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Is the higher rate of parental child homicide in stepfamilies an effect of non-genetic relatedness？

Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 253-259页

作者： Hans TEMRIN johanna NORDLUND Mikael RYING Birgitta S. TULLBERG Department of Zoology Stockholm University SE- 106 91 Stockholm Sweden Department of Health Sciences Mid Sweden University SE-851 70 Sundsvall Sweden

In an evolutionary perspective individuals are expected to vary the degree of parental love and care in relation to the fitness value that a child represents. Hence, stepparents are expected to show less solicitude than genetically related parents, and this lack of genetic relatedness has been used to explain the higher frequencies of child abuse and homicide found in stepfamilies. However, other factors than non-genetic relatedness may cause this over-representation in stepfamilies. Here we use a 45-year data set of parental chiltl homicides in Sweden to test two hypotheses related to the higher incidence in stepfamilies： 1） adults in different types of family differ in their general disposition to use violence, and 2） parents are more likely to kill stepchildren than genetically related children. Of the 152 perpetrators in biparental families there was an overrepresentation of perpetrators in step- families （n=27） compared with the general population. We found support for the first hypothesis in that both general and violent crime rates were higher in stepfamilies, both in the general population and among perpetrators of child homicide. However, we found no support for the second hypothesis because of the 27 perpetrators in stepfamilies the perpetrator killed a genetically related child in 13 cases, a stepchild in 13 cases and both types of children in one case. Moreover, out of the 12 families where the perpetrator lived with both stepchildren and genetic children, there was no bias towards killing stepchildren. Thus, we found no evidence for an effect of non-genetic relatedness per se [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 253-259, 2011].

关键词： Cinderella effect Alternative explanations Characteristics of parents Previous criminality Violence

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Frequency-dependent flight activity in the colour polymorphic wood tiger moth

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 765-772页

作者： Bibiana ROJAS Swanne R GORDON johanna MAPPES University of Jyvaskyla Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences POBox 35 FI 40001 Finland

Predators efficiently learn to avoid one type of warning signal rather than several, making colour polymorphisms un- expected. Aposematic wood tiger moth males Parasemia plantaginis have either white or yellow hindwing coloration across Eu- rope. Previous studies indicate that yellow males are better defended from predators, while white males have a positively frequency-dependent mating advantage. However, the potential frequency-dependent behavioural differences in flight between the morphs, as well as the role of male-male interactions in inducing flying activity, have not been previously considered. We ran an outdoor cage experiment where proportions of both male morphs were manipulated to test whether flying activity was frequency- dependent and differed between morphs. The white morph was significantly more active than the yellow one across all treatments, and sustained activity for longer. Overall activity for both morphs was considerably lower in the yellow-biased environment, suggesting that higher proportions of yellow males in a population may lead to overall reduced flying activity. The activity of the yellow morph also followed a steeper, narrower curve than that of the white morph during peak female calling activity. We sug- gest that white males, with their presumably less costly defences, have more resources to invest in flight for predator escape and finding mates. Yellow males, which are better protected but less sexually selected, may instead compensate their lower flight ac- tivity by ＇flying smart＇ during the peak female-calling periods. Thus, both morphs may be able to behaviourally balance the trade-off between warning signal selection and sexual selection. Our results emphasize the greater need to investigate animal behaviour and colour polymorphisms in natural or semi-natural environments [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 765-772, 2015].

关键词： Frequency-dependent selection Flight Colour polymorphism Sexual selection Aposematism

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Lock Foot Syndrome

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上海针灸杂志 2000年第S1期19卷 85-87页

作者： johanna Brand M.D.ofJBQl-Gong International A/S Owner of Qigong A/S Research

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Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in the 21^(st) century

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11467-11485页

作者： Tony Trang johanna Chan David Y Graham Department of Medicine Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 United States

Restitution of normal fat absorption in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency remains an elusive goal. Although many patients achieve satisfactory clinical results with enzyme therapy, few experience normalization of fat absorption, and many, if not most, will require individualized therapy. Increasing the quantity of lipase administered rarely eliminates steatorrhea but increases the cost of therapy. Enteric coated enzyme microbead formulations tend to separate from nutrients in the stomach precluding coordinated emptying of enzymes and nutrients. Unprotected enzymes mix well and empty with nutrients but are inactivated at pH 4 or below. We describe approaches for improving the results of enzyme therapy including changing to, or adding, a different product, adding non-enteric coated enzymes,(e.g., giving unprotected enzymes at the start of the mealand acid-protected formulations later), use of antisecretory drugs and/or antacids, and changing the timing of enzyme administration. Because considerable lipid is emptied in the first postprandial hour, it is prudent to start therapy with enteric coated microbead prior to the meal so that some enzymes are available during that first hour. Patients with hyperacidity may benefit from adjuvant antisecretory therapy to reduce the duodenal acid load and possibly also sodium bicarbonate to prevent duodenal acidity. Comparative studies of clinical effectiveness of different formulations as well as the characteristics of dispersion, emptying, and dissolution of enteric-coated microspheres of different diameter and density are needed; many such studies have been completed but not yet made public. We discuss the history of pancreatic enzyme therapy and describe current use of modern preparations, approaches to overcoming unsatisfactory clinical responses, as well as studies needed to be able to provide reliably effective therapy.

关键词： Pancreatic insufficiency Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy Lipase Clinical trials Steator-rhea Fat malabsorption Chronic pancreatitis

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Optimal microgrid planning for enhancing ancillary service provision

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第4期7卷 862-875页

作者： Sergio F.CONTRERAS Camilo A.CORTES johanna M.A.MYRZIK Institute of Automation Technology University of BremenOtto-Hahn-Allee 1 NW1/M1050(70)28359 BremenGermany Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Universidad Nacional de ColombiaCarrera 30 Calle 45.Ciudad Universitaria Edificio 453Bogota′Colombia

Microgrids have presented themselves as an effective concept to guarantee a reliable,efficient and sustainable electricity delivery during the current transition era from passive to active distribution ***,microgrids could offer effective ancillary services(AS)to the power utility,although this will not be possible before the traditional planning and operation methodologies are ***,a probabilistic multi-objective microgrid planning(POMMP)methodology is proposed in this paper to contemplate the large number of variables,multiple objectives,and different constraints and uncertainties involved in the microgrid *** planning methodology is based on the optimal size and location of energy distributed resources with the goal of minimizing the mismatch power in islanded mode,while the residual power for AS provision and the investment and operation costs of the microgrid in grid-connected mode are maximized and minimized,*** that purpose,probabilistic models and a true multi-objective optimization problem are implemented in the *** methodology is tested in an adapted PG&E 69-bus distribution system and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ(NSGA-Ⅱ)optimization method and an analytic hierarchy process for decision-making are used to solve the optimization problem.

关键词： Microgrid Ancillary services(AS) Planning Multi-objective optimization Decision-making

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Comparative characterization of two natural humic acids in the Pearl River Basin, China and their environmental implications

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第11期22卷 1695-1702页

作者： Juan Liu Jin Wang Yongheng Chen Holger Lippold johanna Lippmann-Pipke Key Laboratory of Water Safety and Protection in the Pearl River Delta Ministry of Education Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China. Forschungzentrum Dresden Rossendorf Institute of Radiochemistry Research Site Leipzig Leipzig 04318 Germany

Two humic acids （HAs） were isolated from contaminated river sediments present under comparative conditions in the Pearl River Basin, China. YFHA （the HA extracted at an open pyrite mining area in Yunfu） exhibited a lower absorption intensity for certain bands in the Fourier transform infrared spectra, a lower E 4 /E 6 value （the UV absorbances at 465 nm （E 4 ） and 665 nm （E 6 ））, a lower apparent molecular weight, a lower polarity and a lower oxygen functionality in comparison with GZHA （the HA isolated at an urban living area in Guangzhou）. All these differences indicated a higher degree of humification of YFHA than GZHA. Overall, the enrichment patterns of permanent heavy metals in the studied HAs were similar to those in corresponding sediments. In particular, YFHA exhibited high enrichment of trace element Tl, a characteristic concomitant from the mining of the pyrite minerals. The adsorption isotherms of two HAs for goethite and pyrolusite, two representative geological materials, conformed to the Langmuir equation. Based on the qualitative relationships between the Langmuir constants of the adsorption isotherms and the chemical characteristics of HAs, the main mechanism of HA adsorption on these materials was suggested to be hydrophobic interaction. This study highlighted the promising use of HA as a peculiar bio-indicator of uncommon trace metal contaminations. The HA adsorption mechanism on representative geological materials further provided a theoretical basis for the study on the unusual metal behavior in complex environmental settings.

关键词： humic acid permanent metal load adsorption goethite pyrolusite

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Local perceptions of climate change and adaptation needs in the Ifugao Rice Terraces (Northern Philippines)

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山地科学学报（英文） 2017年第8期14卷 1455-1472页

作者： Mario A.SORIANO Jr. johanna DIWA Srikantha HERATH Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability United Nations University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale University

The Ifugao Rice Terraces in the Philippines is recognized worldwide as a sustainable landscape where humans live in harmony with nature. The success of the Ifugao Rice Terraces largely depends on the attunement of local farmers to their environment and their ability to adapt to perceived changes, as manifested in their complex body of traditional ecological and climatic knowledge. This paper examines the local perceptions on climate change and other challenges to sustainability through focus group discussions with farmers and traditional knowledge holders. Our main findings can be summarized as follows:(i) Ifugao farmers were able to observe climatic changes in recent years, and these changes were intimately linked with broader environmental and socio-cultural changes in the Ifugao social-ecological system;(ii) The climatic changes qualitatively observed by the farmers were in agreement with trends in datasets commonly used in scientific assessments, although this agreement depends on the spatial and temporal resolution of the dataset, and the type of statistical analysis performed, and;(iii) The Ifugaos stressed the importance of traditional knowledge and culture in climate change adaptation, and preferred measures which could increase internal adaptive capacity while addressingbroader sources of community vulnerability. Our results support calls to recognize Indigenous and Western science as equally valid ways of knowing. Discussions with the farmers revealed that in the Ifugao context, climate change may be better framed in the context of multiple stressors on rural livelihoods, with adaptation integrated into broader development objectives. Our findings also emphasize the need for greater engagement of indigenous Ifugao people in planning processes in order to identify adaptation strategies that are culturally appropriate, equitable, and effective in responding to local needs.

关键词： Ifugao Rice Terraces Climate Change Traditional Knowledge Indigenous Adaptation Social-Ecological System Sustainability

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Frequency, localization, and types of gastrointestinal stromal tumor-associated neoplasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第30期25卷 4261-4277页

作者： johanna Waidhauser Anne Bornemann Martin Trepel Bruno Markl Institute of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics University Medical Center AugsburgAugsburg 86156Germany Department of Hematology and Clinical Oncology University Medical Center AugsburgAugsburg 86156Germany

BACKGROUND In recent years,increasing evidence of second neoplasms associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST)has been *** case reports,mostly retrospective studies and a few reviews,have been *** our knowledge,however,no systematic review or meta-analysis of the existing data has been performed so *** To prepare a compilation,as complete as possible,of all reported second tumor entities that have been described in association with GIST and to systematically analyze the published studies with regard to frequency,localization,and types of GIST-associated *** The MEDLINE and EBSCO databases were searched for a combination of the keywords GIST/secondary,synchronous,coincident/tumor,neoplasm,and relevant publications were selected by two independent *** Initially,3042 publications were *** deletion of duplicates,1631 remained,and 130 papers were selected;22 of these were original studies with a minimum of 20 patients,and 108 were case *** the 22 selected studies,comprising a total number of 12050 patients,an overall rate of GIST-associated neoplasias of 20%could be *** second neoplasias were found in the gastrointestinal tract(32%)and in the male and female urogenital tract(30%).The specific risk scores of GISTs associated with other tumors were significantly lower than those without associated *** In this first systematic review,we could confirm previously reported findings of a more than coincidental association between GIST and other *** question whether there is an underlying causal association will need further *** data suggest that even GIST with a very low risk of disease progression should prompt screening for second neoplasia and subsequent frequent controls or extended staging.

关键词： Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Associated Secondary Neoplasia Tumor

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Colorless-to-colorful switching of electrochromic MXene by reversible ion insertion

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Nano Research 2022年第4期15卷 3587-3593页

作者： Jianxia Jiang Leiqiang Qin Joseph Halim Per O.Å.Persson Lintao Hou johanna Rosen Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials Physics DepartmentJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology(IFM)Linköping UniversityLinköping SE-58183Sweden

Electrochromic(EC)materials that change color with voltage have been widely studied for use in dynamic ***,colorless-to-colorful switching with high contrast ratio is generically unattainable,especially for colorless-to-black electrochromic materials with an ultrahigh contrast ratio over the entire visible *** this work,we developed Nb_(1.33)C MXene-based dynamic windows with colorless-to-black switching of up to 75%reversible change in transmittance from 300 to 1,500 *** exploring the electrochromic effects of different electrolytes through in situ optical changes and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance(EQCM),it is found that electrochromic behavior is greatly influenced by the extent of reversible Li^(+)insertion/deinsertion between the two-dimensional Nb_(1.33)C MXene *** addition,a colorless-to-black EC device based on Nb_(1.33)C with an overall integrated contrast ratio over 80%was successfully constructed by a solution-processable spin coating *** work enables a simple route to fabricate MXene-based high-performance electrochromic smart windows,which is important for further expanding the application of MXenes to optoelectronic and photonic applications.

关键词： MXenes electrochromic materials colorless-to-black switching high contrast ratio reversible Li^(+)insertion

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The importance of grain and cut-off size in shaping tree beta diversity along an elevational gradient in the northwest of Colombia

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第1期7卷 14-25页

作者： johanna Andrea Martínez-Villa Sebastián González-Caro álvaro Duque Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede MedellínCra.65#59a-110MedellínColombia Département des Sciences Biologiques Universitédu QuébecàMontréal141Avenue du Président-KennedyMontrealCanada

Background:Species turnover(β-diversity)along elevational gradients is one of the most important concepts in plant ***,there is a lack of consensus about the main driving mechanisms of treeβ-diversity at local scales in very diverse ecosystems(e.g.,Andean mountains),as well as how the sampling effect can alterβ-diversity ***,it has been hypothesized that patterns of change inβ-diversity at local scales along elevational gradients are driven by sampling effects stemming from differences in the size of the species pool rather than by underlying community assembly ***,we aim to evaluate the relative extent to which sampling effects,such as species pool size,grain size,and tree size cut-off,determine species sorting,and thus,the variability ofβ-diversity at local scales along elevational gradients in the northwest of ***:Using 151-ha permanent plots spread out along a 3000m elevational gradient,we used standardizedβ-deviation to assess the extent to which either sampling effects or the community assembly mechanisms determine the changes in species composition at local ***β-deviation was measured as the difference between the observed and nullβ-diversity divided by the standard deviation of the nullβ-*** found that the magnitude of change in localβ-deviation along the elevational gradient was significant and dependent on the employed spatial grain size and tree size ***,β-deviation increased with elevation in all sampling designs,which suggests that underlying community assembly mechanisms play a key role in shaping localβ-diversity along the elevational ***:Our findings suggest that grain size enlargement and the inclusion of trees with small diameters will improve our ability to quantify the extent to which the community assembly mechanisms shape patterns ofβ-diversity along elevational ***,we emphasize the scale-dependent nature of the assessment o

关键词： Andean forests Null models Species pool Species sorting Sampling effect

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