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On the State of Stress in the Growth Pl.te under Physiol.gic Compressive l.ading

Open Journal.of Biophysics 2014年第1期4卷 13-21页

作者： Jie Gao john l. williams Esra Roan Department of Mechanical.Engineering Biomedical Engineering The University of Memphis Memphis USA

The growth pl.te is a thin l.yer of cartil.ge sandwiched between epiphyseal.and metaphyseal.bone and is the l.cation of active bone growth during chil.hood. It is subjected to l.rge compressive and shear forces whil. protecting its resident chondrocytes from damage. We bel.eve that computational.model.ng can hel. us better understand how the macro-scal. l.ads are transmitted to micro-scal. stresses and strains within the growth pl.te cartil.ge. As a first step in this process we anal.zed the mechanical.response of compression experiments performed on bovine bone/growth pl.te/bone sampl.s. We endeavored to estimate the modul.s of el.sticity of the growth pl.te itsel. by simul.ting the compression experiments of these specimens using the finite el.ment method. It is shown that when the growth pl.te in the compression specimens was model.d as a fl.t l.yer, the state of stress in the cartil.ge was triaxial.and non-uniform with the hydrostatic stress being much greater than the octahedral.shear stress over most of the central.region of the growth pl.te test sampl.s. The computational.model. accounted for variations in the average cartil.ge thickness, the non-uniaxial. non-uniform and triaxial.state of stress in the thin cartil.ge l.yer, and for the estimated extrinsic compl.ance resul.ing from compression of the variabl. heights of bone on either side of the growth pl.te cartil.ge. However, due to l.ck of information on the internal.structure of each sampl., the model. did not account for the variations in the non-fl.t topography of the growth pl.tes. The model. al.o did not incl.de the cal.ified cartil.ge l.yer. Further model.devel.pment is recommendedin order to determine the degree to which accounting for the compl.x growth pl.te topography infl.ences the predicted cartil.ge modul.s of el.sticity.

关键词： Growth Pl.te Physis Cartil.ge Mechanical Properties Finite El.ment Anal.sis

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Tibiofemoral.Joint Forces during the Stance Phase of Gait after ACl.Reconstruction

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Open Journal.of Biophysics 2013年第4期3卷 277-284页

作者： Brooke A. Sanford john l. williams Audrey R. Zucker-l.vin Wil.iam M. Mihal.o Campbel. Cl.nic Department of Orthopaedics and Biomedical.Engineering University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis USA Department of Biomedical.Engineering University of Memphis Memphis USA Department of Physical.Therapy University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis USA

The main goal. of anterior cruciate l.gament reconstruction (ACl.) are to restore knee function and prevent devel.pment of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the incidence of earl.-onset OA remains higher in patients fol.owing ACl.. The purpose of this study was to compare the computed tibiofemoral.joint (TFJ) forces and muscl. forces of ACl. knees to those of BMI-matched control.subjects during the stance phase of gait. We hypothesized that the use of principal.component anal.sis woul. al.ow us to characterize al.erations in three-dimensional.TFJ l.ads and muscl. forces after ACl. as compared to a heal.hy control.popul.tion. Of the eight ACl. knees, four displ.yed an abnormal.TFJ compressive force. In three of these four ACl. knees that displ.yed abnormal.compressive forces, one of the major muscl.s/muscl. groups crossing the knee al.o deviated from the control.group. We bel.eve that each subject has a unique response to their injury, reconstructive surgery, and rehabil.tation.

关键词： ACl Reconstruction Tibiofemoral Joint Forces Gait

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The Making of a Heal.h Profession:How Chinese Medicine Became a National.y Registered Al.ied Heal.h Profession in Austral.a

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Chinese Medicine and Cul.ure 2024年第1期7卷 51-62页

作者： john l.McDonal. Judy B James School.of Chinese Medicine Endeavour College of Natural HealthSouthport 4215Australia Acupuncture Now Austral.a Brisbane 4120Australia

In 2012, traditional.Chinese medicine(TCM) practitioners in Austral.a became national.y-registered al.ied heal.h professional. in three categories: acupuncturist, Chinese herbal.medicine practitioner, and Chinese herbal.medicine dispenser. Austral.a was the first Western country to introduce national.registration for Chinese medicine, fol.owed by Portugal.and, recentl., New Zeal.nd. The practice of TCM in Austral.a can be traced back to the beginning of Chinese immigration to Austral.a during the Victorian Gol. Rush which began in the 1850s. The process which l.d to national.registration commenced in the earl. 1970s with the establ.shment of the first acupuncture courses. Decades of gradual.devel.pment of courses from unaccredited part-time dipl.mas to accredited bachel.r degrees, and the devel.pment, by the profession, of national.consensus on educational.standards were essential.el.ments in the process which l.d to registration. Professional.associations, such as the Austral.an Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Association l.d.(AACMA), al.o devel.ped a framework of professional.sel.regul.tion, incl.ding Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, ongoing professional.devel.pment requirements and Infection Control.Guidel.nes, and provided l.adership in the devel.pment of the profession. After decades of tribal.sm and division within the TCM profession, the National.Academic Standards Committee brought al.ost al. stakehol.ers together to reach a consensus on the Austral.an Guidel.nes for Traditional.Chinese Medicine Education which were publ.shed by AACMA in 2001. Professional.associations al.o col.aborated on joint submissions to the government in support of registration, which was introduced first in the state of Victoria in 2000, and subsequentl. became national.in 2012. Despite national.registration, some barriers stil. remain, and professional.associations continue to l.bby the federal.government for incl.sion in Medicare, chronic disease management scheme, and Veterans

关键词： Acupuncture Chinese medicine Registration Regul.tion Education Standards Austral.a TCM

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Robust Machine l.arning Mapping of sEMG Signal. to Future Actuator Commands in Biomechatronic Devices

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Journal.of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 270-287页

作者： Al. Nasr Sydney Bel. Rachel.l.Whittaker Cl.rk R.Dickerson john McPhee Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada Kinesiol.gy and Heal.h Sciences University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L3G3Canada

A machine l.arning model.for regression of interrupted Surface El.ctromyography(sEMG)signal. to future control.oriented signal.(e.g.,robot’s joint angl. and assistive torque)of an active biomechatronic device for high-l.vel.myoel.ctric-based hierarchical.control.is proposed.A Recurrent Neural.Network(RNN)was trained using output data,initial.y obtained from offl.ne optimization of the biomechatronic(human–robot)device and shifted by the prediction *** input of the RNN consisted of interrupted sEMG signal.(to mimic signal.disconnections)and previous kinematic signal. of the assistive *** RNN with a 0.1-s prediction horizon coul. predict the control.oriented joint angl. and assistive torque with 92%and 86.5%regression accuracy,respectivel.,for the test *** proposed approach permits a fast,predictive,and direct estimation of control.oriented signal. instead of an iterative process that optimizes assistive torque in the inverse dynamic simul.tion of a mul.ibody human–robot *** with these interrupted input signal. significantl. improves the regression accuracy in the case of sEMG signal.*** Robust Predictive Control.oriented Machine l.arning(Robust-Muscl.NET)model.can support vol.tional.high-l.vel.myoel.ctric-based control.of biomechatronic devices,such as exoskel.tons,prostheses,and assistive/resistive *** work shoul. study the appl.cation to prosthesis control.as wel. as the repeatabil.ty of the high-l.vel.control.er with el.ctrode *** l.w-l.vel.hierarchical.control.er that manages the human–robot interaction,the assistance/resistance strategy,and the actuator coordination shoul. al.o be studied.

关键词： Myoel.ctric-based control.Surface el.ctromyography Machine l.arning Mul.ibody system dynamics Exoskel.ton Bionic

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Mul.ipl. scl.rosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon C.Smith Jessica l.williams Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Biol.gical Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Mul.ipl. scl.rosis(MS) is a chronic infl.mmatory and demyel.nating disease of the central.nervous system(CNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function l.ss due to myel.n and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser scl.rosis damage

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El.cidating the rol. of gut microbiota dysbiosis in hyperuricemia and gout:Insights and therapeutic strategies

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2024年第40期30卷 4404-4410页

作者： Abhay Kumar Singh Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan Ashok Iyaswamy l.onard l.williams Department of Microbiol.gy School of Life SciencesCentral University of Tamil NaduTiruvarurTN 610005India School.of Biomedical.Sciences Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School.of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong 999077China Department of Biochemistry Karpagam Academy of Higher EducationCoimbatore 641021India Center for Excel.ence in Post-Harvest Technol.gies North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNC 27411United States

Hyperuricemia(HUA)is a condition associated with a high concentration of uric acid(UA)in the bl.odstream and can cause gout and chronic kidney *** gut microbiota of patients with gout and HUA is significantl. al.ered compared to that of heal.hy *** articl. focused on the compl.x interconnection between al.erations in the gut microbiota and the devel.pment of this *** studies have suggested that changes in the composition,diversity,and activity of microbes pl.y a key rol. in establ.shing and progressing HUA and gout ***,we discussed how the gut microbiota contributes to HUA through purine metabol.sm,UA excretion,and intestinal.infl.mmatory *** examined specific changes in the composition of the gut microbiota associated with gout and HUA,highl.ghting key bacterial.taxa and the metabol.c pathways ***,we discussed the effect of conventional.gout treatments on the gut microbiota composition,al.ng with emerging therapeutic approaches that target the gut microbiome,such as the use of probiotics and *** al.o provided insights into a study regarding the gut microbiota as a possibl. novel.therapeutic intervention for gout treatment and dysbiosis-rel.ted diagnosis.

关键词： Gut microbiota Dysbiosis Gout Hyperuricemia Infl.mmation Intestinal.barrier Probiotics Prebiotics Fecal.microbiota transpl.ntation

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Assessment of the effectiveness of weight-adjusted antibiotic administration,for reduced duration,in surgical.prophyl.xis of primary hip and knee arthropl.sty

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Worl. Journal.of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 170-179页

作者： Tosan Okoro Michael.Wan Takura Darl.ngton Mukabeta El.a Mal.v Marketa Gross Cl.udia williams Muhammad Manjra Jan Herman Kuiper john Murnaghan Department of Arthropl.sty Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation TrustOswestry SY107AGUnited Kingdom School.of Medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST55BGUnited Kingdom St Joseph’s Heal.h Centre Unity Health TorontoToronto M6R 1B5Canada Department of Arthropl.sty The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondon E11BBUnited Kingdom Department of Arthropl.sty Sunnybrook Holland Orthopaedic and Arthritis CentreToronto M4Y 1H1Canada Institute for Science and Technol.gy in Medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST51BGUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Prophyl.ctic antibiotics have significantl. l.d to a reduction in the risk of postoperative surgical.site infections(SSI)in orthopaedic *** aim of using antibiotics for this purpose is to achieve serum and tissue drug l.vel. that exceed,for the duration of the operation,the minimum inhibitory concentration of the l.kel. organisms that are *** antibiotics reduce the rate of SSIs in l.wer l.mb arthropl.sty from between 4%and 8%to between 1%and 3%.Controversy,however,stil. surrounds the optimal.frequency and dosing of antibiotic *** To eval.ate the impact of introduction of a weight-adjusted antibiotic prophyl.xis regime,combined with a reduction in the duration of administration of post-operative antibiotics on SSI incidence during the 2 years fol.owing primary el.ctive total.hip and knee arthropl.sty METHODS Fol.owing ethical.approval.patients undergoing primary total.hip arthropl.sty(THA)/total.knee arthropl.sty(TKA)with the ol. regime(OR)of a preoperative dose[cefazol.n 2 g intravenousl.(IV)],and two subsequent doses(2 h and 8 h),were compared to those after a change to a new regime(NR)of a weight-adjusted preoperative dose(cefazol.n 2 g IV for patientsl.n 3g IV for patients>120 kg)and a post-operative dose at 2 *** primary outcome in both groups was SSI rates during the 2 years *** A total.of n=1273 operations(THA n=534,TKA n=739)were performed in n=1264 *** was no statistical.y significant difference in the rate of deep(OR 0.74%(5/675)vs NR 0.50%(3/598);fishers exact test P=0.72),nor superficial.SSIs(OR 2.07%(14/675)vs NR 1.50%(9/598);chi-squared test P=0.44)at 2 years *** propensity score weighting and an interrupted time series anal.sis,there was al.o no difference in SSI rates between both groups[RR 0.88(95%CI 0.61 to 1.30)P=0.46].CONCl.SION A weight-adjusted regime,with a reduction in number of post-operative doses had no adverse impact on S

关键词： Antibiotics Weight-adjusted Hip and knee arthropl.sty Surgical.site infection

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Three-stage pyrol.sis–steam reforming–water gas shift processing of househol.,commercial.and industrial.waste pl.stics for hydrogen production

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Waste Disposal.and Sustainabl. Energy 2024年第1期6卷 25-37页

作者： Rayed Al.hareef Robert Sait-Stewart Mohamad A.Nahil.Paul.T.williams School.of Chemical.and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Five common singl. pl.stics and nine different househol.,commercial.and industrial.waste pl.stics were processed using a three-stage(i)pyrol.sis,(ii)catal.tic steam reforming and(iii)water gas shift reaction system to produce *** of pl.stics produces a range of different hydrocarbon species which are subsequentl. catal.tical.y steam reformed to produce H_(2)and CO and then undergo water gas shift reaction to produce further H_(2).The process mimics the commercial.process for hydrogen production from natural.*** of the singl. pol.al.ene pl.stics(high-density pol.ethyl.ne(HDPE),l.w-density pol.ethyl.ne(l.PE),and pol.propyl.ne(PP))produced simil.r H_(2)yiel.s between 115 mmol.and 120 mmol.per gram *** though PS produced an aromatic product sl.te from the pyrol.sis stage,further stages of reforming and water gas shift reaction produced a gas yiel. and composition simil.r to that of the pol.al.ene pl.stics(115 mmol.H_(2)per gram pl.stic).PET gave significantl. l.wer H_(2)yiel.(41 mmol.per gram pl.stic)due to the formation of mainl. CO,CO_(2)and organic acids from the pyrol.sis stage which were not conducive to further reforming and water gas shift reaction.A mixture of the singl. pl.stics typical.of that found in municipal.sol.d waste produced a H_(2)yiel. of 102 mmol.per gram *** the gas yiel.s and composition from the singl. pl.stics enabl.d an estimation of the yiel.s from a simul.ted waste pl.stic mixture and a‘real.worl.’waste pl.stic mixture to be *** different househol.,commercial.and industrial.waste pl.stic mixtures produced H_(2)yiel.s between 70 mmol.and 107 mmol.per gram *** H_(2)yiel. and gas composition from the singl. waste pl.stics gave an indication of the type of pl.stics in the mixed waste pl.stic sampl.s.

关键词： Waste pl.stic Hydrogen Catal.st Pyrol.sis reforming Water gas shift

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The Decarbonization of Construction—How Can Al.al.-Activated Material. Contribute?

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 18-21页

作者： john l.Provis Susan A.Bernal.Zuhua Zhang Department of Material. Science and Engineering University of SheffieldSheffield S13JDUK Paul.Scherrer Institut Villigen PSI 5232Switzerland School.of Civil.Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK School.of Material. Sciences and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

*** and context Enormous emphasis is currentl. being paid to the decarbonization of the gl.bal.buil. environment as a l.ading priority for the engineering community and rel.ted industrial.sectors[1].One of the main contributors to the overal. emissions footprint of the buil. environment-and thus a cornerstone of efforts to achieve decarbonization-is the emissions profil. of construction material. during their production and *** cement and concrete sector is the l.rgest-vol.me contributor to the emissions incurred in meeting the worl.’s construction material.needs and is therefore targeted in the discussion of the deep,rapid decarbonization that must be achieved in order to minimize irreversibl. damage to the Earth and its ecosystems.

关键词： Al.al. corners irreversibl.

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Outcome of meniscal.repairs in paediatric popul.tion:A tertiary centre experience

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Worl. Journal.of Orthopedics 2024年第6期15卷 547-553页

作者： Ayman Gabr Samson williams Sophie Dodd Nick Barton-Hanson Department of Trauma&Orthopaedics West Suffolk HospitalSuffolk IP332QZUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Alder Hey Children's HospitalLiverpool L145ABUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Meniscal.sparing surgery is a widel. util.sed treatment option for unstabl. meniscal.tears with the aim of minimising the risk of progression towards ***,there is l.mited data in the l.terature on meniscal.repair outcomes in skel.tal.y immature *** To eval.ate the re-operation rate and functional.outcomes of meniscal.repairs in chil.ren and *** We performed a retrospective review of al. patients who underwent arthroscopic meniscal.repair surgery between January 2007 and January *** patients were under the age of 18 at the time of *** were al. performed by a singl. *** was gathered from our hospital.El.ctronic Patient Records *** primary outcome measure was re-operation rate(need for further surgery on the same meniscus).Secondary outcome measures were surgical.compl.cations and patient reported outcome measures that were International.Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC),Tegner and l.shol. *** We identified 59 patients who underwent 66 Al.-inside meniscal.repairs(32 medial.meniscus and 34 l.teral.meniscus).Meniscal.repairs were performed util.zing FasT-Fix(Smith and Nephew)*** were 37 mal.s and 22 femal.s with an average age of 14 years(range 6-16).The average fol.ow-up time was 53 months(range 26-140).Six patients had concomitant anterior cruciate l.gament reconstruction surgery al.ng with the meniscal.*** were no requiring further meniscal.repairs and 9 patients underwent partial.*** mean postoperative IKDC score was 88(44-100),Tegner score was 7(2-10)and l.shol. score was 94(57-100).CONCl.SION Our resul.s showed that arthroscopic repair of meniscal.tears in the paediatric popul.tion is an effective treatment option that has a l.w fail.re rate and good postoperative cl.nical.with the advantage of preserving meniscal.tissues.

关键词： Meniscus Meniscal.repair Outcome Meniscal.preservation

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