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Inflammatory Biomarkers in Elite Cross-Country Skiers After a Competition Season:A Case-Control Study

Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第3期5卷 254-262页

作者： Raakel Luoto Olli Ruuskanen johanna k.ihalainen Satu Pekkala Jukka Hintikka Noora kanerva Matti Waris Olli J.Heinonen Maarit Valtonen Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of TurkuPL 5220521 TurkuFinland Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland Department of Food and Nutrition University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Institute of Biomedicine Department of Clinical VirologyUniversity of TurkuTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity University of TurkuTurkuFinland Finnish Institute of High Performance KIHURautpohjankatu640700 JyväskyläFinland

Purpose Whether elite athletes,who have been exposed to vigorous-intensity exercise combined with other stressors,have elevated systemic low-grade inflammation,remains largely *** address this question,we studied the levels of six inflammatory cytokines as potential biomarkers of a low-grade inflammatory state in elite athletes after an 11-month train-ing and competition *** We collected sera from 27 Finnish elite cross-country skiers and 27 gender-and age-matched,moderately-exer-cising *** serum concentrations of C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin 6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),glycoprotein acetyls(GlycA),interleukin 10(IL-10),and interferon gamma(IFN-γ)cytokines were quantified as surrogate markers of low-grade *** The athletes were found to have significantly lower concentrations of CRP(P=0.0232)and higher concentrations of IL-10,TNF-α,and IFN-γ(P=0.0097,P=0.0256,and P=0.0185,respectively)than the *** significant differences between athletes and controls were detected in the concentrations of IL-6 and *** inflammatory score(IS)did not differ significantly between athletes and *** The results of this study argued against the hypothesis of a significant chronic low-grade inflammation in response to prolonged high-performance exercise among elite endurance athletes.

关键词： Athlete Biomarker Chronic low-grade inflammation Exercise GlycA Inflammation

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Energetic Demands and Nutritional Strategies of Elite Cross-Country Skiers During Tour de Ski: A Narrative Review

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第3期3卷 224-237页

作者： Ida A.Heikura Oona kettunen Ina Garthe Heidi Holmlund Silvana Bucher Sandbakk Maarit Valtonen johanna k.ihalainen University of Jyvaskyla JyvaskylaFinland Research Institute for Olympic Sport JyvaskylaFinland Norwegian Olympic Sport Center OsloNorway Cardiac Exercise Research Group(CERG)at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway Department of Teacher Education Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway

The Tour de Ski(TDS:6-9 sprint and distance races across 9-11 days)represents the most intense competition series of the cross-country(XC)ski season and is characterized by accumulated stress from consecutive days of high-intensity(~85%-160% VO_(2max))racing,travel,cold temperatures and low to moderate altitude(500-1500 m above sea level).Here,nutritional strategies play a key supportive role for optimized health,recovery and *** narrative review aims to provide an evidence-based discussion on the energetic demands of the TDS and recommendations for nutritional strate-gies to optimize health and performance of XC skiers during and following the *** highlight several challenges that may arise during the TDS,including the following:poor energy availability(EA)due to decreased appetite or a pressure to maintain a low body weight,suboptimal carbohydrate availability due to a failure to replenish muscle glycogen stores across consecutive-day racing and increased risk of illness due to a combination of factors,including high-intensity racing,poor nutrition,sleep,travel and *** encourage XC skiers to maintain optimal overall EA across the~1.5-week period,ensure high daily carbohydrate availability,as well as the use of strategies to maintain a healthy immune *** addition,we include practical guidelines on the management of nutrition support prior to and during the *** recognize that many nutritional questions remain unanswered both in the context of elite XC ski racing and specifically for extreme demands like the TDS that should be addressed in future investigations.

关键词： Nutrition Winter sports Cross-country skiing Ski tour Carbohydrates Recovery Performance

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