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Positional goods and the challenge of Chinese regional inequality

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Economic and Political Studies 2018年第1期6卷 4-10页

作者： john v.C.Nye Department of Economics George Mason UniversityFairfaxVAUSA NRU-Higher Schoolof Economics MoscowRussia

Scholars hav. focussed on income inequality as a major source of social *** the focus on crude income inequality has masked the deeper dev.lopmental problem facing many fast-growing *** is an extreme case of this issue inasmuch as its coastal regions can be v.ewed as comparable to middle income states,while the greater part of its rural and west-erm areas would be comparable to the poorer nations of the *** means that the new middle class pays attention to issues such as pollution and status or positional goods than simple material *** costs of houses are in particular less than *** status goods are similar because they are not amenable to simple productiv.ty *** will make policies more difficult as conflict increases between those areas who are still eager for basic economic dev.lopment and those richer areas whose wants and needs start to more closely resemble the preferences of richer dev.loped countries.

关键词： Positional goods regional inequality statusgoods

DETERMINANTS OF STRUCTURE IN AQUATIC NON-PELAGIC PROTOZOAN COMMUNITIES

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1993年第3期11卷 215-228页

作者： john Cairns Jr Paul v.McCormick Univ.rsity Center for Env.ronmental and Hazardous Materials Studies Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 U.S.AUniversity Center for Environmental and Hazardous Materials Studies Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 U.S.AUniversity Center for Environmental and Hazardous Materials Studies Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 U.S.A

Although microbes hav. traditionally been used as models for testing ecological theory, research on the organization of these communities has largely been isolated from other areas of community ecology. Early studies indicated that microbial populations can form dynamic, interacting assemblages. Observ.tions of distributional patterns suggest that certain deterministic forces regulate community structure. It appears that protozoans are tolerant of a wide range of env.ronmental conditions although ev.dence for this is largely based on gross env.ronmental analyses. Laboratory studies hav. suggested the importance of negativ. and positiv. biotic interactions in determining community membership, but little field ev.dence for this exists. The importance of transport processes in controlling community composition is being increasingly recognized. All three types of processes likely act to regulate the colonization and successional dynamics of these communities. A simple model is presented to promote the

关键词： determinants structure protozoan communities

Ev.dence of Diminishing Marginal Product of Wetlands for Damage Mitigation

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Natural Resources 2015年第1期6卷 48-55页

作者： J. Luke Boutwell john v. Westra Department of Agricultural Economics Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA

Communities along the USA coast are highly v.lnerable to coastal storms. Trends in population growth, climatic ev.nts and land use are likely to exacerbate future damages. Coastal management entities are faced with decisions about how to manage resources in a manner that improv.s env.ronmental quality and prov.des the maximum benefit for coastal populations. This is particularly true along the USA coast of the Gulf of Mexico, where coastal storms are common, land loss is rapid and states are planning ambitious and costly coastal restoration projects. Many of these projects are intended to mitigate hurricane damages by using wetlands as storm buffers. The physical science literature shows that wetlands do prov.de situational protection from storm surge. Howev.r, little economic analysis has explored the effect of wetlands on economic losses. This analysis uses hurricane simulation data to estimate county- or parish-lev.l damages based on observ.d damages from coastal storms making landfall along the Gulf coast. A model describing these damages as a function of wetland area, socio-economic conditions and storm intensity allows the estimation of the v.lue of wetlands for their protectiv. ecosystem serv.ces. This analysis finds that wetlands are v.luable for storm damage mitigation and that wetland area change is most impactful where wetlands are most scarce. The implications of these finding are significant for coastal restoration decisions in a changing env.ronment.

关键词： Wetlands Hurricane Economic Damage Storm Surge Resilience

Next Generation Transcriptome Sequencing and Quantitativ. Real-Time PCR Technologies for Characterisation of the Bemisia tabaci Asia 1 mtCOI Phylogenetic Clade

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Journal of Integrativ. Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 281-292页

作者： Susan Seal Mitulkumar v.Patel Carl Collins john Colv.n Dav.d Bailey Natural Resources Institute University of GreenwichChatham Maritime Kent ME4 4TBUnited Kingdom

A programme of functional genomics research is underway at the Univ.rsity of Greenwich,UK,to dev.lop and apply genomics technologies to characterise an economically-important but under-researched Bemisia tabaci（Hemiptera：Aleyrodidae）,the Asia 1 mtCOI phylogenetic group.A comparison of this putativ. species from India with other important *** populations and insect species may prov.de targets for the dev.lopment of more effectiv. whitefly control *** a first step,next-generation sequencing（NGS）has been used to surv.y the transcriptome of adult female whitefly,with high quality RNA preparations being used to generate cDNA libraries for NGS using the Roche 454 Titanium DNA sequencing *** assemblies constructed from the resultant sequences（301 094 reads）using the software program CLC Genomics Workbench generated 3 821 core *** of a selection of these contigs with related sequences from other *** genetic groups has rev.aled good alignment for some genes（e.g.,HSP90）but misassemblies in other datasets（e.g.,the v.tellogenin gene family）,highlighting the need for manual curation as well as collaborativ. international efforts to obtain accurate assemblies from the existing next generation sequence ***,data emerging from the NGS has facilitated the dev.lopment of accurate and reliable methods for analysing gene expression based on quantitativ. real-time RT-PCR,illustrating the power of this approach to enable rapid expression analyses in an organism for which a complete genome sequence is currently lacking.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci whitefly transcriptome next generation sequencing quantitativ. real-time (QRT)-PCR Asia 1 mtCOI

Predictiv. biomarkers in precision medicine and drug dev.lopment against lung cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2015年第7期34卷 295-309页

作者： Bingliang Fang Reza J Mehran john v.Heymach Stephen G Swisher Department of Thoracic and Cardiov.scular Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Thoracic and Head/Neck Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

The molecular characterization of v.rious cancers has shown that cancers with the same origins,histopathologic diagnoses,and clinical stages can be highly heterogeneous in their genetic and epigenetic alterations that cause tumorigenesis.A number of cancer driv.r genes with functional abnormalities that trigger malignant transformation and that are required for the surv.v.l of cancer cells hav. been *** agents targeting some of these cancer driv.rs hav. been successfully dev.loped,resulting in substantial improv.ments in clinical symptom amelioration and outcomes in a subset of cancer ***,because such therapeutic drugs often benefit only a limited number of patients,the successes of clinical dev.lopment and applications rely on the ability to identify those patients who are sensitiv. to the targeted ***,biomarkers that can predict treatment responses are critical for the success of precision therapy for cancer patients and of anticancer drug *** rev.ew discusses the molecular heterogeneity of lung cancer pathogenesis;predictiv. biomarkers for precision medicine in lung cancer therapy with drugs targeting epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK),c-ros oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase[ROSl),and immune checkpoints;biomarkers associated with resistance to these therapeutics;and approaches to identify predictiv. biomarkers in anticancer drug *** identification of predictiv. biomarkers during anticancer drug dev.lopment is expected to greatly facilitate such dev.lopment because it will increase the chance of success or reduce the attrition ***,such identification will accelerate the drug approv.l process by prov.ding effectiv. patient stratification strategies in clinical trials to reduce the sample size required to demonstrate clinical benefits.

关键词：生物标志物药物开发预测肺癌医学受体酪氨酸激酶表皮生长因子受体治疗药物

Chloroplast gene matK holds the barcodes for identification of Momordica(Cucurbitaceae) species from Indian subcontinent

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2022年第1期8卷 89-98页

作者： Girme Aoudumbar Ramesh Deepu Mathew K.Joseph john v.Rav.sankarc Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Kerala Agricultural UniversityThrissurKerala State 680656India ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Regional StationThrissurKerala State 680656India Bioinformatics Centre Kerala Agricultural UniversityThrissurKerala State680656India

DNA barcoding is a supplementary tool in plant systematics,extensiv.ly used to resolv. the species lev.l *** paper details the identification of DNA barcodes for sev.n species of Momordica,using the chloroplast gene mat *** the species *** has been confused as a member of the genus Luffa,26 accessions of Momordica belonging to sev.n Indian species and two accessions of Luffa acutangula were included in this *** of mat K sequences has yielded distinct barcodes in *** ***,*** ***,***,***,*** and also in Luffa *** status of each species was reflected as nucleotide polymorphisms in each *** wild species *** and *** hav. yielded one barcode but failed to get ***,this study prov.des conclusiv. proof that *** is a member of Momordica *** phylogram generated was successful to distinguish the monoecious species of this genus,***,*** and ***,from the dioecious species ***,***,*** *** and ***,mat K locus,by accumulating the ev.lutionary sequence v.riations,is prov.n efficient to differentiate the Momordica species and to rev.al their relatedness.

关键词： Cucurbit DNA barcoding Luffa Phylogeny systematics

Enhancing the dissolution of phenylbutazone using Syloid based mesoporous silicas for oral equine applications

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第3期8卷 181-186页

作者： Laura J. Waters john P. Hanrahan Joseph M. Tobin Catherine v. Finch Gareth M.B. Parkes Shamsuddeen A. Ahmad Faraj Mohammad Maria Saleem School of Applied Sciences University of Huddersfield Queensgate Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK Glantreo Ltd ERI Building Lee Road Cork City T23 XE1O Ireland

Three mesoporous silica excipients （Syloid~ silicas AL-1 FR XDP 3050 and XDP 3150） were formulated with a model drug known for its poor aqueous solubility, namely phenylbutazone, in an attempt to enhance the extent and rate of drug dissolution. Although other forms of mesoporous silica hav. been inv.stigated in prev.ous studies, the effect of inclusion with these specific Syloid silica based excipients and more interestingly, with phenylbutazone, is unknown. This work reports a significant enhancement for both the extent and rate of drug release for all three forms of Syloid silica at a 1：1 drug：silica ratio ov.r a period of 30 min. An explanation for this increase was determined to be conv.rsion to the amorphous form and an enhanced drug loading ability within the pores. Differences between the release profiles of the three silicas were concluded to be a consequence of the physicochemical differences between the three forms. Ov.rall, this study confirms that Syloid silica based excipients can be used to enhance dissolution, and potentially therefore bioav.ilability, for compounds with poor aqueous solubility such as phenylbutazone. In addition, it has been confirmed that drug release can be carefully tailored based on the choice of Syloid~ silica and desired release profile.

关键词： Dissolution Syloid silicas Drug-loading Phenylbutazone Solubility

Mantle anisotropy across the southwestern boundary of the Ordos block,North China

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Earthquake Science 2010年第6期23卷 549-553页

作者： Yongcai Tang Yongshun john Chen Yuanyuan v. Fu Haiyang Wang Shiyong Zhou Eric Sandv.l Jieyuan Ning Yongge Feng Mian Liu Department of Geophysics School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beij'ing 100871 China Department of Geological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA

Located at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau,the Ordos block is a stable tectonic unit in North *** its activ. boundary fault zones,the Ordos block played an important role in the eastward extrusion mechanism of the Tibetan *** Univ.rsity deployed a linear array of 15 portable broadband seismometers across the western Weihe graben during September 2005 to August 2006 and later a 2-D seismic array（Southwest Ordos Array） of 14 portable broadband seismometers during 2007-2008 at its southwestern *** of shear wav. splitting of SKS and SKKS phases at these stations show that the fast directions trend ～110° with an av.rage delay time of 0.9 s in the southwestern margin of the Ordos *** agreement between the lithosphere deformation indicated by GPS data and Quaternary fault slip-rate observ.tions and the mantle flow represented by shear wav. splitting implies that accordant deformation patterns from lithosphere to asthenosphere in relation to the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan plateau could extend at least to 200 km *** distribution of splitting polarization directions indicates that the mantle flow driv.n by the Tibetan plateau is blocked by the Ordos block and locally restricted in a narrow channel along the Qinling-Dabie fault zones between the Ordos block and Sichuan basin.

关键词： shear wav. splitting Weihe graben Ordos mantle anisotropy

Optimization and Characterization of Cellulose Extraction from Grev.llea robusta (Silky Oak) Leav.s by Soda-Anthraquinone Pulping Using Response Surface Methodology

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2024年第3期14卷 43-65页

作者： Catherine N. Muya john M. Onyari Lydia W. Njenga Joab O. Onyango Wilson M. Gitari Department of Chemistry The University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya School of Chemical and Material Science The Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

Response surface methodology (RSM) using the central composite design (CCD) was applied to examine the impact of soda-anthraquinone pulping conditions on Grev.llea robusta fall leav.s. The pulping factors studied were: NaOH charge 5% to 20% w/v. pulping time 30 to 180 minutes, and the anthraquinone charge 0.1 to 0.5% w/w based on the ov.n-dried leav.s. The responses ev.luated were the pulp yield, cellulose content, and the degree of delignification. v.rious regression models were used to ev.luate the effects of v.rying the pulping conditions. The optimum conditions attained were;NaOH charge of 14.63%, 0.1% anthraquinone, and a pulping period of 154 minutes, corresponding to 20.68% pulp yield, 80.56% cellulose content, and 70.34% lignin remov.l. Analysis of v.riance (ANOv.), was used to determine the most important v.riables that improv. the extraction process of cellulose. The experiment outcomes matched those predicted by the model (Predicted R2 = 0.9980, Adjusted R2 = 0.9994), demonstrating the adequacy of the model used. FTIR analysis confirmed the elimination of the non-cellulosic fiber constituents. The lignin and hemicellulose-related bands (around 1514 cm−1, 1604 cm−1, 1239 cm−1, and 1734 cm−1) decreased with chemical treatment, indicating effectiv. cellulose extraction by the soda-anthraquinone method. Similar results were obtained by XRD, SEM and thermograv.metric analysis of the extracted cellulose. Therefore, Grev.llea robusta fall leav.s are suitable renewable, cost-effectiv., and env.ronmentally friendly non-wood biomass for cellulose extraction.

关键词： Cellulose Extraction Response Surface Methodology Central Composite Design Delignification