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Measurement of the Energy Absorbed during Nanoscale Deformation of Human Peritubular and Intertubular Dentin

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2022年第4期13卷 144-157页

作者： Jiahau Yan Burak Taskonak john J. Mecholsky jr. Department of Restorative Dentistry Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis IN USA Corning Inc. Corning NY USA Private Practice Fort Lauderdale FL USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

Mineralized tissues are usually constructed of nanosized materials with ordered hierarchical structures. The main reason for their high load-bearing ability is the multi-scale hierarchy. It is important to have a method for measuring the energy absorbed during the nanoscale deformation of mineralized tissues. The objective of this study was to use a combination of nanoindentation and elastic-plastic mechanics techniques to measure the damage resistance of peritubular and intertubular dentin, based on the energy consumed in the plastic deformation regime and the volume created by the indents. The control materials were soda-lime glass, gold, and poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA). Plastic deformation energy was calculated from the plastic part of load-displacement curves. The mean values of peritubular dentin and intertubular dentin were 3.8 × 109, and 5.2 × 109 J/m3, respectively, compared to glass, PMMA, and gold which were 3.3 × 107, 1.3 × 109, and 3.1 × 109 J/m3, respectively. This method can be applied to study the resistance of mineralized tissues or organic/inorganic hybrid materials to deformation at the nanoscale.

关键词： Dentin Nano-Indentation Plastic Deformation Energy Elastic-Plastic Mechanics

债务减免对宏观经济表现的影响 ——来自负债累累的发展中国家小组的证据

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债务减免对宏观经济表现的影响 ——来...

作者： john A. Lewis,jr. 厦门大学

学位级别：硕士

本文研究了高负债国家的债务豁免与经济增长之间的关系。研究结果显示,债务豁免对经济增长和固定资本形成总额产生了积极而重大的影响。此外结果进一步表明,债务豁免对经济增长具有动态影响:这些影响仅在四年内是正向且显著的。研究结... 详细信息

本文研究了高负债国家的债务豁免与经济增长之间的关系。研究结果显示,债务豁免对经济增长和固定资本形成总额产生了积极而重大的影响。此外结果进一步表明,债务豁免对经济增长具有动态影响:这些影响仅在四年内是正向且显著的。研究结果还显示,给予重债穷国债务豁免可有效缓解该国的通货膨胀。因此,债务豁免减少了政府为其债务人提供服务的政策不确定性,同时增加了其财政空间。本文使用动态面板估计方法,控制了国家固定效应和特定国家时间趋势,并且上述发现对于不同的模型设定是稳健的。

关键词：债务豁免重债穷国固定资本形成总额通货膨胀

Asynopsis of the book Striking a balance :improving stewardship of marine areas

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2000年第4期12卷 506-509页

作者： Cairns jr.john Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 美国 Blacksburg VA 240 6 1

Sustainable use of the planet will require a more robust regulatory and management framework for marine areas as advances in offshore technology and changes in market conditions lead to an increase in coastal populations and marine recreation and tourism. Although each area of the world presents unique problems, many principles of stewardship, which can appropriately modified, will serve well anywhere on the planet. The purpose of this brief synopsis is to share these principles ot stewardship with colleagues in China. This volume (Striking a balance: improving stewardship of marine areas) notes:' In addition to the governance problems created by multiple nonmarket uses of marine resources and maintaining access to them, existing systems have two fundamental problems first, fragmentation among federal and local agencies and second, not enough participation and coordination of interests at the local level'( p. 4 ). Although this book focuses on marine ecosystems associated with the United States coastline( such as the Gulf of maine/Massachusetts Bay, the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary/Florida Bay ecosystem, and the Southern California coast), the issues, the problems, and strategies should be, with minor adjustments, fully applicable anywhere in the world. The following general elements of the framework for improved governance and management of marine areas are given as recommendations(p. 5)[Comments given in brackets are those of the author].

关键词： Asynopsis of the book Striking a balance improving stewardship of marine areas

Applied Management Science 2nd ed.

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Dendroclimatic analysis of white pine (Pinus strobus L.)using long-term provenance test sites across eastern North America

2002年

作者： Lawrence, john A., jr./ Pasternack, Barry Alan

ISBN: (纸本)9780471391906

在线阅读本书Emphasizes building the most appropriate model possible from the available data. Major focus is on analysis and communication of results to management. Teaches readers how to conduct a management science study, analyze different situations, break down the steps of problem–solving, write a business report, and effectively communicate study results to management. A supporting CD–ROM is packaged with every book to include three complete additional chapters, additional cases and problems for every chapter, coverage of key algorithms and derivations, a review of statistics, the complete WINQSB package developed by Yih–Long Chang, and Excel files for every chapter. Computer Integrated Approach: Use of Excel, WinQSB, and LINDO for windows integrated throughout text for use in solving models.

关键词： Management

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第3期5卷 221-235页

作者： Sophan Chhin Ronald S.Zalesny jr.William C.Parker john Brissette Division of Forestry and Natural Resources West Virginia University322 Percival HallPO Box 6125MorgantownWV26506USA USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station5985Highway KRhinelanderWI 54501USA Ontario Forest Research Institute 1235Queen St.ESault Ste.MarieON P6A 2E5Canada USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station271Mast RoadDurhamNH 03824USA

Background: The main objective of this study was to examine the climatic sensitivity of the radial growth response of 13 eastern white pine(Pinus strobus L.) provenances planted at seven test sites throughout the northern part of the species’ native distribution in eastern North ***: The test sites(i.e., Wabeno, Wisconsin, USA; Manistique, Michigan, USA; Pine River, Michigan, USA; Newaygo,Michigan, USA; Turkey Point, Ontario, Canada; Ganaraska, Ontario, Canada; and Orono, Maine, USA) examined in this study were part of a range-wide white pine provenance trial established in the early 1960 s in the eastern United States and Canada. Principal components analysis(PCA) was used to examine the main modes of variation [first(PC1) and second(PC2) principal component axes] in the standardized radial growth indices of the provenances at each test *** year scores for PC1 and PC2 were examined in relation to an array of test site climate variables using multiple regression analysis to examine the commonality of growth response across all provenances to the climate of each test site. Provenance loadings on PC1 and PC2 were correlated with geographic parameters(i.e., latitude, longitude,elevation) and a suite of biophysical parameters associated with provenance origin ***: The amount of variation in radial growth explained by PC1 and PC2 ranged from 43.4% to 89.6%. Dendroclimatic models revealed that white pine radial growth responses to climate were complex and differed among sites. The key dendroclimatic relationships observed included sensitivity to high temperature in winter and summer, cold temperature in the spring and fal(i.e., beginning and end of the growing season), summer moisture stress, potential sensitivity to storminduced damage in spring and fal, and both positive and negative effects of higher winter snowfal. Separation of the loadings of provenances on principal component axes was mainly associated with temperature-related bioclima

关键词： Adaptation Climate change Dendrochronology Seed source

Fast prediction of indoor airflow distribution inspired by synthetic image generation artificial intelligence

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Building Simulation 2023年第7期16卷 1219-1238页

作者： Cary A.Faulkner Dominik S.Jankowski john E.Castellini jr.Wangda Zuo Philipp Epple Michael D.Sohn Ali Taleb Zadeh Kasgari Walid Saad Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA HySON Institut SonnebergGermany Department of Architectural Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Coburg University of Applied SciencesCoburgGermany Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia TechArlingtonVAUSA

Prediction of indoor airflow distribution often relies on high-fidelity,computationally intensive computational fluid dynamics(CFD)*** intelligence(Al)models trained by CFD data can be used for fast and accurate prediction of indoor airflow,but current methods have limitations,such as only predicting limited outputs rather than the entire flow ***,conventional Al models are not always designed to predict different outputs based on a continuous input range,and instead make predictions for one or a few discrete *** work addresses these gaps using a conditional generative adversarial network(CGAN)model approach,which is inspired by current state-of-the-art Al for synthetic image *** create a new Boundary Condition CGAN(BC-CGAN)model by extending the original CGAN model to generate 2D airflow distribution images based on a continuous input parameter,such as a boundary ***,we design a novel feature-driven algorithm to strategically generate training data,with the goal of minimizing the amount of computationally expensive data while ensuring training quality of the Al *** BC-CGAN model is evaluated for two benchmark airflow cases:an isothermal lid-driven cavity flow and a non-isothermal mixed convection flow with a heated *** also investigate the performance of the BC-CGAN models when training is stopped based on different levels of validation error *** results show that the trained BC-CGAN model can predict the 2D distribution of velocity and temperature with less than 5%relative error and up to about 75,ooo times faster when compared to reference CFD *** proposed feature-driven algorithm shows potential for reducing the amount of data and epochs required to train the Al models while maintaining prediction accuracy,particularly when the flow changes non-linearlywith respectto an input.

关键词： artificial intelligence indoor airflow conditional generative adversarial network computational fluid dynamics

A randomized trial comparing the Tennant Biomodulator to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and traditional Chinese acupuncture for the treatment of chronic pain in military service members

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Military Medical Research 2020年第2期7卷 140-150页

作者： Kimberly S.Peacock Erika Stoerkel Salvatore Libretto Weimin Zhang Alice Inman Michael Schlicher john D.Cowsar jr.David Eddie Joan Walter University of Texas Health San Antonio 7703 Floyd Curl DriveSan AntonioTX78229USA TLI Foundation 1750 Tysons BoulevardMcLeanVirginia22102USA Henry M.Jackson Foundation 6720A Rockledge DriveBethesdaMD20817USA BD Life Sciences 1 Becton DriveFranklin LakesNJ07417USA Brooke Army Medical Center 3551 Roger Brooke DriveFort Sam HoustonTX78234USA Madigan Army Medical Center 9040A Jackson AveJoint Base Lewis-McChordWA98431USA MedPost Urgent Care Center 513 Cibolo Valley DriveCiboloTX78108USA Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School151 Merrimac St.6th FloorBostonMA02114USA H&S Ventures Samueli Integrative Health Program1800 Diagonal RoadSuite 617AlexandriaVA22314USA

Background:The present investigation tested the efficacy of the Tennant Biomodulator,a novel pain management intervention that uses biofeedback-modulated electrical stimulation,to reduce chronic pain and its psychosocial sequelae in a sample of current and former military service *** Tennant Biomodulator used on its most basic setting was compared to two commonly used,non-pharmacological pain treatments—traditional Chinese acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS)—in a comparative efficacy,randomized,open-label ***:Participants included 100 active duty and retired service men and women with chronic pain undergoing treatment at the Brooke Army Medical Center in Texas,USA,randomly assigned to receive six,weekly sessions of either Tennant Biomodulator treatment,traditional Chinese acupuncture,or TENS,in addition to usual *** was conducted between May 2010 to September *** measures were collected at intake,before and after each treatment session,and at a 1-month ***-to-treat analyses were used throughout,with mixed models used to investigate main effects of group,time,and group×time interactions with consideration given to quadratic *** measured included ratings of chronic pain,pain-related functional disability,and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and ***:On average,regardless of their treatment group,participants exhibited a 16%reduction in pain measured by the Brooke Army Medical Center’s Clinic Pain Log[F(1,335)=55.7,P<0.0001]and an 11%reduction in pain-related disability measured by the Million Visual Analog Scale[MVAS:F(1,84)=28.3,P<0.0001]from baseline to the end of treatment,but no one treatment performed better than the other,and the reductions in pain and pain-related disability were largely lost by 1-month *** of PTSD and depression did not change significantly as a function of time or ***:Findings build on previ

关键词： Tennant biomodulator Acupuncture Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation Chronic pain Military service members

Engineering electromagnetics / 6th ed.

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GERALD D. SCHMIDT & LARRY S. ROBERTS' FOUNDATIONS OF PARASITOLOGY / 6th ed.

丛书名： McGraw-Hill series in electrical engineering

2001年

作者： William H. Hayt jr. john A. Buck.

Includes index.

ISBN: (纸本)0072304243

Includes index.

关键词： Electromagnetic theory.

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