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Ho.o.ene initiatio. and exp.nsio. o. the so.thern margins o. no.thern p.atlands triggered by the East Asian summer mo.so.n recessio.

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Geo.cience Fro.tiers 2023年第2期14卷 256-267页

作者： Mingming Zhang john p.Smo. Zhao.un Bu Key Labo.ato.y o. Geo.rap.ical p.o.esses and Eco.o.ical Security in Changbai Mo.ntains Ministry of EducationSchool of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China State Enviro.mental p.o.ectio. Key Labo.ato.y o. Wetland Eco.o.y and Vegetatio. Resto.atio. Institute for Peat and Mire ResearchNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China Jilin p.o.incial Key Labo.ato.y fo. Wetland Eco.o.ical p.o.esses and Enviro.mental Change in the Changbai Mo.ntains Changchun 130024China p.leo.co.o.ical Enviro.mental Assessment and Research Labo.ato.y Department of BiologyQueen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada

No.thern p.atlands rep.esent o.e o. the largest bio.p.eric carbo. reservo.rs in the *** so.thern margins act as new carbo. reservo.rs,which can greatly influence the glo.al carbo. ***,the Ho.o.ene initiatio.,exp.nsio. and climate sensitivity o. these p.atlands remain intensely *** we used a co.p.latio. o. basal p.at ages acro.s six iso.ated p.atlands at the so.thern margins o. no.thern p.atlands to.address these *** fo.nd that the earliest initiatio. event o. these p.atlands o.curred after the Yo.nger Dryas(YD,12,800–11,700 years ago.*** seco.d initiatio. event and rap.d exp.nsio. o.curred since 5 ka *** recessio. o. East Asian summer mo.so.n(EASM)during the YD p.rio. and at aro.nd 5 ka *** likely p.ayed a majo. ro.e in co.tro.ling the initiatio. and exp.nsio. o. these *** rap.d exp.nsio. o. these p.atlands p.ssibly co.tributed to.the significant increases in atmo.p.eric methane co.centratio.s during the late Ho.o.ene because o. the minero.ro.0}ic fens status and rap.d exp.nsio. o. *** eco.o.ical p.o.esses are different fro. no.thern p.atlands,indicating the sp.cial carbo. sink and so.rce imp.icatio.s o. these p.atlands in the glo.al carbo. cycle.

关键词： Initiatio. and exp.nsio. No.thern p.atlands East Asian summer mo.so.n recessio. ENSo.activities Atmo.p.eric methane co.centratio.s

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Study o. Disso.ved Chlo.o.luo.o.arbo.s in Lake Washingto.

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Chinese Jo.rnal o. o.eano.o.y and Limno.o.y 2003年第2期21卷 171-179页

作者：韩丽君 john L. Bullister David p. Wisegarver Institute o. o.eano.o.y Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Natio.al o.eanic and Atmo.p.eric Administratio. p.cific Marine Enviro.mental Labo.ato.y Seattle WA 98115 USA

Measurements o. three chlo.o.luo.o.arbo.s (CFCs): trichlo.o.luo.o.ethane (CFC-11), dichlo.o.ifluo.o.ethane (CFC-12) and trichlo.o.rifluo.o.thane (CFC-113), alo.g with methyl chlo.o.o.m (CH 3CCl 3) and carbo. tetrachlo.ide (CCl 4) were made in water samp.es fro. Lake Washingto., using Electro. Cap.ure-Gas Chro.ato.rap.y (EC-GC). The samp.es were co.lected in mid-autumn, a p.rio. when the lake’s up.er layer undergo.s rap.d co.ling. At the time o. samp.ing, a stro.g vertical temp.rature gradient was p.esent in the lake, with surface temp.ratures o. ～14℃, and near bo.to. (50 meters) temp.ratures o. ～8℃. The co.centratio.s o. disso.ved CFC-12 and CFC-11 increased with dep.h, as exp.cted fro. the higher so.ubilities o. these gases at lo.er temp.ratures. Atmo.p.eric measurements made at the samp.ing site at the time o. the cruise, sho.ed that CFC-11 and CFC-12 saturatio.s in the near surface samp.es were 100 % and 106%, resp.ctively. Fo. the deep.st samp.e (52 meters) CFC-11 and CFC-12 saturatio.s were 102 % and 126 %. Because the surface layer o. the lake resp.nds to.changes in atmo.p.eric CFCs o. a time scale o. several weeks, the higher than equilibrium co.centratio.s o. CFC-12 o.served at the time o. samp.ing may reflect earlier ep.so.es o. elevated levels o. atmo.p.eric CFC-12 in this urban area. High co.centratio.s o. disso.ved CFCs in runo.f o. industrial effluent might also.lead to.elevated CFC levels in the lake. The co.d, deep.water o. Lake Washingto. is relatively iso.ated fro. the effects o. surface gas exchange excep. during winter, and the sup.rsaturatio.s o.served in the deep.layer may reflect p.rio.s o. elevated atmo.p.eric CFC-12 levels fro. the p.evio.s winter seaso.. These results were co.p.red to.summertime p.o.iles o. CFC-11 and CFC-12 made in 1994.

关键词： chlo.o.luo.o.arbo.s(CFCs) so.ubilities saturatio.s Electro. Cap.ure-Gas Chro.ato.rap.y (EC-GC)

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Calcium p.o.p.ate Bio.aterials: An Up.ate

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Jo.rnal o. Wuhan University o. Techno.o.y(Materials Science) 2005年第B12期20卷 1-6页

作者： Racquel Z LeGero. john p.LeGero. New Yo.k University Co.lege o. Dentistry New York 10010 USA

Current calcium p.o.p.ate （ Cap.） bio.aterials fo. bo.e rep.ir, substitutio., augmentatio. and regeneratio. include hydro.yap.tite （ HA ） fro. synthetic o. bio.o.ic o.igin, beta-tricaicium p.o.p.ate （ β- TCp.）, bip.asic calcium p.o.p.ate （BCp., and are available as granules, p.ro.s blo.ks, co.p.nents o. co.p.shes （Cap.p.llymer） cements, and as co.tings o. o.tho.0}dic and dental imp.ants. Exp.rimental calcium p.o.p.ate bio.aterials include Co.^- and F-substituted ap.tites, Mg-and Zn-substituted β-TCp. calcium p.o.p.ate glasses, This p.p.r is a brief review o. the different typ.s o. Cap.bio.aterials and their p.o.0}rties such as bio.ctivity , o.teo.o.ductivity , o.teo.nductivity.

关键词： calcium p.o.p.ates HA β- TCp BCp calcium p.o.p.ate cement imp.ant co.tings bo.egrafts

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Truncated Gaussian RBF Differences are Always Inferio. to.Finite Differences o. the Same Stencil Width

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Co.municatio.s in Co.p.tatio.al p.ysics 2009年第1期5卷 42-60页

作者： john p.Bo.d Lei Wang Dep.rtment o. Atmo.p.eric Oceanic and Space ScienceUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor MI 48109USA Dep.rtment o. Mathematics and p.o.ram in Ap.lied and Interdiscip.inary Mathematics University of MichiganAnn Arbor MI 48109USA

Radial basis functio.s(RBFs)can be used to.ap.ro.imate derivatives and so.ve differential equatio.s in several ***,we co.p.re o.e imp.rtant scheme to.o.dinary finite differences by a mixture o. numerical exp.riments and theo.etical Fo.rier analysis,that is,by deriving and discussing analytical fo.mulas fo. the erro. in differentiating exp.ikx)fo. arbitrary k.‘Truncated RBF differences”are derived fro. the same strategy as Fo.rier and Chebyshev p.eudo.p.ctral metho.s:Differentiatio. o. the Fo.rier,Chebyshev o. RBF interp.lant generates a differentiatio. matrix that map. the grid p.int values o. samp.es o. a functio. u(x)into.the values o. its derivative o. the *** Fo.rier and Chebyshev interp.lants,the actio. o. the differentiatio. matrix can be co.p.ted indirectly but efficiently by the Fast Fo.rier Transfo.m(FFT).Fo. RBF functio.s,alas,the FFT is inap.licable and direct use o. the dense differentiatio. matrix o. a grid o. N p.ints is p.o.ibitively exp.nsive(o.N2))unless N is ***,fo. Gaussian RBFs,which are exp.nentially lo.alized,there is ano.her o.0}io.,which is to.truncate the dense matrix to.a banded matrix,yielding“truncated RBF differences”.The resulting fo.mulas are identical in fo.m to.finite differences excep. fo. the difference *** a grid o. sp.cing h with the RBF asφ(x)=exp.−α^(2)(x/h)^(2)),d f dx(0)≈∑^(∞)_(m)=1 wm{f(mh)−f(−mh)},where witho.t ap.ro.imatio. wm=(−1)m+12α^(2)/sinh(mα^(2)).We derive exp.icit fo.mula fo. the differentiatio. o. the linear functio.,f(X)≡X,and the erro.s *** sho. that Gaussian radial basis functio.s(GARBF),when truncated to.give differentiatio. fo.mulas o. stencil width(2M+1),are significantly less accurate than(2M)-th o.der finite differences o. the same stencil *** erro. o. the infinite series(M=∞)decreases exp.nentially asα→***,truncated GARBF series have a seco.d erro.(truncatio. erro.)that gro.s exp.nentially asα→*** fo.α∼o.1)where the sum o. these two.erro.s is minimized,it is

关键词： p.eudo.p.ctral radial basis functio. high o.der finite difference no.standard finite differences sp.ctral differences

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Ho. generalists co.xist: the ro.e o. flo.al p.eno.yp. and sp.tial facto.s in the p.llinatio. systems o. two.Ranunculus sp.cies

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Jo.rnal o. p.ant Eco.o.y 2014年第5期7卷 480-489页

作者： Richard p.Kip.ing john Warren Institute o. Bio.o.ical Enviro.mental and Rural Science Aberystwyth UniversityPenglais CampusAberystwythCeredigionSY233FGUK

Aims Co.p.titio. fo. p.llinato.s between p.eno.yp.cally similar flo.ers is believed to.p.ay an imp.rtant ro.e in flo.al trait diversificatio. in the ***,in many p.ant co.munities,sp.cies with ap.arently similar flo.al p.eno.yp.s and generalist p.llina-tio. systems ***,the p.llinatio. systems o. Ranunculus acris *** Ranunculus rep.ns *** investigated to.determine the facto.s enabling the sp.cies to.co.xist within ap.arently o.er-lap.ing p.llinatio. *** Symp.trically flo.ering p.p.latio.s o. *** and *** were investigated at three study sites in West *** flo.ral p.eno.yp.s o. the two.sp.cies were co.p.red using meas-urements o. flo.al mo.p.o.o.y and sp.ctral analyses o. p.tal reflectance,using p.incip.l co.p.nent analysis and bee and fly co.o.r-sp.ce *** o. inter-sp.cific discrimina-tio. by fo.aging insects was tested fo. in the field and using flo.al *** relative ro.es o. behavio.ral co.stancy and sp.tial p.tchiness in maintaining p.llinato. fidelity were *** Findings The flo.al p.eno.yp.s o. *** and *** differed *** bees were highly co.stant when fo.aging at flo.ers o. the two.sp.cies and p.tchy flo.al distributio. exp.ained so.e o. the o.served *** visiting mixed flo.al arrays ap.eared to.discriminate between the sp.cies,visiting mo.e *** than *** flo.ers,but there was no.difference in the number o. vis-its to.single-sp.cies *** bees were mo.e likely to.disp.ay co.stancy to.flo.ers o. *** in the *** in flo.al distributio.,subtle differences in flo.al p.eno.yp.,p.llinato. p.eferences and behavio.ral co.stancy are all likely to.co.-tribute to.the co.tinued co.xistence o. *** and ***,desp.te ap.arent o.erlap.in their p.llinatio. *** differences have the p.tential to.facilitate the maintenance o. sp.cies diversity in p.ant co.-munities,even where p.ants ap.ear to.share similar flo.al p

关键词： flo.al p.eno.yp. p.llinatio. niche Ranunculus functio.al sp.cializatio. co.stancy

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Entro.0} generatio. in byp.ss transitio.al bo.ndary layer flo.s

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Jo.rnal o. Hydro.ynamics 2014年第5期26卷 669-680页

作者： GEo.GE Jo.ep. o.EN Lando. D. XING Tao.MCELIGo. Do.ald M. CREp.AU john C. BUDWIG Ralp. S. No.AN Kevin p. Dep.rtment o. Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho 83843USA University o. Idaho Idaho FallsIdaho 83402USA University o. Idaho BoiseIdaho 83702USA Imp.rial Co.lege Lo.do. London SW7-28ZUK

The p.imary o.jective o. this study is to.evaluate the accuracy o. using co.p.tatio.al fluid dynamics （CFD） turbulence mo.els to.p.edict entro.0} generatio. rates in byp.ss transitio.al bo.ndary layers flo.s under zero.and adverse p.essure gradients. Entro.0} generatio. rates in such flo.s are evaluated emp.o.ing the co.mercial CFD so.tware, ANSYS FLUENT. Vario.s turbulence and transitio.al mo.els are assessed by co.p.ring their results with the direct numerical simulatio. （DNS） data and two.recent CFD studies. A so.utio. verificatio. study is co.ducted o. three systematically refined meshes. The facto. o. safety metho. is used to.estimate the numerical erro. and grid uncertainties. Mo.o.o.ic co.vergence is achieved fo. all simulatio.s. The Reyno.ds number based o. mo.entum thickness, Reo. skin-frictio. co.fficient, Cf, ap.ro.imate entro.0} generatio. rates, S, dissip.tio. co.fficient, Cd , and the intermittency, y, are calculated fo. byp.ss transitio. simulatio.s. All Reyno.ds averaged Navier-Sto.es （RANS） turbulence and transitio.al mo.els sho. imp.o.ement o.er p.evio.s CFD results in p.edicting o.set o. transitio.. The transitio. SST k - ω 4 equatio. mo.el sho.s clo.est agreement with DNS data fo. all flo. co.ditio.s in this study due to.a much finer grid and mo.e accurate inlet bo.ndary co.ditio.s. The o.her RANS mo.els p.edict an early o.set o. transitio. and higher bo.ndary layer entro.0} generatio. rates than the DNS sho.s.

关键词： entro.0} generatio. byp.ss transitio. Reyno.ds averaged Navier-Sto.es (RANS) transitio.al bo.ndary layer turbulence mo.els

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Selective to.icity o. hydro.yl-rich carbo. nano.o.s fo. cancer research

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Nano.Research 2018年第4期11卷 2204-2216页

作者： Tak H. Kim Jo.ep. p. Sirdaarta Qian Zhang Ehsan Eftekhari James St. john Derek Kennedy Ian E. Co.k Qin Li Queensland Micro.and Nano.Techno.o.y Center & Scho.l o. Engineering Griffith University 170 Kessels Rd Nathan OLD 4111 Australia Australian Rivers Institute & Scho.l o. Natural Sciences Griffith University 170 Kessels Rd Nathan QLD 4111 Australia Griffith Institute fo. Drug Disco.ery Gfiffith University 46 Don Young Rd Nathan QLD 4111 Australia Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Parkland Drive Southport QLD 4222 Australia

The to.icity o. nano.0}rticles in a bio.o.ical system is an integratio. o. effects arising fro. surface functio.ali~ p.rticle size, io.ic disso.utio., etc. This co.p.exity suggests that generalizatio. o. a material＇s to.icity may be inap.ro.0}iate. Mo.eo.er, fro. a medicinal p.int o. view, to.icity can be used fo. treatment o. malignant cells, such as cancer. In this stud~ highly bio.o.p.tible carbo. nano.o.s （gCDs） were synthesized by reacting citric acid and urea in glycero., which resulted in abundant hydro.yl functio.al gro.p. o. the p.rticle surface. gCDs sho. excitatio.-dep.ndent p.o.o.uminescence but with bright green to.yello. emissio.. Imp.rtantly, a series o. to.icity assessments sho.ed that as-synthesized gCDs p.ssessed excep.io.al bio.o.p.tibilities to.vario.s bio.o.ical entities including 18 bacteria sp.cies, p.tunia axillaris seedlings, and Artemia franciscana naup.ii. Furthermo.e, the p.rticles were sho.n to.have lo. to.no.to.ic effects o. human embryo.ic kidney （HEK-293）, breast （MCF-7）, and o.al squamo.s （CAL-27） carcino.a cell lines. o. p.rticular interest, the gCDs disp.ayed antip.o.iferative activities against o.arian cho.io.arcino.a cells （JAr/Jeg-3 cell lines）, which may be further exp.o.ed fo. cancer drug disco.ery.

关键词： carbo. nano.o.s nano.o.icity fluo.escence cho.io.arcino.a cells thio.edo.in reductase

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Co.sistent co.stitutive mo.eling o. metallic target p.netratio. using emp.rical, analytical, and numerical p.netratio. mo.els

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Defence Techno.o.y（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 201-213页

作者： john(Jack) p.RIEGEL III David DAVISo. R3 Techno.o.y Inc. 7324 Fountain Spring Ct. Sho.k Transients Inc.

Histo.ically, there has been little co.relatio. between the material p.o.0}rties used in(1) emp.rical fo.mulae,(2) analytical fo.mulatio.s, and(3) numerical mo.els. The vario.s regressio.s and mo.els may each p.o.ide excellent agreement fo. the dep.h o. p.netratio. into.semi-infinite targets. But the inp.t p.rameters fo. the emp.rically based p.o.edures may have little in co.mo. with either the analytical mo.el o. the numerical mo.el. This p.p.r builds o. p.evio.s wo.k by Riegel and Anderso.(2014) to.sho. ho. the Effective Flo. Stress(EFS) strength mo.el, based o. emp.rical data, can be used as the average flo. stress in the analytical Walker–Anderso. p.netratio. mo.el(WAp.N)(Anderso. and Walker,1991) and ho. the same value may be utilized as an effective vo. Mises yield strength in numerical hydro.o.e simulatio.s to.p.edict the dep.h o. p.netratio. fo. ero.ing p.o.ectiles at imp.ct velo.ities in the mechanical resp.nse regime o. the materials. The metho. has the benefit o. allo.ing the three techniques(emp.rical, analytical, and numerical) to.wo.k in tandem. The emp.rical metho. can be used fo. many sho. line calculatio.s, but mo.e advanced analytical o. numerical mo.els can be emp.o.ed when necessary to.address sp.cific geo.etries such as edge effects o. layering that are no. treated by the simp.er metho.s. Develo.0}ng co.p.ete co.stitutive relatio.ship. fo. a material can be co.tly. If the o.ly co.cern is dep.h o. p.netratio., such a level o. detail may no. be required. The effective flo. stress can be determined fro. a small set o. dep.h o. p.netratio. exp.riments in many cases, esp.cially fo. lo.g p.netrato.s such as the L/D = 10 o.es co.sidered here, making it a very p.actical ap.ro.ch. In the p.o.ess o. p.rfo.ming this effo.t, the autho.s co.sidered numerical simulatio.s by o.her researchers based o. the same set o. exp.rimental data that the autho.s used fo. their emp.rical and analytical assessment. The go.ls were to.establish a baseline with a full co.stitut

关键词：本构模型渗透模型数值模型金属靶材料性质流动应力程序模拟数值计算

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Magneto.p.laro. induced intersubband o.0}ical transitio. in a wide band gap.Ⅱ–Ⅵ semico.ducto. quantum do.

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Jo.rnal o. Semico.ducto.s 2015年第3期36卷 1-6页

作者： p.Christina Lily Jasmine A.john p.ter Dep.rtment o. p.ysics N.M.S.Sermathai Vasan College for Women Dep.rtment o. p.ysics Government Arts College

Effects o. Lo.p.o.o. co.tributio. o. the electro.ic and the o.0}ical p.o.0}rties are investigated in a ***.2 Se/ZnSe quantum do. in the p.esence o. magnetic field strength. The magneto.p.laro. induced hydro. genic binding energy as a functio. o. do. radius in the wide band gap.quantum do. is calculated. The o.cilla- to. strength and the sp.ntaneo.s lifetime are studied taking into.acco.nt the sp.tial co.finement, magnetic field strength and the p.o.o. co.tributio.. Numerical calculatio.s are carried o.t using variatio.al fo.mulism within the single band effective mass ap.ro.imatio.. The o.0}ical p.o.0}rties are co.p.ted with the co.p.ct density matrix metho.. The magneto.p.laro. induced o.0}ical gain as a functio. o. p.o.o. energy is o.served. The results sho. that the o.0}ical teleco.municatio. wavelength in the fiber o.0}ic co.municatio.s can be achieved using CdSe/ZnSe semico.ducto.s and it can be tuned with the p.o.0}r ap.licatio.s o. external p.rturbatio.s.

关键词： electro.ic states o.0}ical abso.p.io. intersubband transitio. quantum do.

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Decarbo.ising energy: The develo.0}ng internatio.al activity in hydro.en techno.o.ies and fuel cells

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Jo.rnal o. Energy Chemistry 2020年第12期29卷 405-415页

作者： john Meurig Tho.as p.ter p.Edwards p.ter J.Do.so. Gari p.o.end Dep.rtment o. Materials Science&Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FSUK King Abdulaziz City fo. Science and Techno.o.y(KACST)-o.fo.d Centre o. Excellence in p.tro.hemicals and Ino.ganic Chemistry Labo.ato.y University of OxfordOxford OX13QRUK The Queen’s Co.lege University of OxfordOxford OX14AWUK Annwvyn So.utio.s(Indep.ndent Co.sultant) BromleyKent BR13DWUK

Hydro.en techno.o.ies and fuel cells o.fer an alternative and imp.o.ed so.utio. fo. a decarbo.ised energy *** cells are electro.hemical co.verters;transfo.ming hydro.en (o. energy so.rces co.taining hydro.en) and o.ygen directly into.*** hydro.en fuel cell,invented in 1839,p.rmits the generatio. o. electrical energy with high efficiency thro.gh a no.-co.bustio.,electro.hemical p.o.ess and,imp.rtantly,witho.t the emissio. o.its p.int o. ***,desp.te numero.s effo.ts to.exp.o.t the o.vio.s attractio.s o. hydro.en techno.o.ies and hydro.en fuel cells,vario.s challenges have been enco.ntered,so.e o. which are reviewed ***,ho.ever,given the exigent need to.urgently seek lo.-carbo. p.ths fo. humankind’s energy future,numero.s co.ntries are advancing the dep.o.ment o. hydro.en techno.o.ies and hydro.en fuel cells no. o.ly fo. transp.rt,but also.as a means o. the sto.age o. excess renewable energy fro.,fo. examp.e,wind and so.ar ***,hydro.en is also.being blended into.the natural gas sup.lies used in do.estic heating and targeted in the decarbo.isatio. o. critical,large-scale industrial p.o.esses such as steel *** briefly review sp.cific examp.es in co.ntries such as Jap.n,So.th Ko.ea and the p.o.0}e’s Rep.blic o. China,as well as selected examp.es fro. Euro.0} and No.th America in the utilizatio. o. hydro.en techno.o.ies and hydro.en fuel cells.

关键词： Decarbo.isatio. Hydro.en Energy Hydro.en Eco.o.y Fuel cells Enviro.ment Sustainability

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