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Herbal hepatotoxicity:Challenges and pitfalls of causality assessment methods

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第19期19卷 2864-2882页

作者： Rolf Teschke Christian Frenzel johannes schulze Axel Eickhoff Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine ⅡKlinikum HanauD-63450 HanauGermany Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit t Frankfurt am MainD-60590 Frankfurt am MainGermany Department of Medicine Ⅰ University Medical Center Hamburg EppendorfD-20246 HamburgGermany nstitute of Industrial Environmental and Social MedicineMedical FacultyJohann Wolfgang GoetheUniversitat Frankfurt am MainD-60590 Frankfurt am MainGermany

The diagnosis of herbal hepatotoxicity or herb induced liver injury(HILI) represents a particular clinical and regulatory challenge with major pitfalls for the causality *** the day HILI is suspected in a patient,physicians should start assessing the quality of the used herbal product,optimizing the clinical data for completeness,and applying the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences(CIOMS) scale for initial causality *** scale is structured,quantitative,liver specific,and validated for hepatotoxicity *** items provide individual scores,which together yield causality levels of highly probable,probable,possible,unlikely,and *** completion by additional information including raw data,this scale with all items should be reported to regulatory agencies and manufacturers for further *** CIOMS scale is preferred as tool for assessing causality in hepatotoxicity cases,compared to numerous other causality assessment methods,which are inferior on various *** these disputed methods are the Maria and Victorino scale,an insufficiently qualified,shortened version of the CIOMS scale,as well as various liver unspecific methods such as thead hoc causality approach,the Naranjo scale,the World Health Organization(WHO) method,and the Karch and Lasagna *** expert panel is required for the Drug Induced Liver Injury Network method,the WHO method,and other approaches based on expert opinion,which provide retrospective analyses with a long delay and thereby prevent a timely assessment of the illness in question by the *** conclusion,HILI causality assessment is challenging and is best achieved by the liver specific CIOMS scale,avoiding pitfalls commonly observed with other approaches.

关键词： Herbal hepatotoxicity Herb induced liver injury Herbs Drug hepatotoxicity Drug induced liver injury Causality assessment

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Drug-and Herb-Induced Liver Injury in Clinical and Translational Hepatology:Causality Assessment Methods, Quo Vadis?

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2013年第1期1卷 59-74页

作者： Rolf Teschke Axel Eickhoff johannes schulze Department of Internal Medicine Ⅱ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Klinikum Hanau Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty Goethe University Frankfurt/Main Germany Institute of Industrial Environmental and Social Medicine Medical Faculty Goethe University Frankfurt/Main Germany

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and herb-induced liver injury (HILI) are typical diseases of clinical and translational hepatology. Their diagnosis is complex and requires an experienced clinician to translate basic science into clinical judgment and identify a valid causality algorithm. To pro-spectively assess causality starting on the day DILI or HILI is suspected, the best approach for physicians is to use the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) scale in its original or preferably its updated version. The CIOMS scale is validated, liver-specific, structured, and quantitative, providing final causality grades based on scores of specific items for individual patients. These items include latency period, decline in liver values after treatment cessa-tion, risk factors, co-medication, alternative diagnoses, hepatotoxicity track record of the suspected product, and unintentional re-exposure. Provided causality is established as probable or highly probable, data of the CIOMS scale with all individual items, a short clinical report, and complete raw data should be transmitted to the regulatory agencies, manufacturers, expert panels, and possibly to the scientific community for further refinement of the causality evaluation in a setting of retrospective expert opinion. Good-quality case data combined with thorough CIOMS-based assessment as a standardized approach should avert subsequent necessity for other complex causality assessment methods that may have inter-rater problems because of poor-quality data. In the future, the CIOMS scale will continue to be the preferred tool to assess causality of DILI and HILI cases and should be used consistently, both prospectively by physicians, and retrospectively for subsequent expert opinion if needed. For comparability and international harmonization, all parties assessing causality in DILI and HILI cases should attempt this standardized approach using the updated CIOMS scale.

关键词： Drug-induced liver injury Drug hepatotoxicity Herb-induced liver injury Herbal hepatotoxicity Causality assessment

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Herbalife hepatotoxicity: Evaluation of cases with positive reexposure tests

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World Journal of Hepatology 2013年第7期5卷 353-363页

作者： Rolf Teschke Christian Frenzel johannes schulze Alexander Schwarzenboeck Axel Eickhoff Department of Internal Medicine Ⅱ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Klinikum Hanau Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main Department of MedicineⅠ University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf Institute of Industrial Environmental and Social Medicine Medical Faculty of the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main

AIM: To analyze the validity of applied test criteria and causality assessment methods in assumed Herbalife hepatotoxicity with positive reexposure tests. METHODS: We searched the Medline database for suspected cases of Herbalife hepatotoxicity and retrieved 53 cases including eight cases with a positive unintentional reexposure and a high causality level for Herbalife. First, analysis of these eight cases focused on the data quality of the positive reexposure cases, requiring a baseline value of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) < 5 upper limit of normal (N) before reexposure, with Nas the upper limit of normal, and a doubling of the ALT value at reexposure as compared to the ALT value at baseline prior to reexposure. Second, reported methods to assess causality in the eight cases were evaluated, and then the liver specific Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) scale validated for hepatotoxicity cases was used for quantitative causality reevaluation. This scale consists of various specific elements with scores provided through the respective case data, and the sum of the scores yields a causality grading for each individual case of initially suspected hepatotoxicity. RESULTS: Details of positive reexposure test conditions and their individual results were scattered in virtually all cases, since reexposures were unintentional and allowed only retrospective rather than prospective assessments. In 1/8 cases, criteria for a positive reexposure were fulfilled, whereas in the remaining cases the reexposure test was classified as negative (n = 1), or the data were considered as uninterpretable due to missing information to comply adequately with the criteria (n = 6). In virtually all assessed cases, liver unspecific causality assessment methods were applied rather than a liver specific method such as the CIOMS scale. Using this scale, causality gradings for Herbalife in these eight cases were probable (n = 1), unlikely (n = 4), and excluded (n =

关键词： Herbalife hepatotoxicity Herbalife induced liver injury Herbal hepatotoxicity Herb induced liver injury Herbs

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Drug and herb induced liver injury: Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences scale for causality assessment

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World Journal of Hepatology 2014年第1期6卷 17-32页

作者： Rolf Teschke Albrecht Wolff Christian Frenzel Alexander Schwarzenboeck johannes schulze Axel Eickhoff Department of Internal Medicine Ⅱ Klinikum Hanau Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main Department of Internal Medicine Ⅱ Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectious Diseases Friedrich Schiller University Jena Department of Medicine Ⅰ University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf Institute of Industrial Environmental and Social Medicine Medical Faculty Goethe University

Causality assessment of suspected drug induced liver injury(DILI) and herb induced liver injury(HILI) is hampered by the lack of a standardized approach to be used by attending physicians and at various subsequent evaluating levels. The aim of this review was to analyze the suitability of the liver specific Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences(CIOMS) scale as a standard tool for causality assessment in DILI and HILI cases. PubMed database was searched for the following terms: drug induced liver injury; herb induced liver injury; DILI causality assessment; and HILI causality assessment. The strength of the CIOMS lies in its potential as a standardized scale for DILI and HILI causality assessment. Other advantages include its liver specificity and its validation for hepatotoxicity with excellent sensitivity, specificity and predictive validity, based on cases with a positive reexposure test. This scale allows prospective collection of all relevant data required for a valid causality assessment. It does not require expert knowledge in hepatotoxicity and its results may subsequently be refined. Weaknesses of the CIOMS scale include the limited exclusion of alternative causes and qualitatively graded risk factors. In conclusion, CIOMS appears to be suitable as a standard scale for attending physicians, regulatory agencies, expert panels and other scientists to provide a standardized, reproducible causality assessment in suspected DILI and HILI cases, applicable primarily at all assessing levels involved. 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All

关键词： Drug induced liver injury Drug hepatotox-icity Herb induced liver injury Herbal hepatotoxicity Causality assessment

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Herbal traditional Chinese medicine and its evidence base in gastrointestinal disorders

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第15期21卷 4466-4490页

作者： Rolf Teschke Albrecht Wolff Christian Frenzel Axel Eickhoff johannes schulze Department of Internal Medicine Ⅱ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Klinikum Hanau Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main Department of Internal Medicine Ⅱ Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectious DiseasesFriedrich Schiller University Jena Department of Medicine I University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf Institute of Industrial Environmental and Social Medicine Medical Faculty of the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main

Herbal traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is used to treat several ailments, but its efficiency is poorly documented and hence debated, as opposed to modern medicine commonly providinge ffective therapies. The aim of this review article is to present a practical reference guide on the role of herbal TCM in managing gastrointestinal disorders, supported by systematic reviews and evidence based trials. A literature search using herbal TCM combined with terms for gastrointestinal disorders in Pub Med and the Cochrane database identified publications of herbal TCM trials. Results were analyzed for study type, inclusion criteria, and outcome parameters. Quality of placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials was poor, mostly neglecting stringent evidence based diagnostic and therapeutic criteria. Accordingly, appropriate Cochrane reviews and meta-analyses were limited and failed to support valid, clinically relevant evidence based efficiency of herbal TCM in gastrointestinal diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric or duodenal ulcer, dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. In conclusion, the use of herbal TCM to treat various diseases has an interesting philosophical background with a long history, but it received increasing skepticism due to the lack of evidence based efficiency as shown by high quality trials; this has now been summarized for gastrointestinal disorders, with TCM not recommended for most gastrointestinal diseases. Future studies should focus on placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials, herbal product quality and standard criteria for diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and assessment of adverse herb reactions. This approach will provide figures of risk/benefit profiles that hopefully are positive for at least some treatment modalities of herbal TCM. Proponents of modern herbal TCM best face these promising challenges of pragmaticmodern medicine by bridging the gap be

关键词： Evidence based trials Traditional Chinesemedicine Herbal traditional Chinese medicine Gastrointestinaldisorders

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CYLD deletion triggers nuclear factor-κB-signaling and increases cell death resistance in murine hepatocytes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第45期20卷 17049-17064页

作者： Toni Urbanik Bruno Christian Koehler Laura Wolpert Christin Elbner Anna-Lena Scherr Thomas Longerich Nicole Kautz Stefan Welte Nadine Hovelmeyer Dirk Jager Ari Waisman Henning schulze-Bergkamen National Center for Tumor Diseases Department of Medical Oncology University Clinic of Heidelberg 69120 HeidellbergBade-WuerrtembergGermany Institute of Pathology University Hospital Heidelberg 69120 HeidelbergBaden-WuerrtembergGermany Institute for Molecular Medicine johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz 55131 MainzRheinland-PalatlnateGemany

AIM:To analyze the role of CYLD for receptor-mediated cell death of murine hepatocytes in acute liver injury ***:Hepatocyte cell death in CYLD knockout mice(CYLD-/-)was analyzed by application of liver injury models for CD95-(Jo2)and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α-[D-Gal N/lipopolysaccharide(LPS)]induced *** injury was assessed by measurement of serum transaminases and histological *** induction was quantified by cleaved PARP staining and Western blotting of activated *** factor(NF)-κB,ERK,Akt and jun amino-terminal kinases signaling were *** Hepatocytes were isolated by two step-collagenase perfusion and treated with recombinant TNF-αand with the CD95-ligand *** viability was analyzed by ***:Livers of CYLD-/-mice showed increased anti-apoptotic NF-κB *** both applied liver injury models CYLD-/-mice showed a significantly reduced apoptosis *** D-Gal N/LPS treatment CYLD-/-mice exhibited significantly lower levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(295 U/L vs 859 U/L,P<0.05)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(560 U/L vs 1025 U/L,P<0.01).After Jo injection CYLD-/-mice showed 2-fold lower ALT(50 U/L vs 110 U/L,P<0.01)and lower AST(250 U/L vs 435 U/L,P<0.01)serumlevels compared to WT *** addition,isolated CYLD-/-primary murine hepatocytes(PMH)were less sensitive towards death receptor-mediated apoptosis and showed increased levels of Bcl-2,XIAP,c IAP1/2,survivin and c-FLIP expression upon TNF-and CD95-receptor triggering,*** of NF-κB activation by the inhibitor of NF-κB phosphorylation inhibitor BAY 11-7085 inhibited the expression of antiapoptotic proteins and re-sensitized CYLD-/-PMH towards TNF-and CD95-receptor mediated cell ***:CYLD is a central regulator of apoptotic cell death in murine hepatocytes by controlling NF-κB dependent anti-apoptotic signaling.

关键词： CYLD Apoptosis Nuclear factor-κB Tumo rnecrosis factor-α CD95 Liver

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Genetics of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第16期13卷 2271-2282页

作者： Andreas Teufel Frank Staib Stephan Kanzler Arndt Weinmann Henning schulze-Bergkamen Peter R Galle Department of Medicine Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany

The completely assembled human genome has made it possible for modern medicine to step into an era rich in genetic information and high-throughput genomic analysis. These novel and readily available genetic resources and analytical tools may be the key to unravel the molecular basis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, since an efficient treatment for this disease is lacking, further understanding of the genetic background of HCC will be crucial in order to develop new therapies aimed at selected targets. We report on the current status and recent developments in HCC genetics. Special emphasis is given to the genetics and regulation of major signalling pathways involved in HCC such as p53, Wnt- signalling, TGFβ, Ras, and Rb pathways. Furthermore, we describe the influence of chromosomal aberrations as well as of DNA methylation. Finally, we report on the rapidly developing field of genomic expression profiling in HCC, mainly by microarray analysis.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cancer Genetics Genomics Chromosome Mutation Pathway

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TRAIL-induced apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells is augmented by targeted therapies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第47期15卷 5924-5935页

作者： Bruno Christian Koehler Toni Urbanik Binje Vick Regina Johanna Boger Steffen Heeger Peter R Galle Marcus Schuchmann Henning schulze-Bergkamen First Department of Medicine Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz55101 MainzGermany Steffen HeegerMerck KGaAMS-D Global Clinical Development Unit-Oncology64293 DarmstadtGermany National Center of Tumor Diseases Department of Medical OncologyUniversity Clinic of Heidelberg69120 HeidelbergGermany

AIM:To analyze the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs and specific kinase inhibitors,in combination with the death receptor ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand(TRAIL),on overcoming TRAIL resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and to study the efficacy of agonistic TRAIL antibodies,as well as the commitment of antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins, in TRAIL-induced apoptosis. METHODS:Surface expression of TRAIL receptors (TRAIL-R1-4)and expression levels of the antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins MCL-1 and BCL-xL were analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blotting,respectively. Knock-down of MCL-1 and BCL-xL was performed by transfecting specific small interfering *** cellswere treated with kinase inhibitors and chemotherapeutic *** induction and cell viability were analyzed via flow cytometry and 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. RESULTS:TRAIL-R1 and-R2 were profoundly expressed on the HCC cell lines Huh7 and Hep-G2. However,treatment of Huh7 and Hep-G2 with TRAIL and agonistic antibodies only induced minor apoptosis *** resistance towards TRAIL could be considerably reduced by adding the chemotherapeutic drugs 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin as well as the kinase inhibitors LY294002[inhibition of phosphoinositol- 3-kinase(PI3K)],AG1478(epidermal growth factor receptor kinase),PD98059(MEK1),rapamycin(mam- malian target of rapamycin)and the multi-kinase inhibitor ***,the antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins MCL-1 and BCL-xL play a major role in TRAIL resistance:knock-down by RNA interference increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis of HCC ***, knock-down of MCL-1 and BCL-xL led to a significant sensitization of HCC cells towards inhibition of both c-Jun N-terminal kinase and ***:Our data identify the blockage of survival kinases,combination with chemotherapeutic drugs and targeting of antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins as promising ways to overcome TRAIL resistance in

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Apoptosis Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand BCL-xL MCL-1 5-fluorouracil Doxorubicin Sorafenib Phosphoinositol-3-kinase (Mitogen-activated protein kinase)/(extracellular signal regulated kinase) kinase c-Jun N-terminal kinase

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Bcl-x_L and Myeloid cell leukaemia-1 contribute to apoptosis resistance of colorectal cancer cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第24期14卷 3829-3840页

作者： Henning schulze-Bergkamen Roland Ehrenberg Lothar Hickmann Binje Vick Toni Urbanik Christoph C Schimanski Martin R Berger Arno Schad Achim Weber Steffen Heeger Peter R Galle Markus Moehler First Department of Medicine Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz German Cancer Research Center Institute of Pathology University of Mainz Department of Pathology Institute of Surgical PathologyUniversity Hospital Merck Pharma GmbH

AIM： TO explore the role of Bcl-XL and Myeloid cell leukaemia （Mcl）-I for the apoptosis resistance of colorectal carcinoma （CRC） cells towards current treatment modalities. METHODS： Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 mRNA and protein expression were analyzed in CRC cell lines as well as human CRC tissue by Western blot, quantitative PCRand immunohistochemistry. Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 protein expression was knocked down or increased in CRC cell lines by applying specific siRNAs or expression plasmids, respectively. After modulation of protein expression, CRC cells were treated with chemotherapeutic agents, an antagonistic epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR1） antibody, an EGFR1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or with the death receptor ligand TRAIL. Apoptosis induction and cell viability were analyzed. RESULTS： Here we show that in human CRC tissue and various CRC cell lines both Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 are expressed. Bcl-xL expression was higher in CRC tissue than in surrounding non-malignant tissue, both on protein and mRNA level. Mcl-1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in malignant tissues. However, protein expression was slightly higher. Viability rates of CRC cells were significantly decreased after knock down of Bcl-xL expression, and, to a lower extent, after knock down of Mcl-1 expression. Furthermore, cells with reduced Bcl-xL or Mcl-1 expression was more sensitive towards oxaliplatinand irinotecan-induced apoptosis, and in the case of Bcl-xL also towards 5-FU-induced apoptosis. On the other hand, upregulation of Bcl-xL by transfection of an expression plasmid decreased chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis. EGF treatment clearly induced Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression in CRC cells. Apoptosis induction upon EGFR1 blockage by cetuximab or PD168393 was increased by inhibiting Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL expression. More strikingly, CD95- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis was increased by Bcl-xL knock down. CONCLUSION： Our data suggest that Bcl-xL and, to a lower extent, Mcl-1, are important anti-apoptotic

关键词： Colorectal carcinoma Bcl-XL Myeloid cellleukaemia-1 Epidermal growth factor receptor 1 Apoptosis 5-fluorouracil Irinotecan Oxaliplatin

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Determination of the number of J/ψ events with J/ψ → inclusive decays

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Chinese Physics C 2012年第10期36卷 915-925页

作者：麦迪娜 M. N. Achasov D. J. Ambrose 安芬芬安琪安正华白景芝班勇 J. Becker N. Berger M. Bertani 边渐鸣 E. Boger O. Bondarenko I. Boyko R. A. Briere V. Bytev 蔡啸 A. Calcaterra 曹国富常劲帆 G. Chelkov 陈刚陈和生陈江川陈玛丽陈申见陈晔陈元柏程和平初元萍 D. Cronin-Hennessy 代洪亮代建平 D. Dedovich 邓子艳 A. Denig I. Denysenko M. Destefanis 丁伟民丁勇董燎原董明义杜书先方建房双世 L. Fava F. Feldbauer 封常青 R. B. Ferroli 傅成栋傅金林高原宁耿聪 K. Goetzen 龚文煊 W. Gradl M. Greco 顾旻皓顾运厅管颖慧郭爱强郭立波郭玉萍韩艳良郝喜庆 F. A. Harris 何康林何苗何振亚 T. Held 衡月昆侯治龙胡海明胡继峰胡涛黄彬黄光明黄金书黄性涛黄燕萍 T. Hussain 姬长胜纪全季晓斌季筱璐贾卢魁姜丽丽江晓山焦健斌焦铮金大鹏金山景繁凡 N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki M. Kavatsyuk W. Kuehn 赖蔚 J. S. Lange 潘振声李春花李澄李翠李德民李飞李刚李海波李家才李康李蕾李宁博李秋菊李绍莉李卫东李卫国李晓玲李小男李学潜李秀荣李志兵梁昊梁勇飞梁羽铁廖广瑞廖小涛刘北江 C. L. Liu 刘春秀刘春燕刘福虎刘芳刘峰刘虎刘宏邦刘汇慧刘怀民刘红薇刘觉平刘魁勇刘凯刘坤刘佩莲刘树彬刘翔刘晓海刘勇刘豫斌刘振安刘志强刘智青 H. Loehner 鲁公儒吕海江吕军光吕绮雯吕晓睿卢云鹏罗成林罗民兴罗涛罗小兰吕蒙马长利马凤才马海龙马秋梅马斯马天马晓妍 Y. Ma F. E. Maas M. Maggiora Q. A. Malik 毛虎冒亚军毛泽普 J. G. Messchendorp 闵建闵天觉 R. E. Mitchell 莫晓虎 C. Morales Morales C. Motzko N. Yu. Muchnoi Y. Nefedov 宁洁 I. B. Nikolaev 宁哲马鹏欧阳群 S. Pacetti 卞正烷 M. Pelizaeus 彭海平 K. Peters 平加伦平荣刚 R. Poling E. Prencipe C. S. J. Pun 祁鸣钱森乔从丰秦小帅秦瑶秦中华邱进发 K. H. Rashid 荣刚阮向东 A. Sarantsev B. D. Schaefer J. schulze 邵明沈成平沈肖雁盛华义 M. R. Shepherd 宋新颖 S. Spataro B. Spruck 孙德辉孙功星孙俊峰孙胜森孙晓东孙勇杰孙永昭孙志嘉孙振田唐昌建唐晓 E. H. Thorndike 田浩来 D. Toth M. Ullrich G. S. Varner 王斌王博群王科王亮亮王灵淑王萌王平王佩良王强王庆娟王思广王雄飞汪晓莲王雅迪王贻芳王亚乾王铮王志刚王至勇魏代会 P. Weidenkaff 文群刚文硕频 M. Werner U. Wiedner 伍灵慧吴宁吴硕星吴蔚吴智夏力钢肖振军谢宇广修青磊许国发徐光明徐昊徐庆君徐新平徐晔许志蕊薛飞薛镇严亮鄢文标颜永红杨洪勋杨涛杨迎杨永栩叶桦叶梅叶铭汉俞伯祥喻纯旭俞洁晟于帅鹏苑长征袁文龙袁野 A. A. Zafar A. Zallo 曾云张丙新张炳云张长春张达华张宏浩章红宇张杰张金国张敬庆张家文张建勇张景芝张雷张书华张太锐张晓杰张学尧张瑶张银鸿张艳硕张子平张振宇赵光赵海升赵京伟赵凯旋赵雷赵玲赵明刚赵强赵书俊赵天池赵祥虎赵豫斌赵政国 A. Zhemchugov 郑建平郑阳恒郑志鹏钟彬 J. Zhong 周莉周晓康周小蓉朱程朱凯朱科军朱世海朱相雷朱兴旺朱亚敏朱永生朱自安庄建邹冰松邹佳恒左嘉旭 Institute of High Energy Physics G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (BINP) Novosibirsk 630090 Russia University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627 USA University of Science and Technology of China Peking University Bochum Ruhr-University INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati University of Minnesota Minneapolis Joint Institute for Nuclear Research also at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Russia KVI/University of Groningen 9747 AA Groningen The Netherlands Carnegie Mellon University Nanjing University Huangshan College University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45 55099 Mainz Germany on leave from the Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics Kiev Ukraine University of Turin and INFN Turin Italy Shandong University Liaoning University Zhengzhou University University of Piemonte Orientale and INFN (Turin) Bochum Ruhr-University 44780 Bochum Germany Tsinghua University GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH D-64291 Darmstadt Germany GuangXi University Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Nankai University Nanjing Normal University University of Hawaii Honolulu Hawaii 96822 USA Huazhong Normal University Henan Normal University University of the Punjab Universitaet Giessen 35392 Giessen Germany The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China Hangzhou Normal University Seoul National University Sun Yat-Sen University Sichuan University The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T. Hong Kong China Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Shanxi University Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003 China Wuhan University Lanzhou University Zhejiang University Helmholtz Institute Mainz J.J. Becherweg 45D 55099 Mainz Germany Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA University of Perugia and INFN I-06100 Perugia Italy also at the PNPI Gatchina Russia now at Nagoya University Nagoya Japan China Center o

The number of J/ψ events collected with the BES detector at the BEPC from June 12 to July 28, 2009 is determined to be （225.3 ± 2.8） × 10^ 6 using J/ψ→inclusive events, where the uncertainty is the systematic e... 详细信息

关键词： number of J/ψ events BES detector J/ψ →inclusive events

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