolakos Joshua Wright-Chisem Lawrence V Gulotta Samuel a.taylor Joshua S Dines Department of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNY 10021United States

The glenohumeral joint(GHJ)allows for a wide range of motion,but is also particularly vulnerable to episodes of *** GHJ instability is especially frequent among young,athletic populations during contact sporting *** first time dislocators can be managed non-operatively with a period of immobilization and rehabilitation,however certain patient populations are at higher risk for recurrent instability and may require surgical intervention for adequate *** of the optimal treatment strategy should be made on a case-by-case basis while weighing both patient specific factors and injury patterns(i.e.,bone loss).The purpose of this review is to describe the relevant anatomical stabilizers of the GHJ,risk factors for recurrent instability including bony lesions,indications for arthroscopic vs open surgical management,clinical history and physical examination techniques,imaging modalities,and pearls/pitfalls of arthroscopic soft-tissue stabilization for anterior glenohumeral instability.

关键词： Arthroscopic Soft-tissue Anterior instability Glenohumeral Functional anatomy Recurrent instability

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Probiotics for Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea: What, When, and How Long?

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2022年第12期13卷 571-583页

作者： john R. Ferguson Karen taylor New Paltz USA Biocodex Bedminster USA

Probiotics have been formally defined as “live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts.” Although a range of applications has been explored for probiotics, their utility in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is both biologically plausible and supported by abundant clinical evidence. However, the strength of evidence underlying the efficacy of specific strains and formulations for AAD varies widely. This review leverages recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews to clarify some outstanding issues on the utility of probiotics for AAD, including which strains have evidence for efficacy in AAD, what doses have been demonstrated to be effective, and the optimal duration of probiotic therapy, and provides practical guidance on how to select an appropriate product. Some trends emerged in this analysis of recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews, including: 1) Certain probiotics, such as Saccharomyces boulardii and some Lactobacilli-containing products, are consistently found to be effective for the management of AAD;2) Dosing thresholds for efficacy exist that must be achieved through the administration of probiotics that reliably contain the labeled amounts of probiotic constituents;3) Most effective probiotics are initiated at the same time as antibiotic therapy and continued for between 1 and 3 weeks after the cessation of therapy. These data suggest that attention must be paid to species, dose, and duration when selecting an appropriate product for patients initiating antibiotic therapy;further considerations may include the antibiotic used and the patient’s baseline risk for AAD.

关键词： Probiotics AAD Saccharomyces boulardii Lactobacilli

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Crystallographic study of Al_3Zr and Al_3Nb as grain refiners for Al alloys

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2014年第7期24卷 2034-2040页

作者：汪锋邱冬刘峙麟 john taylor Mark EASTON 张明星 School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of Queensland School of Physics and Materials Engineering Monash University

The potency of Al3Zr and Al3Nb as grain refiners for Al alloys was investigated from a crystallographic point of view using the edge-to-edge matching （E2EM） model. The results show that both Al3Zr and Al3Nb have small values of interatomic spacing misfit and interplanar spacing mismatch with respect to Al. Furthermore, energetically favourable orientation relationships predicted by the model exist between Al and each of these two intermetallic phases. In the light of the edge-to-edge matching model predictions, it is suggested that both Al3Zr and Al3Nb are potent heterogeneous nucleation refiners for Al grains from the crystallographic point of view. The present crystallographic analysis provides a more reasonable explanation for the significant grain refinement obtained in the peritectic Al-Zr and Al-Nb alloys and also provides fresh insight into the understanding of the grain refinement mechanism of Al alloys.

关键词： Al alloy A3Zr Al3Nb grain refinement peritectic crystallography E2EM model

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《心智语库--心智如何表征语言》介绍

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当代语言学 2014年第2期16卷 240-242页

作者： john taylor 王天翼不详四川外国语学院国际关系学院重庆沙坪坝400031

john taylor的《心智语库：心智如何表征语言》（The Mental Corpus ： How the Mind Represents Language）一书2012年由牛津大学出版社出版，下面介绍本书主要内容。

关键词：心智语言表征牛津大学出版社 Mind How the

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Exposure to dietary mercury alters cognition and behavior of zebra finches

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 213-219页

作者： john R SWADDLE Tessa R. DIEHL Capwell E, taylor Aaron S. FANAEE Jessica L. BENSON Neil R. HUCKSTEP Daniel A. CRISTOL Biology Department College of William and Mary Institute for Integrative Bird Behavior Studies Williamsburg VA 23187-8795 USA Biological Sciences Virginia Tech 1405 Perry Street Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

Environmental stressors can negatively affect avian cognitive abilities, potentially reducing fitness, for example by altering response to predators, display to mates, or memory of locations of food. We expand on current knowledge by investigating the effects of dietary mercury, a ubiquitous en- vironmental pollutant and known neurotoxin, on avian cognition. Zebra finches Taeniopygia gut- tata were dosed for their entire lives with sub-lethal levels of mercury, at the environmentally rele- vant dose of 1.2 parts per million. In our first study, we compared the dosed birds with controls of the same age using tests of three cognitive abilities： spatial memory, inhibitory control, and color association. In the spatial memory assay, birds were tested on their ability to learn and remember the location of hidden food in their cage. The inhibitory control assay measured their ability to ig- nore visible but inaccessible food in favor of a learned behavior that provided the same reward. Finally, the color association task tested each bird＇s ability to associate a specific color with the presence of hidden food. Dietary mercury negatively affected spatial memory ability but not inhibi- tory control or color association. Our second study focused on three behavioral assays not tied to a specific skill or problem-solving： activity level, neophobia, and social dominance. Zebra finches exposed to dietary mercury throughout their lives were subordinate to, and more active than, con- trol birds. We found no evidence that mercury exposure influenced our metric of neophobia. Together, these results suggest that sub-lethal exposure to environmental mercury selectively harms neurological pathways that control different cognitive abilities, with complex effects on be- havior and fitness.

关键词： animal behavior ecotoxicology cognition mercury spatial memory zebra finch.

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New Partnerships for Co-delivery of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第5期11卷 680-685页

作者： Adrian Bucher Andrew Collins Ben Heaven taylor David Pan Emma Visman James Norris Joel CGill john Rees Mark Felling Marta Tufet Bayona Sonia Cassidy Virginia Murray UK Collaborative on Development Research London NW12BEUK Disaster and Development Network(DDN) Department of Geography and Environmental SciencesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle-upon-Tyne NE18STUK Evidence Aid AbingdonOxfordshire OX135DBUK Global Health Medical Research Council SwindonSwindon SN21FLUK Department of Geography King's College LondonLondon WC2B 4BGUK VNG Consulting Limited Kent TN248DHUK Ordnance Survey Southampton SO16 OASUK Global Geoscience British Geological SurveyKeyworth NG125GGUK Earth Hazards and Observatories British Geological SurveyNottingham NG123ENUK ALLFED LondonUK Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health EnglandLondon SE18UGUK

Partnerships have become a comer stone of contemporary research that recognizes working across disciplines and co-production with intended users as essential to enabling sustainable ***,research that addresses sustainable development challenges brings an urgent need to reflect on the ways that partnerships are supported,and for the disaster risk management and resilience communities,efforts to support realization of the wider 2030 Agenda for sustainable development bring particular *** November 2019,the UK Disasters Research Group(DRG)brought together a number of key stakeholders focused on disaster risk,resilience,and sustainability research relevant to Official DevelopmeAssistance to consider how fit for purpose existing partnership models are for the pace of change required to deliver the priorities of the wider 2030 *** were invited to discuss how research partnerships across three levels(individual and project-based;national and institutional;and international)could be improved based on elements that facilitate robust partnerships and learning from aspects that hinder *** the discussions,participanls emphasized the importance of effective communication mechanisms in building partnerships,co-designing projects,and establishing shared *** approaches to addressing equitable partnerships and funding more substantive timelines will be key to responding to the challenges of the 2030 Agenda.

关键词： 2030 Agenda for sustainable development Disaster risk reduction DRG Inter national development Partnerships Research fun ding

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