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Cross inhibition improves activity selection when switching incurs time costs

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Current Zoology 2015年第2期61卷 242-250页

作者： James A. R. MARSHALL Angelique FAVR EAU-PEIGN Lutz FROMHAGE john M. mcnamara Liarme F. S. MEAH Alasdair I. HOUSTON Department of Computer Science and University of Sheffield Sheffield S 1 4DP UK INRA UMR791 Modelisation Systemique Appliquee aux Ruminants F-75005 Paris France Department of Biological and Environmental Science P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla Finland School of Mathematics University of Bristol University Walk Bristol BS8 1TW UK School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol Life Sciences Building 24 Tyndall Avenue Bristol BS8 1TQ UK AgroParisTech UMR Modelisation Systemique Appliquee anx Ruminants F-75005 Paris France

We consider a behavioural model of an animal choosing between two activities, based on positive feedback, and exa- mine the effect of introducing cross inhibition between the motivations for the two activities. While cross-inhibition has pre- viously been included in models of decision making, the question of what benefit it may provide to an animal＇s activity selection behaviour has not previously been studied. In neuroscience and in collective behaviour cross-inhibition, and other equivalent means of coupling evidence-accumulating pathways, have been shown to approximate statistically-optimal decision-making and to adaptively break deadlock, thereby improving decision performance. Switching between activities is an ongoing decision process yet here we also find that cross-inhibition robustly improves its efficiency, by reducing the frequency of costly switches between behaviours .

关键词： Crossinhibition Geometric framework Foraging Activity selection Neuroscience Behaviour

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应用于聚丙烯无纺布的内添加型耐久亲水助剂

塑料助剂 2004年第5期 37-40页

作者： Ta-Hua Yu Andy Leggio john mcnamara George Menzie Shing Li Doug Horsey 火贤磊张小翠汽巴精化(中国)有限公司上海200137

主要介绍了一种新型的内添加型表面改性剂SM-1。它在不影响聚丙烯无纺布原有性能的前提下可以赋予无纺布持久的亲水性与抗静电性。添加此亲水助剂的无纺布,其初始透水时间可以在3s以内,能够反复冲刷10次以上,同时具有很高的吸水能力。... 详细信息

主要介绍了一种新型的内添加型表面改性剂SM-1。它在不影响聚丙烯无纺布原有性能的前提下可以赋予无纺布持久的亲水性与抗静电性。添加此亲水助剂的无纺布,其初始透水时间可以在3s以内,能够反复冲刷10次以上,同时具有很高的吸水能力。这种新型的内添加型亲水助剂能为聚丙烯无纺布带来新的价值与商机。

关键词：聚丙烯助剂添加新型表面改性剂抗静电性无纺布亲水性透水时间吸水能力

Assessment of clinical depression metrics in cardiac patients using the patient health Questionnaire-9 before and after phase-II cardiac rehabilitation

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第3期6卷 240-245页

作者： john C.Quindry Michael mcnamara Carrie Oser Crystelle Fogle Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training University of MontanaMissoulaMTUSA St.Patrick's Hospital MissoulaMTUSA Cardiovascular Health Program–Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services HelenaMTUSA

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality,a fact that is commonly associated with co-morbidities such as clinical *** phase II cardiac rehabilitation is an established intervention for those with cardiovascular disease,its effect on patients who also suffer from depression are under ***:To quantify Pre-and Post-cardiac rehabilitation questionnaire scores collected from a large patient data *** this investigation,27670 patients completed Patient Health Questionnaire-9 questionnaires both Pre-and Post-rehabilitation(averaging[28.08.7]phase II sessions).Findings reveal that questionnaire scores decreased by 40%–48%across all groups,a finding that was independent of assigned sex,race,and ***,when data were stratified for questionnaire scores that may indicate major and minor depressive disorder,phase II cardiac rehabilitation outcomes were lower by 61%and 49%*** all groups exhibited lower questionnaire scores following cardiac rehabilitation participation,numerical differences at Preand Post-rehabilitation time points indicate that males and White patients have more favorable *** latter observation,while not confirmed currently,appears to be linked to referral rates to phase II cardiac rehabilitation,which remain poor for females,racial and ethnic minorities.

关键词： Clinical depression Exercise Psychological health

Helicobacter pylori:High dose amoxicillin does not improve primary or secondary eradication rates in an Irish cohort

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第16期12卷 2773-2779页

作者： Conor Costigan Aoife M O'Sullivan Jim O'Connell Shreyashee Sengupta Thomas Butler Stephen Molloy Fintan john O'Hara Barbara Ryan Niall Breslin Sarah O'Donnell Anthony O'Connor Sinead Smith Deirdre mcnamara Trinity Academic Gastroenterology Group School of Medicine-Trinity College DublinDublin D2Ireland Department of Gastroenterology Tallaght University HospitalDublin D24 NR0AIreland

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(***)eradication rates have fallen globally,likely in large part due to increasing antibiotic resistance to traditional *** areas of high clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance such as ours,Maastricht VI guidelines suggest high dose amoxicillin dual therapy(HDADT)can be considered,subject to evidence for local *** this study we assess efficacy of HDADT therapy for *** eradication in an Irish *** To assess the efficacy of HDADT therapy for *** eradication in an Irish cohort as both first line,and subsequent therapy for patients diagnosed with *** All patients testing positive for *** in a tertiary centre were treated prospectively with HDADT(amoxicillin 1 g tid and esomeprazole 40 mg bid×14 d)over a period of 8 *** was confirmed with Urea Breath Test at least 4 wk after cessation of therapy.A delta-over-baseline>4%was considered *** demographics and treatment outcomes were recorded,analysed and controlled for basic demographics and prior *** *** One hundred and ninety-eight patients were identified with *** infection,10 patients were excluded due to penicillin allergy and 38 patients refused follow up *** all 139 were included in the analysis,55%(n=76)were female,mean age was 46.6 ***,93(67%)of patients were treatment-naïve and 46(33%)had received at least one previous course of *** groups were statistically ***-reported compliance with HDADT was 97%,mild side-effects occurred in 7%.There were no serious adverse drug *** the eradication rate for our cohort was 56%(78/139).Eradication rates were worse for those with previous treatment[43%(20/46)vs 62%(58/93),P=0.0458,odds ratio=2.15].Age and Gender had no effect on eradication *** Overall eradication rates with HDADT were *** being a simple and possibly better tolerated regime,these results do not

关键词： Helicobacter pylori eradication Helicobacter pylori High dose amoxicillin High dose amoxicillin dual therapy Triple therapy

Extended 72-hour patency capsule protocol improves functional patency rates in high-risk patients undergoing capsule endoscopy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第12期16卷 661-667页

作者： Fintan john O'Hara Conor Costigan Deirdre mcnamara Department of Gastroenterology Tallaght University HospitalDublin 24 D24 NR0AIreland Trinity Academic Gastroenterology Group School of Medicine-Trinity College DublinDublin 24 D24 NR0AIreland

BACKGROUND Capsule endoscopy(CE)is a pivotal diagnostic tool for gastrointestinal(GI)disorders,yet capsule retention poses a significant risk,especially in patients with known risk *** patency capsule(PC)helps assess the functional patency of the GI tract to mitigate this ***,the standard 28-hour protocol for confirming patency often results in high false-positive rates,unnecessarily excluding many patients from undergoing diagnostic *** To investigate the use of a 72-hour extended patency protocol to improve functional patency rates in patients at risk of capsule *** We performed a prospective,open-label study evaluating an extended 72-hour protocol for confirming functional patency with the *** over six months,135 patients with risk factors for capsule retention were *** primary endpoint was the capsule retention rate in patients with confirmed functional *** endpoints included the rates of confirmed patency via self-reporting or radiology,small bowel transit times,and adverse *** Functional patency was confirmed in 48.9%(n=66)of patients within 28 hours,with an additional 17.4%(n=12)confirmed within 72 hours,increasing the overall patency rate to 57.8%.There was no significant difference in small bowel transit time between patients confirmed for patency at 28 hours vs those confirmed at 72 ***,no capsule retention was observed in patients who were confirmed for patency under the extended ***,50%(n=39)of patients who proceeded to CE had clinically significant *** Extending the patency assessment protocol to 72 hours significantly improves the rate of confirmed functional patency without increasing the risk of capsule *** protocol is safe,effective,and cost-neutral,allowing more patients to benefit from *** studies are recommended to refine the protocol and enhance its clinical utility.

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Retention Patency Small bowel

Diurnal variation in fecal concentrations of acid-detergent insoluble ash and alkaline-peroxide lignin from cattle fed bermudagrass hays of varying nutrient content

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第4期6卷 410-415页

作者： Juvenal Kanani Dirk Philipp Kenneth P Coffey Elizabeth B Kegley Charles P West Shane Gadberry john Jennings Ashley N Young Robert T Rhein Division of Agriculture University of Arkansas Department of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech University

Background： The effect of time of fecal sampling on the accuracy of acid-detergent insoluble ash （ADIA） and alkaline-peroxide lignin （APL） for the prediction of fecal output （FO） in cattle was evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated cows （594 _＋ 35.5 kg） were allocated randomly to 4 bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon （L.） Pers.] hay diets markedly different in crude protein concentration （79-164 g/kg） with 2 replicates per diet for 3 periods. Cows were offered hay individually at 20 g DM/kg of body weight daily in equal feedings at 08：00 and 16：00 h for a 10-d adaptation period followed by 5-d of total fecal collection. Fecal grab samples also were taken each day during the fecal collection period at 06：00, 12：00, 18：00, and 24：00 h either directly from the rectum or from freshly voided feces. Samples were composited within cow and time across the 5 d total fecal collection period. Additionally, forage, ort, and fecal samples were analyzed for concentrations of APL and ADIA. Results： Fecal concentrations of ADIA and APL were not affected by sampling time （P 〉 0.22）, even though diet affected （P 〈 0.01） fecal ADIA and APL concentrations. There were no diet x sampling time interactions （P ≥ 0.60）. Estimates of FO and dry matter digestibility （DMD） from ADIA and APL were not affected （P 〉 0.16） by sampling time or the diet x sampling time interaction （P 〉 0.74）. Estimates of FO and DMD from markers from different sampling times or all different combinations of sampling time were not different （P 〉 0.72） from those of total collection among internal markers. Conclusion： Little variation in concentrations of ADIA and APL in daily fecal excretion across time increases flexibility in fecal grab sampling schedules for predicting FO and DMD.

关键词： Digestibility Fecal sampling time Internal markers Bermudagrass Cattle

Comparison of acid-detergent lignin,alkaline-peroxide lignin,and acid-detergent insoluble ash as internal markers for predicting fecal output and digestibility by cattle offered bermudagrass hays of varying nutrient composition

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 310-317页

Background： The potential for acid-detergent insoluble ash （ADIA）, alkaline-peroxide lignin （APL）, and acid-detergent lignin （ADL） to predict fecal output （FO） and dry matter digestibility （DMD） by cattle offered bermudagrass [Cynodon doctylon （L） Pers.] hays of different qualities was evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated cows （594 ± 35.5 kg） were allocated randomly to 4 hay diets： low （L）, medium low （ML）, medium high （MH）, and high （H） crude protein （CP） concentration （79, 111,131, and 164 g CP/kg on a DM basis, respectively）. Diets were offered in 3 periods with 2 diet replicates per period and were rotated across cows between periods. Cows were individually fed 20 g DM/kg of body weight in equal feedings at 08：00 and 16：00 h for a 10-d adaptation followed by a 5-d total fecal collection. Actual DM intake （DMI）, DMD, and FO were determined based on hay offered, ort, and feces excreted. These components were then analyzed for ADL, APL, and ADIA concentration to determine marker recovery and marker-based estimates of FO and DMD. Results： Forage DMI was affected by diet （P = 0.02）, and DMI from MH and H was greater （P 〈 0.05） than from L. Apparent DMD tended （P = 0.08） to differ among diets while FO （P = 0.20） was not affected by diet treatments. Average ADL recovery （1.16） was greater （P 〈 0.05） than that of ADIA （1.03） and APL （1.06）, but ADIA and APL did not differ （P = 0.42）. Estimates of FO and DMD derived using APL and ADIA were not different （P≥0.05） from total fecal collection while those using ADL differed （P 〈 0.05）. There was no diet by marker interaction （P≥ 0.22） for either FO or DMD. Conclusion： Acid-detergent insoluble ash and APL accurately predicted FO and DMD of cattle fed bermudagrass hay of varying nutrient composition. These internal markers may facilitate studies involving large numbers of animals and forages. Results from such studies may be used to develop improved equations to predict energy values of forages based on the relationship of di

关键词： Acid-detergent insoluble ash Alkaline-peroxide lignin Bermudagrass Cattle Digestibility Marker